
Class /^7 ^ 
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PRESENTKI) \Si 



ComplrTl^n^s n-" 

The Missouri Hist. Society, 
St. Louis. 




MAIN' EXTRA^-CE. MeN'IClPAL COURTS BtJILniN'G 

In front of which will be placed the Statue of Laclede. 
presented by the Centennial Association. 



St. Louis 

One Hundred Tears in a Week 



CELEBRATION OF 
:: :: THE :: :: 
CENTENNIAL OF 
INCORPORATION 
:: :: OCTOBER :: :: 
THIRD TO NINTH 
NINETEEN HUN- 
DRED AND NINE 




EDITED BY 
WALTER B. STEVENS 



PUBLISHED BY THE ST. LOUIS CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION 






PUBLICATION COMMITTEE 



GEORGE D. MARKHAM, Chairman 
SAUNDERS NORVELL H. N. DAVIS 
JOHN H. GUNDLACH WALTER B. STEVENS 






ST. LOUIS CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION 



Hon. 



Frederick H. Kreismann, 

Mayor. 



Vice-President, 

Hon. John H. Gundlach, 

President City Council. 



Vice-President, 

Hon. Edgar R. Rombauer, 

Speaker House of Delegates. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



George D. Markliam, Chairman. 
Walter B. Stevens, Secretary. 



Arthur J. Fitzsimmons, 
E. V. P. Schneiderhahn, 
Harry A. Hamilton, 
Otto Buder, 
James J. Gallagher, 
Walter B. Douglas, 
J. A. J. Shultz, 



Owen Miller, 
Frank Gaiennie, 
Samuel D. Capen, 
James E. Smith, 
Charles F. Wenneker, 
Henry C. Garneau, 
E. E. Scharff, 



Saunders Norvell, Vice-Chairman. 
Charles H. Huttig, Treasurer. 
H. N. Davis, 
L. D. Dozier, 
Charles P. Senter, 
Charles A. Stix, 
E. J. Spencer, 
Robert McCulloch, 
A. O. Rule. 



MEMBERS 



City Council— Saunders Norvell, Arthur 
J. Fitzsimmons, E. V. P. Schneider- 
hahn. 

House of Delegates — Harry A. Hamil- 
ton, Otto Buder, James J. Gallagher. 

Missouri Historical Society — 
Walter B. Douglas. 

Missouri Manufacturers' Association — 
J. A. J. Shultz. 

Central Trades and Labor Union — 
Owen Miller. 

Million Population Club — 
Frank Gaiennie. 

Automobile Club of St. Louis- 
Samuel D. Capen. 

Business Men's League — James E. Smith. 

MiUion Population Club — 
Charles F. Wenneker. 

Public School Board — 
Henry C. Garneau. 

Merchants' Exchange — E. E. Scharff. 

Civic League — H. N. Davis. 

Real Estate Exchange— A. O. Rule. 

Aero Club of St. Louis — L. D. Dozier. 

Cotton Exchange — Charles P. Senter. 

Washington Avenue Retailers' Associa- 
tion — Charles A. Stix. 



National Guard of Missouri — 
E. J. Spencer. 

United Railways— Robert McCulloch. 

St. Louis Architectural Club — 
H. S. Pitts. 

Building Trades Council— J. McCarthy. 

Mercantile Club — C. M. Jennings. 

Harney Heights Improvement Associa- 
tion — F. S. Kowalski. 

Building Industrial Association — 
S. M. Lederer. 

The Lumberman's Exchange — 
L. G. Harris. 

The St. Louis Life Underwriters' Asso- 
ciation— J. W. Estes. 

Tower Grove Heights Improvement As- 
sociation — J. L. Stice. 

German-American National Bund — 
William Prufrock. 

The Round Table — J. Lawrence Mauran. 

Latin-American Club and Foreign Trade 
Association — James Arbuckle. 

Engineers' Club — W. G. Brennecke. 

Joint Medical Council — ^John C. Morfit. 

Society for Prevention of Tuberculosis 
— Frank P. Crunden. 



Northwestern Protective Association — 
Michael Mullen. 

Shaw's Garden Improvement Associa- 
tion— H. H. Michel. 

St. Louis Builders' Association — 
Edward Remmers. 

West End Business Men's Association — 
C. R. Lupton. 

St. Louis Wholesale Grocers' Associa- 
tion — W. Goddard. 

Typographical Union — 
Joseph A. Jackson. 

North St. Louis Business Men's Asso- 
ciation — Chas. F. Busche. 

American Institute of Architects — 
Wm. S. Eames. 

Northwest St. Louis Improvement Asso- 
ciation — A. H. Bemis. 

Retail Dry Goods Association — 
Hanford Crawford. 

Retail Furniture Dealers' Association — 
M.J. Mulvihill. 

Retail Grocers' Association — 
T. W. Harris. 

St. Louis Advertising Men's League- 
Harry Meyer. 

St. Louis Credit Men's Association — 
T. C. Norwine. 

St. Louis Electrical Contractors— 
F. B. Adams. 

St. Louis Tenement House Association 
—J. Hal Lynch. 

Walnut Park Improvement Association 
— C. L. Laxton. 

Eleventh Ward Improvement Associa- 
tion — O. T. Remmers. 

Twenty-seventh Ward Improvement As- 
sociation — I. J. Wilson. 

Missouri Retail Merchants' Association 
— A. S. Werremeyer. 

Bar Association of St. Louis — 
Robert Burkham. 

Carondelet Business Men's Association 
— Taylor Stith. 

Interstate Merchants' Association — 
E. E. Evans. 

Retail Jewelers' Association — 
Herman Mauch. 

North St. Louis Citizens' Association — 
James McCallum. 



South Broadway Merchants' Association 
— L. F. Hammer, Jr. 

St. Louis Furniture Board of Trade — 
Geo. C. Deitrich. 

Volunteer Firemen's Association — 
Joseph Boyce. 

St. Louis Laundrymen's Association — 
R. N. Emerson. 

Vernon Heights Association — 
Tom Cannon. 

Bircher Heights Improvement Associa- 
tion — Richard Goodenough. 

St. Louis Shoe Manufacturers' Associa- 
tion — I. H. Sawyer. 

Associated Retailers of St. Louis — 
Fred C. Lake. 

St. Louis Medical Society — 
Dr. C. M. Nicholson. 

Newport Improvement Association — 
J. C. Zentner. 

Twenty-sixth Ward Improvement Asso- 
ciation — William S. McAdam. 

Kingshighway Improvement Associa- 
tion— W. F. A. Jacobs. 

Fountain Park Improvement Associa- 
tion— C. M. Talbert. 

Franklin Avenue Merchants' Associa- 
tion — Leo A. Landau. 

East End Improvement Association — 
J. W. Eltzholtz. 

St. Louis Provident Association — 
W. H. McClain. 

Legion of Honor — Jon E. Gorse. 

Southwestern Mercantile Association — 
N. P. Zimmer. 

The City Improvement Association — 
J. H. Douglass. 

Affiliated Business Men's Association — 
Ben Westhus. 

Wellston Business Men's Association — 
R. C. Woods. 

Tenth Ward Improvement Association — 
O. F. Karbe. 

Twenty-fourth Ward Improvement As- 
sociation — Charles B. Davis. 

St. Louis Paint, Oil and Drug Club— 
A. B. Lambert. 

St. Louis Fruit and Produce Exchange 
— L. Garvey. 

St. Louis Retail Druggists' Association 
— F. V. Johnson. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Chapter 1 — Orgfanization 7 

2 — The Preparations 19 

3 — Church Day 31 

4 — Welcome Day 51 

5-Veiled Prophet Day 69 

6 — Municipal Day 87 

7— Industrial Day 101 

8 — Educational and Historical Day 119 

9— St. Louis Day 139 

10— The Publicity 153 

11 — The Finances 163 

12 — Centennial Editorials 171 

13 — The Visiting Mayors 181 

14— Assets of the Week 187 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

OPPOSITE PAGE 

1 The Arrival of the Torpedo Flotilla 19 

2 The Sunday-Schools in the Coliseum 31 

3 The Catholic Parish Schools on Art Hill 43 

4 The Civic League Banquet to Visiting Mayors 51 

5 Spherical Balloon Races at Aero Club Grounds 59 

6 Balloon Races, Viewed from Observation Cars by Mayors. ... 69 

7 The Motor Boat Division of the Water Pageant 77 

8 The Irma, One of the Prize Winning Motor Boats 87 

9 Laying the Corner-stone of New Municipal Courts 97 

10 i.The Police Review in the Court of Honor 101 

11 The Million Population Club's Float 107 

122^An Airship Above the Crowds on Art Hill 113 

13 : The Ball of all Nations in the Coliseum 119 

14 Fire Department Drill in the Court of Honor 123 

15 Governor Hadley in the Court of Honor 139 

16 The Dedication of Fairground Park 145 

17 One of the Flights of Curtiss on Aviation Field 149 

18 Students in the Educational-Historical Parade 153 

19 The Founding of St. Louis, February, 1764 163 

20 Arrival of Piernas, the First Spanish Governor 171 

21 Raising the American Flag at St. Louis, March 10, 1804 181 

22 The Incorporation of St. Louis in 1809 187 



ORGANIZATION 



THE GET-TOGETHER SPIRIT IN THE PAST 

Solidarity has been a characteristic of St. Louis. It was demonstrated 
in the incorporation just a century ago. It insured the success of the 
Centennial Week of 1909. 

When St. Louis became a town, one hundred and one "taxable inhabi- 
tants" had something to say. The original petition which hangs in the hall 
of the Missouri Historical Society bears the signatures of eighty. The 
witnesses to the signatures, P. Lee and L. A. Beavis, certify that when 
the paper was circulated, eighteen of the "taxable inhabitants" were absent 
from the city. Three, only, refused to sign. 

When the Municipal Assembly, in 1908, declared by resolution for 
a dignified and an appropriate celebration of the centennial of this incor- 
poration, the Mayor invited to conference representatives of the various 
civic organizations. From the first gathering, on the 12th of November, 
1908, to the end of Centennial Week, the movement preserved its char- 
acter; it was representative of the whole community. 

On the 5th of July, 1808, the petition to incorporate was drawn up. 
On the 7th of July, the petition had received the eighty signatures. On 
the 23d of July, the first election in St. Louis was held at the Court House. 
The people assembled to organize the town. They elected five trustees to 
set up tlie new government. These trustees were Auguste Chouteau, 
Bernard Pratte, Edward Hempstead, Pierre Chouteau, Sr., and Alexander 
McNair. Elements of the population of that day were well represented. 
As a corporate body St. Louis started wisely. Auguste Chouteau and Pierre 
Chouteau were of the original settlers. Hempstead was from Connecticut, 
a leader among the New Englanders who were becoming numerous in the 
community. McNair was a Pennsylvanian. The estimate in which 
Hempstead and McNair were held by their fellow townsmen was shown a 
few years later when the former was elected the first Delegate to Congress 
and the latter was chosen the first Governor of Missouri. Bernard Pratte 
was a native of Ste. Genevieve ; he represented the business element which 
thus early recognized that St. Louis was to be the commercial center of the 
new American territory. Without factional differences, with practical 
unanimity, the corporate beginning of St. Louis was made. 

St. Louis has had its local issues from time to time. Individual leaders, 
elements in the population, geographical sections of the city, have 
contended sharply for their ambitions or their respective interests. But, 
from the year of incorporation to the present day, every serious crisis 



8 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

confronting and every momentous proposition appealing have found St. 
Louisans standing together, so closely ranked, so nearly unified, as to make 
the majority irresistible, the minority insignificant. This characteristic 
of St. Louis was eflfective in the World's Fair of 1904 to a degree that 
made the nations marvel. It has met repeatedly situations of gravest 
character. Without the loss of a single life and with the minimum of 
damage to property, St. Louis passed through the railroad riots of 1877, 
so disastrous in other centers of transportation and population. 

The oneness of St. Louis has not been the domination of the few over 
the many, not the control of all others by a single element. Nowhere in the 
United States has there been a more satisfactory relationship between 
the capital and labor of a community than in St. Louis. From the earliest 
times wage earners have found here uniformly good treatment. When 
this was no more than a fur-trading center, labor was better recompensed 
than in other sections. The rate of pay for common service was two livres 
a day. That was about $11.25 ^ month. In the same period, similar 
labor in the American colonies, and later in the American States on the 
Atlantic seaboard, was paid $6.00 a month. The flatboatmen, who ranked 
lowest in the labor scale at St. Louis, were paid not less than $8.00 a 
month. 

Until May, 1840, the working day of St. Louis was "from sun up to 
sunset." Mechanics and laborers, when employed by the day, began as 
the sun rose and stopped as it set. This made a day of varying length. 
In the summer time, when the sun rose very early, an hour from six to 
seven o'clock was allowed for breakfast. The day was broken by a full 
noon hour from twelve to one. This was the custom when the bricklayers 
started a movement to have ten hours made a working day. The 
employers refused to accede. The journeymen stopped work and paraded 
the streets without disturbance. They called a mass meeting in the after- 
noon of May 23d. Members of all trades attended the meeting. By some 
one's happy inspiration, Thornton Grimsley was nominated for chairman. 
He was a manufacturer who had built up a large business, and had found 
time to perform many public duties. If a celebration was to be held, 
Thornton Grimsley was the first one thought of for the committee to 
make the arrangements. He was the grand marshal of more processions 
than any other man of his generation in St. Louis. He was a high officer 
in the military organization of his day. He was responsive to every kind 
of a public call, and he always did the right thing. So when a hard-fisted 
bricklayer moved "that Colonel Thornton Grimsley take the chair," the 
Colonel didn't flinch. He went forward and called for order with as 
much dignity as if he was to preside over a gathering of "our best 
citizens." 



Organisation 9 

The Colonel expressed the sense of the honor he felt upon being called 
upon to be chairman of a mass meeting of journeymen. He told his 
hearers that he would discharge the duties as well as he was able. And 
then Colonel Grimsley proceeded in his own excellent way to solve the 
first labor problem presented to St. I-ouis. He said he wasn't a brick- 
layer, but a maker of saddles and harness ; that he employed many journey- 
men. His hearers might think from that he was not in sympathy with 
such a movement as the mass meeting represented. That would be a mis- 
take, for he believed a ten-hour day was honorable and just. 

"I see many employers of journeymen in other trades before me," 
Colonel Grimsley went on. "If they come into this ten-hour system, they 
may, in some instances, lose a little time of painful toil, but they will be 
rewarded for the sacrifice in better, willing labor, and will enjoy the smiles 
of wives and little children at the early return of their husbands and 
fathers from labor, if they will go and see them." 

Thus Colonel Grimsley talked until he had the sentiment all one way. 
Other employers of labor followed him with expressions of willingness to 
make the concession. Without legislation, without disorder, with a single 
day's strike that was not attended by an unpleasant incident, the ten-hour 
labor day went into effect in St. Louis. 

Of the moral fiber of St. Louisans two impressive illustrations were 
given in widely separated generations. One of these instances was in the 
first half; the other, in the second half of the century. Just before 1850 
the city was afflicted by fire, flood and pestilence. The business center 
was reduced to ashes; an epidemic carried away 5,000 of the population ; 
the rivers flooded the rich bottom farms immediately tributary to the city. 
From various parts of the country came offers of aid. The answer of St. 
Louis was characteristic of that self-reliance which had come down from 
the earliest settlers. In no boastful spirit the authorities expressed con- 
fidence in the ability of the city to take care of its afflicted and to recover 
its prestige. Not a dollar was asked or received from other communities. 
At the same time appreciation for the good will shown was expressed. 

The policy pursued respecting the earlier afflictions was repeated nearly 
fifty years later. When St. Louis was stricken by the cyclone of i8g6, this 
moral fiber of the community showed itself in the message which Mayor 
Cyrus P. Walbridge sent out to the world. St. Louis was grateful for 
the generous tenders of aid, but could and would care for her stricken 
section. The prompt action was wise. St. Louis was not destroyed, as 
the first reports had it. The business of the city was going on. All obli- 
gations of trade could be met. The Mayor's prompt message corrected a 
world-wide impression, which might have done the city incalculable harm. 



10 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

In five weeks of 1832 five per cent of the population of St. Louis died 
of cholera. It was as if in 1909 the deaths from an epidemic disease had 
numbered 35,000 in a little more than a month. The visitation came in 
October. The weather was cool and cloudy. Laborers stopped work 
and stood on the street corners. Business was almost suspended. The 
feeling of depression was general. Men were seen one day and missed 
the next. Those who kept their minds occupied with ordinary afifairs and 
made no changes in the habits of dress and food seemed less liable to 
attack and had the best chance of recovery. The panic stricken, those 
who stopped work, those who doctored themselves with preventives, were 
easy victims. The epidemic of cholera which most severely afflicted St. 
Louis, which brought out the ability of the community to deal with a 
great emergency and which led to permanent measures of protection from 
these visitations was in 1849. The city consisted of 63,000 people. The 
number of deaths from cholera, according to Dr. Engelmann, was 4,317, 
and from other causes 4,000 more. Mortality meant more than decimation. 
It carried off one-eighth of the entire population. St. Louis dealt with 
this unprecedented affliction through a committee of citizens. The move- 
ment to supersede temporarily the city government began with the mass 
meeting on the 25th of June, assembled at the Court House. Leading 
citizens strongly criticised the municipal authorities for inaction. A com- 
mittee of twelve, two from each ward, was appointed to wait upon the 
City Council and to urge quarantine and vigorous remedial measures. 
The City Council could not be found. Many of its members had left 
the city. A sufficient number was induced promptly to return to make a 
quorum. The council met on the afternoon of the day following the mass 
meeting. The committee presented its petition. Without adjourning 
the council passed an ordinance which immediately received the Mayor's 
approval. By this action the city government was virtually suspended 
and the control of afifairs was turned over to the committee of twelve. 
The members of the committee were T. T. Gantt, R. S. Blennerhasset, A. 
B. Chambers, Isaac A. Hedges, James Clemens, Jr., J. M. Field, George 
Collier, L. M. Kennett, Trusten Polk, Lewis Bach, Thomas Gray, and 
Wm. G. Clark. 

The ordinance designated these gentlemen as "the committee of public 
health." It conferred almost absolute power to adopt such regulations 
as the committee should deem necessary. Any violation of the orders of 
the committee was punishable by fine up to $500. The committee of 
twelve was given control of the city during the epidemic. The power to 
fill vacancies was conferred upon the committee. The sum of $50,000 
was appropriated for this emergency government by committee. The 
next day, June 27th, the committee of twelve began the practical campaign 



Organization 11 

against the epidemic. School houses were designated as hospitals. The 
committee appointed an inspector or superintendent for each block in the 
city and ordered a thorough cleansing. These "block inspectors" included 
many of the foremost business and professional men in the city, who 
entered upon their work with vigor and declined to accept any pay. 

On the following Saturday, June 30th, the committee recommended 
"the burning this evening at 8 o'clock, throughout the city of stone coal, 
resinous tar, and sulphur." This was very generally adopted. The local 
newspaper account stated that "in every direction the air was filled with 
dense masses of smoke, serving, as we all hope, to dissipate the foul air 
which has been the cause of so much mortality." The committee 
announced the appointment of Monday, July 2d, to be observed as a day 
of fasting and prayer. This recommendation was generally carried out. 
Sunday, July 1st — between the day of burning and the day of praying — 
did not witness any relaxation of the effort. The block inspectors con- 
tinued their work vigorously all of Sunday. On Monday, the day of 
fasting and prayer, the committee called upon the council to pass an 
ordinance, which was done that very day, establishing quarantine against 
steamboats from the South. The work of the committee went on so 
effectively throughout July that on the first day of August was issued by 
the committee a proclamation declaring the epidemic to be over. The 
accounts were closed, the committee turning back to the city treasury 
$16,000 of the $50,000, resigning their trust, and adjourning sine die. 

No over-speculation, no failure, no dishonest methods at home ever 
have precipitated panic in this city. There have been local bank failures, 
but they were not of such importance as to shake general confidence in 
the financial institutions of the city. There has been individual dis- 
honesty, but so rare and so exceptional as not to disturb faith in the 
honesty of the bankers of St. Louis. No wild wave of speculation ever 
swept over the city. Financial straits have had their beginning elsewhere 
and this community has shared in them through sympathy or through 
circumstances beyond local control. So it was in 1855, when St. Louis' 
financial interests demonstrated, in a manner which deserves to be called 
historic, that they possessed the get-together spirit. Private banks had 
performed no small part in the building of St. Louis. They had supplied 
the facilities which a period of expanding trade demanded. They stood 
close to the business interests. It is difficult to see how St. Louis could 
have gone through the fifteen years before i860 without these private 
banks. Sole dependence upon the one great chartered bank of the State 
would have dwarfed the city's legitimate commerce, would have handi- 
capped enterprise. The bankers of St. Louis in 1855 carried long in vivid 



12 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

memory the 13th of January. The day of the week was Saturday. Page 
& Bacon did not open. Down and up Main and Second and Third streets 
the news spread. It paralyzed business everywhere but in the banking 
houses. Groups collected in front of the tellers' windows. Lucas & 
Simonds cashed checks amounting to $260,000. Louis A. Benoist & Co. 
paid out over $100,000. The Boatmen's Savings disbursed over $100,000. 
J. J. Anderson & Co. and E. W. Clark & Brothers paid out large sums. 
All day, for in those years banking business did not close at noon on 
Saturdays, the houses honored the checks as fast as presented. When 
evening came the vaults of the banks of St. Louis contained $800,000 less 
than in the morning. Monday morning brought restoration of confidence. 
The run stopped. A superb act of financial honor did it. Ten citizens 
whose private fortunes amounted to over $8,000,000 pledged every dollar 
they possessed in support of the credit of the banks. They issued this 
notice bearing their signatures : 

To the Public — The undersigned, knowing and relying on the ample ability 
of the following banking houses in the City of St. Louis, and with a view of 
quieting the public mind in regard to the safety of deposits made with them, hereby 
pledge themselves, and offer as a guarantee their property to make good all deposits 
with either of said banking houses, to-wit : Messrs. Lucas & Simonds, Bogy, 
Miltenbcrger & Co., Tesson & Danjen, L. A. Benoist & Co., John J. Anderson & 
Co., Darby & Barksdale, and Boatmen's Savings Institution. 

John O'Fallon, J. H. Brant, James Harrison, 

Ed. Walsh, L. M. Kennett, Andrew Christy, 

Louis A. La Beaume, D. A. January, Charles P. Chouteau. 

John How, 

The banks opened at the accustomed hour, prepared to meet all 
demands. The excitement subsided as quickly as it had arisen. There 
was some scarcity of money for a week, but no panic. 

Whole-hearted responsiveness to a great emergency St. Louis mani- 
fested in 1844. When the snows melt in the mountains and June rains 
come in the valleys at the same time, the Missouri, the Mississippi and the 
Illinois reach flood stages. The water creeps up the levee slowly. Some- 
times it reaches the line which was the base of the limestone cliff when 
Laclede came to found his settlement. More rarely, once in several years, 
the v/ater comes over the roadway and into the cellars of the warehouses 
on Front street. At much longer intervals the flood covers the first 
floors of the business establishments fronting on the levee and necessitates 
removal of goods. But practically all of the sixty-one square miles of 
St. Louis area is above the highest water mark. The flood of 1844 demon- 
strated the wisdom of Laclede's location of St. Louis. Because there are 
alluvial bottoms on the Illinois side, opposite the city, and because the Mis- 
souri and the Mississippi at their confluence are bordered on the north and 



Organisation 13 

west by a low-lying prairie of great fertility divided into numerous farms, 
St. Louis is a source of flood news. The city proper has never suffered 
seriously 'from high water encroaching upon it. 

The flood of 1844 was greater than any that preceded it from the time 
the first record was made. It began early in June. The Missouri boomed 
gradually, covering the bottoms all of the way through the State of 
Missouri. At the same time the Illinois was swollen by rains. The 
Mississippi spread out into the American bottom. By the i6th the water 
reached the curbstones on Front street and ran into the cellars. Illinois- 
town, the part of East St. Louis nearest to St. Louis, was submerged and 
people moved upstairs in their homes. Steamboats went a mile inland 
on the Illinois side. On the i8th, reports of losses of lives and property 
began to reach St. Louis. Citizens flocked to the levee. They crowded 
the roofs and windows. They stood all day observing the houses and 
barns, the trees, the fences, floating by. Bad news came from the Ameri- 
can bottom. Those who had left the farms and villages early were safe 
in camps on the bluffs. But others, basing hope on previous flood 
experiences, had remained on the higher portions of the great prairie sur- 
rounded by water which hourly cut down the island areas. These were in 
great danger if the flood broke records. The 19th of June found boats 
plying over the prairies and carrying farmers and live stock to the bluffs. 
The 20th of June the river level was three feet and four inches above the 
city directrix ; it was rising on the first floors of Front street. Every 
boat from the Missouri came loaded with refugees. The 21st of June 
brought a higher level and the morning of the 22d the report was "still 
rising." Business was almost suspended in St. Louis, although the city 
itself was in no danger. Measures of relief for the people above and 
across the river engrossed attention. 

The Mayor of St. Louis, Bernard Pratte, called on the river captains 
in port for volunteers. Boat after boat was sent out on relief expeditions. 
They went inland miles over farms where the grain only a week before 
had been ripening for harvest. People were taken out of second-story 
windows of their houses in Brooklyn and Venice and brought over to 
St. Louis. The new tobacco warehouse, the barns, the sheds, were used 
to shelter the hundreds of refugees. The people of St. Louis met at the 
Court House, formed a relief committee and canvassed the city for 
money and supplies. Boats were tendered free for relief service. Crews 
of boats gave their time without compensation. Until the water went 
down and the refugees could return to their homes, the heart of St. Louis 
sustained them. 

In the half century preceding the Civil War, St. Louis was the gate- 
way to the West ; was on the debatable border between the North and the 



14 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

South. The city grew in population, in trade relations, in wealth. Flood, 
fire and pestilence together failed to depress the spirit of this indomitable 
community. In the decade of these visitations a phenomenal percentage 
of growth was made. 

In 1861, St. Louis put the stamp of disapproval upon disunion. Out 
of a few days of political chaos, in which the pavements were spattered 
with the blood of citizens, the community emerged with law and order 
asserted and with civil government restored, not by outside force, but 
through the inherent regard of the people. 

The last third of the century brought a supreme test of the vital powers 
of St. Louis. The city had waxed great and opulent on waterway trans- 
portation. The seal of the municipality was a steamboat. The era of the 
engine on wheels came with rapidity. In two decades rails took the place 
of rivers. No other American city has been called upon to adapt itself 
so quickly to such radical changes in business, in industrial life. St. 
Louis marked time, caught the cadence of the locomotive's whistle, shriller 
than the steamboat's, and moved on with no loss of prestige — to grasp 
the new opportunities. 



THE MOVEMENT TO CELEBRATE 

Decision to celebrate the centennial of the incorporation of St. Louis 
was the result of no sudden impulse. As characteristic as its solidarity is 
the quality of deliberation in the body politic of this city. As early as 
April, 1906, the Million Population Club resolved that the anniversary 
ought not to pass without proper public recognition and appointed a com- 
mittee to consider what should be done. The newspapers of the city 
strongly advocated celebration. Early in 1908, the movement gained 
considerable strength. The Civic League, at its annual meeting, was 
called upon by the president, H. N. Davis, to take action. This met with 
response. Several conferences were held with members of other organi- 
zations. In May, 1908, the Million Population Club took further steps 
and appointed a committee, with Frank Gaiennie as chairman, "to invite 
other organizations to appoint like committees to join with the Million 
Population Club to provide a plan for the celebration of the centennial of 
the incorporation of St. Louis." This invitation was sent out to all other 
organizations. In the summer of 1908, a committee prepared a memorial 
which was presented to Mayor Wells, calling attention to the coming 
one hundredth anniversary and suggesting that it should be observed in 
an appropriate manner. This committee was composed of W. K. Bixby, 
president of the Historical Society ; H. N. Davis, president, and Mayo 
Fesler, secretary of the Civic League. 



Organization 15 

The Mayor communicated the memorial to the Municipal Assembly. 
The result was the adoption of the following by the Council and the House 
of Delegates : 

Whereas, The attention of the Municipal Assembly has been called to the fact 
that November 9, 1909, will mark the one hundredth anniversary of the incorpora- 
tion of St. Louis as a town ; and, 

Whereas, This event in the city's history should be officially recognized and 
appropriately observed by a celebration participated in by all of our citizens; there- 
fore, be it 

Resolved, By the Council, the House concurring therein, that a committee of 
three from each house of the Municipal Assembly be appointed and that His Honor, 
the Mayor, be requested to call a meeting of the presidents of all of the business, 
civic and professional organizations of the city to meet with the joint committee 
of the Municipal Assembly to arrange a plan for a dignified and an appropriate 
celebration of this important event. 

The joint committee was appointed as follows : Council — W. A. 
Moellman, Mark Ewing, F. Ernest Cramer ; House of Delegates — Charles 
Troll, James T. Brennan, Matthew J. Tobin. 

On the I2th of November, 1908, Mayor Wells called to order in his 
office at the City Hall the gathering assembled in accordance with the 
resolution of the Municipal Assembly. After a discussion of some length, 
the following, offered by H. N. Davis, was adopted : 

Whereas, An appropriate celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the 
incorporation of St. Louis is desirable both for civic and commercial reasons. 

Resolved, That the chairman be requested to appoint a committee of seven, 
consisting of a representative from each house of the Municipal Assembly and five 
other citizens to draft a plan of organization, to submit a list of nominations for 
the offices suggested in the plan, to outline the scope of the celebration, and to call 
a meeting of this body as soon as the report is ready to be submitted. 

Under the authority of this resolution, Chairman Ewing appointed the 
committee of seven, as follows : 

Saunders Norvell, chairman. Council. 

John J. O'Brien, House of Delegates. 

Walter B. Douglas, Missouri Historical Society. 

Pierre Chouteau, Civic League. 

Edward Devoy, Merchants' Exchange. 

John H. Gundlach, North St. Louis Business Men's Association. 

Walter B. Stevens, Secretary, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

On the 2d of February the representatives of the business, civic and 
professional organizations were called together again by Mayor Wells to 
receive the report of the committee of seven. The chairman, Mr. Norvell, 
prefaced the reading of the report with the statement that it was the 



IQ St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

unanimous action of the committee. The report was adopted by the meet- 
ing. It was as follows : 
Hon. Mark Ewing, Chairman: 

The committee of seven, consisting of one representative of each house of the 
Municipal Assembly and five other citizens, beg to submit the following report : 

The resolution adopted by this body instructed the committee "to draft a plan 
of organization, to submit a list of nominations for the officers suggested in the 
plan and to outline the scope of the celebration." The commiUee recommends the 
following plan of organization and submits the nominations : 

The organization shall be composed of representatives of the executive and 
legislative branches of the municipal government and of one member from each of 
the business, civic and professional incorporated organizations of the City of St. 
Louis, and of one member from each of such other organizations as the association 
may from time to time invite to join. 

The Mayor of the city shall be president e.K-ofiicio. 

The President of the Council and the Speaker of the House of Delegates shall 
be vice-presidents ex-officio. 

The executive committee of not more than twenty-five members shall consist of 
George D. Markham, chairman, three members of the Council and three members 
of the House of Delegates, and the presidents (or such member of his organization 
as any president may appoint to represent him) of the following organizations : 
The Business Men's League, The Manufacturers' Association, 

The Merchants' Exchange, The Real Estate Exchange, 

The Public School Board, The Aero Club, 

The Missouri Historical Society, The Building Trades' Council, 

The Civic League, The Central Trades and Labor Union, 

The Million Population Club, The Cotton Exchange, 

and such other persons as those designated above may select to complete the mem- 
bership of the executive committee to twenty-five. 

A committee of members shall be selected by the executive committee, not 

limited to membership of the association, to take charge and have supervision of 
each of the principal features included in the programme of the celebration, these 
committees to be appointed with the approval of the Mayor of the city and of the 
association. . . 

The name of the organization shall be the St. Louis Centennial Association. 1 he 
occasion shall be designated Centennial Week. 

The committee has held several meetings and has considered at some length the 
scope of "a dignified and an appropriate celebration" of the one hundredth anniver- 
sary of the incorporation of St. Louis. The committee feels that the subject is too 
important for hurried conclusions; that it belongs to the ofhcers and executive 
committee, and that it should go to them without any attempt of this committee to 
anticipate their action. S. NORVELL, Chairman. 

The first meeting of the executive committee provided for in the plan 
of organization was held at the Mayor's office on the i8th of February. 
Upon calling the committee to order, Mr. Markham said that, without 
attempting to bind the other members, he had agreed to accept the chair- 
manship upon the condition that Mr. Saunders Norvell would accept the 



Organisation 1'' 

vice-chairmanship and assume the duties of the position at such times as 
the chairman might be absent from the city. The committee elected Mr. 
Norvell, vice-chairman. W. C. Connett, .secretary to the Mayor, who had 
performed the duties of secretary at the previous meetings, was elected 
acting secretary of the committee. A committee to prepare rules of order 
was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Wenneker, Garneau and Scharff, 
Mr. Stevens being requested to sit with this committee. A committee 
of three, consisting of Messrs. Miller, Smith and Senter, was appointed to 
report the appropriate dates for the celebration. A legislative committee, 
consisting of the president of the Council, the three members of the Coun- 
cil, the speaker of the House of Delegates and the three delegates, was 
appointed to consult with the legal department of the city upon the draft 
of a bill making appropriation for the expenses of the celebration. 

At the next meeting of the executive committee the committee on time 
of celebration recommended the first full week of October, which was 
unanimously approved. The secretary was instructed to address a letter 
to all business, civic and professional organizations in the city inviting 
them to join the St. Louis Centennial Association and to designate their 
representatives to attend meetings of the association. The committee 
elected as honorary secretaries Walter B. Stevens, secretary Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition ; Mayo Fesler, secretary Civic League ; William F. 
Saunders, secretary Business Men's League ; George H. Morgan, secretary 
Merchants' Exchange. 

The first week in May found the offices of the Centennial Association 
established upon the second floor of the Mercantile Club. Not only was 
this privilege accorded without any charge whatever for six months, but 
rooms were assigned for the many meetings of the committees with like 
liberality. The advantages thus secured for the work of the Centennial 
Association were such as no other location could have ofifered. 



THE PREPARATIONS 



EVOLUTION OF THE PROGRAM 

The committee on program, with James E. Smith, chairman, was 
announced at the meeting of the executive committee on the 4th of iVIarch. 
Other members of the committee were : Charles P. Senter, E. E. Scharff, 
William F. Saunders, Walter B. Stevens, Mayo Easier and George W. 
Simmons. Details of the program were considered at each succeeding 
meeting of the executive committee until April 27th. On that date a 
meeting of the St. Louis Centennial Association was held, and the revised 
program was submitted and approved. This approval of the association 
was given "subject to such changes as may be found necessary by the 
executive committee." It is noteworthy that the program underwent few 
important changes. 

The fixed policy of the executive committee adhered to throughout 
was to place as few restrictions as possible upon the sight-seeing public. 
Money-making through charges for admission was discountenanced. The 
Coliseum was rented for six days and nights under the following agree- 
ment : 

The Coliseum is to be used by the Centennial Association for the following 
purpose, and no other, namely : A series of entertainments and functions under 
the auspices of the Executive Committee of the St. Louis Centennial Association, 
or with its consent and approval, under other auspices, all such entertainments 
and functions, however, to refer to and to be appropriate of the St. Louis Cen- 
tennial Celebration. 

Upon the recommendation of the program committee, the Coliseum 
was tendered, free of rent, to the Civic League for Monday night, to the 
Business Men's League for Wednesday night ; to the Million Population 
Club for Thursday night ; to the Missouri Manufacturers' Association for 
Saturday night. The executive committee, having secured the Symphony 
Orchestra of St. Louis for the four evenings, contributed the musical por- 
tions of the several programs. The arrangement for the joint entertain- 
ment in the Coliseum Friday night by the German-American Alliance 
Association and the Symphony Orchestra was a modification of that with 
the other organizations. The executive committee gave the use of the 
Coliseum and $500 toward the music, a public-spirited committee, headed 
by Edward L. Preetorius, taking charge of details. 



20 St. Louis One Hundred Ycai's in a Week 

Tuesday of Centennial Week was excepted from tlie rental of the 
Coliseum and the engagement of the Symphony Orchestra by the executive 
committee. The Veiled Prophet was not interfered with. By an arrange- 
ment mutually satisfactory the Centennial Association obtained courtesies 
for the visiting Mayors and their wives and for other distinguished guests 
of the week in the way of invitations to the ball and of accompanying 
souvenirs. 

The Coliseum, when prepared for Centennial Week, made its best appearance. 
Never before had the interior been decorated so elaborately and so artistically. 
The purple and orange of the Veiled Prophet were conspicuous. In nook and 
corner, crevice and turn was seen the pretty blending of the American colors with 
those of His Majesty. Intermingled in places best chosen to bring out the 
chromatic harmony were the green and white colors of the St. Louis Horse Show 
Association. The general scheme was dominated by red, white and blue in appar- 
ently endless yards of bunting and innumerable rosettes, draperies, flouncings 
and edges. 

Many hundreds of small incandescent lights in every color of the rainbow, 
served to light up the great interior, and also accentuated the colors radiantly. 
These variously colored lights were hung from sections of the interior arches. 
Scores of arc hghts also added to the beauty of the decorations as a whole. 

The railings of the boxes were covered with bright red plush. Clustered above 
the boxes and on the facings beneath the gallery were alternating festoons of 
red and gold, and purple and gold. Above the boxes, upon the facings of the first 
balcony, were large rosettes of red. white and blue, and red, orange and purple. 
Between these rosettes were the flags of the Veiled Prophet, to the front of which 
had been placed the shield of the United States. From the girders the Prophet's 
banners, a new feature, showing the dragon and the initials "V. P." in contrasting 
colors on alternating backgrounds of orange, red and purple, were hung with the 
American eagle and the shield of the United States interspersed in the scheme. 
The front of the lower tier of boxes was draped with bunting, with stands of 
draped Centennial and Veiled Prophet's colors at each section. 

Over the Washington avenue entrance the huge bandstand had been erected. 
The rare acoustics of the building enabled the Symphony Orchestra to flood the 
hall with music. 

The most expert decorators in the city expressed the opinion that the interior 
of the Coliseum presented the most attractive and artistic scheme of color deco- 
ration ever seen in St. Louis. 

The committee in charge of the Coliseum throughout Centennial Week was 
composed of: 

Guy E. Goltermann, Chairman. 

Col. John A. Laird, Member Board of Police Commissioners. 

Geo. P. Jones, Member Board of Police Commissioners. 

Chas. E. Swingley, Member Fire Department. 

James A. Smith, Commissioner of Public Buildings. 

Henry C. Henley, Member St. Louis Fire Prevention Bureau. 



The Preparations 21 

THE COURT OF HONOR 

One of the most striking and most successful features of Centennial 
Week, an innovation upon former celebrations, was the Court of Honor. 
It was designed by W. D. Crowell, with Mauran & Russell, architects. 
Leaving conventional lines Mr. Crowell carried out a general scheme of 
construction, taking into consideration the width of the street and the 
buildings fronting thereon. He made a Court of Honor, which was 
artistically beautiful and structurally comfortable, at the same time giving 
abundant space for the movement of the parades. The Court of Honor 
occupied Twelfth street from Olive street to Washington avenue. 

Two large grandstands were built at the corners of Olive and Twelfth streets, 
extending 226 feet to the corners of Locust street. Two other, but smaller, grand- 
stands, seventy-five feet long, were erected at the corners of Twelfth street and 
Washington avenue. One large and one small stand were on each side of the street. 

Between the large and small stands were two large and eight small pilasters 
on each side of Twelfth street, forming the main court. At the end of each stand 
was a large pilaster, and behind the largest stand there were nine small pilasters. 
Six small pilasters rose from behind each of the smaller grandstands. All pilasters 
were surmounted by tapering flagstaffs, the smaller ones ten and the larger ones 
twenty feet high. To each of these a large American flag was unfurled, the size 
of which was in proportion to the height of the pilaster. 

Just below the large flags there were six smaller American flags, arranged in 
rosette style. On the front of these were American shields, surmounted by the 
American eagle. The rosettes on the smaller poles had the St. Louis round 
shields. The background was of blue, the statue of St. Louis, in bas-relief, in white. 
The inscription encircling the statue, "St. Louis to the Front, Centennial, 1909," 
was in white. 

The large pilasters had ten-foot bases, two feet high. Coming out of the 
base was the column, twelve inches square and running eight feet high. From the 
center of this the flagpole projected. The smaller pilasters had six-foot bases, 
and heights in proportion. 

The genera! scheme of decorations throughout the whole Court of Honor 
was red, white and blue, the national colors, adopted by the Centennial Associa- 
tion. Between the flagpoles, festoons of red, white, blue and orange pennants, 
eighteen inches long and six inches wide, made the effect more artistic. The 
national colors were used in ornamenting the grandstands and the pilasters. Only 
white bunting was used. This furnished the main background for grandstand 
and pilaster. Baseboards and trimmings were six inches wide and painted red. 
No blue was used on the pilasters. The proportion of that color in the flags and 
shields furnished the desired effect. 

The large grandstand on the west side of Twelfth Street was the visiting- 
Mayors' stand. In the center of this was a small inclosure for Mayor Kreismann 
and six guests. Opposite was another large stand which was used by the general 
public. Season tickets in this stand were $2.50, and single admission was $1.00. 
All receipts went into the general Centennial fund. The two small stands also 
were used by the general public at the same prices. The entire seating capacity 
of the four stands was 3,000. 



22 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Each of the four daylight parades and the Veiled Prophet pageant passed through 
the Court of Honor. All stands were open to the general public free of charge 
at night. A band played from seven to eleven. George D. Markham, chairman 
of the executive committee, instructed Owen Miller, chairman of the music com- 
mittee, to have the band play several dance numbers each night, making it possible 
for those who wished to do so, to dance in the Court of Honor. 

The committee on the Court of Honor, on illumination and on decorations was 
composed of: 

Chas. P. Senter, Chairman. 

Frank Gaiennie Tom W. Bennett, J. C. Travilla, Herman Spoehrer, 

Chas. A. Stix, H. L. Jones, Wm. M. Dixon, C. L. Holman. 

Robert McCulloch, W. D. Crowell, 



THE CITY IN CENTENNIAL ATTIRE 

For the one hundredth corporate birthday St. Louis was dressed as 
never before. From office buildings, banks, stores, hotels, newspaper 
offices and theaters the decorations fluttered. 

In addition to the Veiled Prophet's colors of royal purple, white and gold, the 
national colors, red, white and blue, which were, officially, the Centennial colors, 
and the red and white colors of the torpedo flotilla, were displayed. 

Some of the thoroughfares which presented the gayest appearance were Wash- 
ington Avenue from Fourth Street to Eighteenth, Broadway from Franklin Avenue 
to Elm Street, Sixth Street from Franklin Avenue to Market Street, Olive Street 
west from Fourth, and Locust Street between Third and Twelfth. 

The Washington Avenue district was especially attractive with immense streamers 
and flags. One flag at Eighth Street, suspended from a flagpole, extended from the 
top of the fifth floor to the first floor. A building on Sixth Street was decorated 
with thirty-one oil paintings of all the mayors of St. Louis, including Mayor 
Kreismann. On each picture was stated the time of each mayor's rule. One of 
the retail dry goods stores included in its decorations two scenes depicting the 
frozen North, accompanied by pictures of explorers. Another dry goods store 
presented a picture of the new 14-foot Mississippi channel. 

Numerous mottoes, such as "St. Louis to the Front," were also displayed. The 
cost of the decorations was conservatively estimated at $100,000. More than 
1,000,000 yards of bunting alone, costing about $50,000, had been used. 



THE FIRST ILLUMINATION OF ST. LOUIS 

From St. Louis was sent the ammunition with which Jackson deci- 
mated the ranks of Pakenham. St. Louis and the Gazette celebrated that 
victory with enthusiasm increased by the material contribution to it. 

In November, 1809, this notice appeared in the Gazette, informing the 
St. Louis public of the inauguration of a new industry : 

John N. Maclot having completed the erection of his shot-tower at Herculaneum 
— the first in the West — gives notice to his friends and the public that he will 
manufacture lead into drop-shot on reasonable terms. 



The Preparations 23 

More than half a century after this announcement, the scaflfolding of 
the tower still projected over the edge of the limestone cliff. Travelers 
on the boats approaching or leaving St. Louis were told the story of the 
early enterprise. John Nicholas Maclot was from Metz. He was in 
Paris just before the French Revolution. Suspected of republican senti- 
ments he suffered imprisonment in the Bastile. When released he came 
to this country. After some mercantile experience in Philadelphia, he 
came to St. Louis with a stock of goods in 1804, the year of American 
occupation. The opportunity to make shot appealed to his inventive mind 
and he went down to Herculaneum, a new settlement which Moses Austin, 
the Connecticut pioneer, was establishing. Austin was working the lead 
mines at Potosi. He proposed to make Herculaneum on the river the 
shipping point for the mines. Just below the town was a very high and 
an overhanging cliff. To Maclot the conditions suggested a shot-tower 
with the altitude provided by nature. About all that was needed was to 
build on the edge of the cliff the place to melt and drop, with the proper 
receptacle at the base. 

This was the first shot-making establishment west of Pittsburg. 
Malcot continued his manufacture some years. He dropped from the 
Herculaneum cliff the lead which made buckshot and bullets for the war 
of 1812. When the Battle of New Orleans was fought on the 8th of 
January, 1815, Maclot was there. He got off a letter to Mr. Cabanne, in 
St. Louis. This was what he wrote : 

The enemy have re-embarked, leaving their wounded and prisoners. They 
landed 9,966 men. After the action, 1,906 were missing in the next morning's report. 
They acknowledge a loss in the various engagements of over 3,600. Their total 
loss may be put down at 4,000. 

Mr. Cabanne carried the letter to Colonel Charless. The Gazette 
came out with the glorious news. That night St. Louis illuminated. At 
least one candle burned in every window of the town "in honor of the 
brilliant success of the American arms at New Orleans," as Colonel 
Charless put it. 

FROM CANDLES TO ELECTROLIERS 

The Centennial illumination proved to be one of the most attractive 
night features of the week. On the evening of Welcome Day, it was esti- 
mated that 75,000 people viewed the new lights on Broadway. Visitors 
from the East pronounced Broadway the best lighted street in the United 
States. The crowds were good natured; there was no rowdyism, no 
unseemly indulgence in carnival spirit. 

From Washington Avenue to Elm Street the thoroughfare presented the most 
attractive appearance in its history. The system represented an outlay of $10,000, 



24 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

the expense being borne by property owners, members of the City Improvement 
Association, of which the officers were: Lawrence B. Pierce, president; Dan C. 
Nugent and Samuel M. Kennard, vice-presidents, and George E. Hoffman, treasurer. 
The new lamps put in by the Downtown Lighting Association on Tviielfth 
Street from Washington Avenue to Market Street, and on Fourth Street from 
Washington Avenue to Market Street, were lighted later, as also were the new 
lamps on Olive, Sixth and Eighth Streets. The officers of the Downtown Lighting 
Association were: Tom W. Bennett, president; Dan C. Nugent, vice-president, 
and Thomas H. West, Jr., treasurer. 

. This illumination of Broadway gave the people their first comprehensive idea 
of the plan of down-town lighting to be carried out by the association of property 
owners with the city. So bright was the light and so great was the improvement 
over the old system that adjacent streets seemed dark in comparison. The incan- 
descents circling the tower and clock of the City Hall, together with the big 
"Welcome" signs over the Market and Twelfth Street entrances, gave to that 
structure a new character for architectural beauty and impressiveness. 

The work of providing Broadway's light was undertaken, as stated, by the 
City Improvement Association. Ornamental metal electroliers with three pendant 
arc lamps stood 50 to 60 feet apart. The success of the new lighting system was to 
be credited in a large measure to the personal efforts of the lighting committee of 
the City Improvement Association. Goodman King was chairman of the committee. 
The Downtown Lighting Association, which undertook to give every business 
street in the territory bounded by Fourth Street, Washington Avenue, Twelfth 
and Market streets, a uniform illumination, decided to follow the pattern set by the 
City Improvement Association with the triple-light electroliers. To obtain this 
splendid illumination the down-town property owners subscribed $30,000 to pay 
for the ornamental posts. The Union Electric Light and Power Co. furnished the 
lamps and installed them; the city paid for the current. 



MUSICAL INNOVATIONS OF CENTENNIAL WEEK 

III tlie matter of music, the experience of the Centennial Association 
was so satisfactory that mention of details is deemed fitting. The music 
committee was composed of : 

Owen Miller, Chairman. 
Chas. F. Wenneker E. V. P. Schneiderhahn John B. O'Meara 

Hanford Crawford Frank Gaiennie E. A. Noonan 

Alfred G. Robyn Franklin L. Ridgely A. W. Douglas 

Chas. Kunkel Ben Westhus Oliver F. Richards 

In the budget, the sum of $10,000 was set apart for music. Although 
the demands upon the music committee were enlarged as the scope of the 
celebration expanded, they were met with but very small increase above the 
original estimate. Music was supplied on the most liberal scale for the 
great parades, for four night functions at the Coliseum, for open air con- 
certs in the Court of Honor and for the water pageant and the automobile 
procession. 



The Preparations 25 

One of the innovations adopted in respect to music was the employment of 
bands of fifty pieces. The purpose was to have one half of the double band playing 
while the other half rested, and the full strength playing while passing reviewing 
stands and the more prominent localities. 

At no time was there the slightest friction between civil and military bands. 
When the possibility of such antagonism was suggested in a newspaper communi- 
cation, Owen Miller, chairman of the music committee, made a statement to the 
executive committee. He said in most emphatic terms that the civilian musicians 
had not the slightest objection to the regular military taking part in any public 
function accompanied by their bands. On the contrary, the civilian musicians most 
cordially welcomed such participation ; it was only when enlisted bands, which were 
fully provided for, were permitted to enter a competitive field, and by their com- 
petition prevent the civilian musician from earning a livelihood that objection was 
raised. Every fair-minded person, Mr. Miller, said, would concede that it would 
be altogether unfair to permit men, who were provided with everything free, 
to compete against men who had none of these advantages, but must furnish 
themselves with everything needed from their earnings. 

On the 8th of September, the music committee submitted contracts for the 
parade bands. The following were selected as the leaders of the bands in the 
Industrial Parade : 

Chas. Seymour, Chas. Vollrath, J. Bohacek, J. H. Bau«r, 

Noe! Pocpping, Hy. Falkenhainer, David Bittner, Julius Streit. 

Wm. Kaltenthaler, J. Vrana, Americus Bafunno, 

The following were selected for the Historical Parade: 

Noel Poepping, Chas. Vollrath, J. Bohacek, 

Chas. Seymour, Wm. Kaltenthaler, H. Falkenhainer. 

From the appropriation of $10,000, the music committee furnished the Symphony 
Orchestra for the reception tendered by the Civic League in the Coliseum; Wednes- 
day, for the Business Men's League; Thursday, for the Million Population Club; 
Saturday for the Get-Together Banquet. 

One of the features early recommended by the program committee for Centennial 
Week was a concert the numbers of which to be noted compositions by St. Louisans. 
This was carried out by the Symphony Orchestra on Friday night. The scores 
were arranged with much care under the supervision of the music committee. After 
Centennial Week they were deposited with the Historical Society. 

In accordance with the policy to afford the public the maximum of free enter- 
tainment, much consideration was given to the arrangement of the programs for 
the open-air concerts in the Court of Honor. The bands played at such hours, 
day and night, as not to interfere with the parades. One of the programs is given : 

1. Overture, The Flying Dutchman Wagner 

2. Waltz, "Under the Rose" Blanke 

3. (a) "Hearts and Flowers" Tobani 

(b) Rag, "Poison Ivy" Ingraham 

4. Music from the new musical comedy, Marcelle Luders 

Introducing "The Volunteers," "Kalamazoo," "Once in Awhile," "A Lesson in 
Love," "Forget It," "My Little Lamb," "The Message of the Red, Red Rose," 
finale act I. 

5. "Pride of the Prairie" and "Mandy Lane" (popular music). 

Extra — "Dixie Land" Haines. 

6. Overture, Poet and Peasant Suppe 



26 St, Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

INTERMISSION. 

7. Excerpts from The Three Twins Karl Hoschne 

Introducing opening chorus, "Hypnotic Waltz," **Boo-boo, Tee-hee," "Little Miss 
Up-to-Date," "The Little Girl Up There," "Yama-Yama Man," "Good Night, 
Sweetheart, Good Night," "Cuddle Up a Little Closer," "Lovey, Mine," opening 
act I. 

8. Sounds from The Newly weds (musical comedy). 

Containing opening act I, "Every Baby Is a Sweet Bouquet," "Loving Time," 
"Sleepy Land," "The Latest Sensation in Girl's," "The Boogie Boo," "Can't 
You See I Love You?" and "Napoleon." 

9. Echoes of Metropolitan Opera House. 

10. Popular Music from The Merry Widow Leha 

11. "Daisies Won't Tell" A. Owen 

12. "Meet Me in Rose Time, Rosie" Jerome and Schwartz 

Introducing "None of Them's Got Anything on Me." 



HISTORICAL SITES MARKED WITH TABLETS 

The historical committee under the direction of the chairman, Walter 
B. Douglas, vice-president of the Historical Society, selected twenty his- 
toric sites which were marked by tablets of temporary construction, with 
appropriate inscriptions for the information of citizens and visitors. 

The inscriptions explained why the locality had been chosen for marking. 
Among the locations Judge Douglas selected were : 

Site of house where Constitutional Convention of 182 1 was held, northeast corner of 
Third and Vine streets. 

Home of Judge William C. Carr, southeast corner of Main and Spruce streets, the first 
brick dwelling-house west of the Mississippi River. Built in 1815. 

Colonel Thomas F. Riddick's home, built in 1818. West side of Fourth street near Plum 
street. ■■ - - ; | 

Site of Fort San Carlos. Built by the Spanish in 1794. Southern Hotel. 

Site of Robidoux bouse, where the first newspaper, The Missouri Gacette, was printed in 
1808, northwest corner of Second and Market streets. 

Government House, where transfer of Upper Louisiana to the United States was made, 
March 10, 1804. 

Home of Madame Chouteau, where Governor St. Ange died, December 26, 177 A- 

Dent house, where Grant and Miss Dent were married, August 22, 1848, southeast corner 
of Fourth and Cerre streets. 

Home of Pierre Chouteau, west side of Main street between Vine street and Washington 
avenue. 

Home of Laclede, and later of Auguste Chouteau, west side of Main street between 
Market and Walnut streets, the first stone structure erected in St. Louis. 

John F. Darby's house, Third National Bank Building. 

Home of Wilson Price Hunt, leader of the Astoria Overland Expedition, west side of 
Seventh street between Olive and Locust streets. 

Home of Gabriel Cerre, the patriot who financed George Rogers Clark, northeast comer 
of Main and Vine streets. 

Home of Jean Baptiste Trudeau, the first school-master, east side of Main street between 
Chestnut and Market streets. 

Home of Doctor Antoine Saugrain, the first St. Louis scientist, west side of Second street 
between Mulberry and Lombard streets. 

Home of Judge Jean B. C. Lucas, northwest corner of Seventh and Market streets. 

Home of Manuel Lisa, the fur trader, Second and Spruce streets. 

Home of Bartholomew Berthold, northwest corner of Broadway and Pine street, where 
Confederate flag was raised in January, 1861. 

Home of Governor Alexander McNair, first Governor of Missouri, northwest corner of 
Main and Spruce streets. 

Home of Thomas H. Benton, northeast comer of Fourth street and Washington avenue. 



The Preparations — 37 

MAKING READY THE PARADES 

The several pageants of Centennial Week were formed with close 
attention to detail and carried through with splendid precision. These 
results were achieved by months of study and planning. 

From early in May to the October day of fruition, Mr. Wenneker's committee 
worked upon the Industrial parade. When growing interest on the part of manu- 
facturers and merchants threatened to overwhelm the committee with applications 
for place, censors were chosen. Every design not considered up to the desired 
standard for floats was rejected. This policy, in the end, produced a trade pageant 
the like of which had never before been seen in the West. 

The educational and historical committees were engaged nearly four months 
upon the details of their parade. They labored not for numbers or magnitude, but 
for comprehensive and effective representation. And so it was that the several 
divisions passing down the Court of Honor did not tire the spectators by monotony, 
but were viewed with rising enthusiasm as they recalled the military record and life 
of St. Louis ; as they revealed the variety and flower of the educational institutions, 
as they illustrated the great events in the evolution of the city down to the incor- 
poration. 

Early in June the e.xecutive committee gave consideration to the problem of 
moving the parades. By reason of his proven fitness for the duties, Colonel E. J. 
Spencer was chosen grand marshal of Centennial Week. Thenceforward, as the 
educational, historical and automobile committees, having charge of parades, reached 
conclusions in respect to composition of columns and routes of marching, the 
arrangement of details, the orders for assembling and for moving, the instructions 
to marshals and aides were left to Colonel Spencer. 

For the first time in the history of St. Louis the streets in the routes of parades 
were roped. Wire cables were stretched along the curbs. Police were detailed 
to hold spectators upon the sidewalks. This innovation was in the main respected 
by the throngs. It enabled more people to view the parades with satisfaction 
than if they had crowded into the streets. Col. John A. Laird, President of the 
Police Board, strongly recommended this proposition and assured cooperation by 
the police to carry it out. 

The last word of Grand Marshal Spencer, following the weeks of careful prepara- 
tion and organization, were : 

The grand marshal wishes to impress upon all aids, division marshals and organization 
commanders that the success of the Centennial week parades and their prompt, continuous 
and sequent movement depends upon a ready, intelligent and exact compliance with the several 
orders covering instructions for each parade. 

Copies of all orders issued have been furnished to all in the above class, and have been 
given very full and gratifying publicity by the daily press. 

All units, whether floats, carriages, automobiles or individuals, to the end of providing a 
spectacle worthy of the City of St. Louis and instructive and interesting to our guests, are 
expected to extend ready and immediate support to any marshal or aid in the execution of these 
orders; and for the honor of the city all who are not willingly subject to such direction are 
requested to refrain from entering any of the Centennial parades. 
By order of Grand Marshal Spencer. 

NELSON G. EDWARDS, 
Official: Chief of Staff. 

WM. W. HOXTON, 

Adjutant-General. 



28 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

THE TORPEDO FLOTILLA 

Presence in the St. Louis harbor of the largest representation from 
the United States Navy up to that time was a notable part of the national 
share in the celebration. It was brought about by correspondence, which 
began in June. With the approval of the executive committee, Chairman 
Markham addressed the request to the Secretary of the Navy. He also 
wrote to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, Mr. Nagel ; to the St. 
Louis Congressmen, Messrs. Bartholdt, Coudrey and Gill, asking their 
co-operation. The result was a prompt and favorable response from 
Secretary Meyer. 

The United States Navy was represented at the St. Louis Centennial celebration 
by four vessels. The flagship of this Centennial fleet was the torpedo-boat destroyer 
Macdonough, Lieutenant Willis G. Mitchell commanding. The other ships of the 
fleet were the torpedo boat Thornton, Lieutenant Charles A. Blakeley commanding; 
the torpedo boat Tingey, Ensign C. Nixon commanding; and the torpedo boat 
Wilkes, Ensign George C. Pegram commanding. 

This Centennial fleet did not leave St. Louis immediately after the Centen- 
nial celebration, but remained to become part of President Taft's fleet on the 
Mississippi River inspection trip which culminated in the Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep 
Waterway convention at New Orleans. These vessels made the voyage up the 
Mississippi on schedule time and returned in accordance with a prearranged 
program. They demonstrated the possibilities of successful inland navigation at a 
season when low water was supposed to be almost prohibitive. 

The formal arrival of the torpedo flotilla in the St. Louis harbor was the official 
prelude to the opening of Centennial Week. .'\t a few minutes past 13 m., Satur- 
day, October 2d, the harbor boat Erastus Wells, carrying the Mayor of St. Louis, 
many city officials and the fifteen members of the Naval Reception Committee, all 
together about 200 people, steamed down the river to meet and to escort the flotilla 
from the anchorage opposite the Century Boat Club. The river front along the 
course was thronged with people. The Eads bridge was occupied by many more. 
Newspaper accounts estimated the number who witnessed this entry into the 
St. Louis harbor by the flotilla at 100,000 persons. Every steamboat, tug, loco- 
motive and factory greeted the coming with noisy welcome on the whistles. 

On board the destroyer Macdonough and on the other three torpedo boats of 
the flotilla, at half a minute before i p. m., the men of the crews then on deck 
fixed their eyes on the bridge. A steersman raised his hand. The quartermaster 
placed his hand on the leader of the clapper of the ship's bell. One bell — i o'clock — 
was sounded. Then, from the lookout on the bridge : "The harbor boat is sighted, 
sir, two miles up the river." The word was passed aft and telephoned below. 
Lieutenant Mitchell, on the bridge, instructed the deck-watch officer: "Have the 
crew man the starb'rd side as the Wells passes." 

In a few minutes the harbor boat was abreast the Macdonough. Captain 
Thomas Garrison, from the hurricane deck of the Wells, shouted to Lieutenant 
Mitchell : "We will 'round the stern of the last boat of your line and come up 
on the starb'rd." "Pass the word 'weigh anchor,' " said Lieutenant Mitchell. 
The word was passed on the Macdonough. Signals conveying the same word were 
wig-wagged. The anchors of the four boats were hauled from the bottom of the 



The Preparations 29 

river, weighed and catted. Before they had been hauled on deck the one set 
of engines in each of the boats had been started, and the propellers were slowly 
churning the water, just enough to keep headway until the Wells should take her 
place at the head of the line. It was 1 :20 when the word was telephoned from 
the bridges of the torpedo boats to "slip along at lo." 

"The last short leg of a long trip," remarked Lieutenant Mitchell, when the 
flotilla was well under way. "We'll be glad to tie in and stay as long as the 
stage of water will let us." When opposite the foot of Chouteau avenue the word 
came down from the bridge : "Man starb'rd guns for salute." Two guns were 
manned, three men to a gun. A bell from below announced that the ammunition 
hoists were working. Several boxes were dumped on the deck. Opposite the 
foot of Chestnut street, amid the din of the whistles, and when thousands of voices 
shouted and thousands of arms waved handkerchiefs and flags, the chief gunner's 
mate on the Macdonough ordered : "Load, one, two, fire !" The national salute 
of twenty-one guns was on. It took about two minutes to fire the salute. Between 
the discharge of the first and second salute the colors were run up to the mainmast 
and broken to the breeze. Officers and men doffed their caps. The Macdonough 
was almost under the Eads bridge when the salute was finished. 

At a point north of the Eads bridge and opposite the Union Electric Light plant, 
the Erastus Wells left the column and came in close to the Illinois shore. The 
flotilla, headed by the Macdonough, turned within a circle of 200 yards and again 
passed under the bridge. In this short run to anchorage, the boats "hit it up a bit," 
and swung into the wharfboats and barges provided for them, much as a launch 
runs to a landing. Not more than five minutes was required to make them fast 
and snug. Ten minutes later companionways were open and visitors were received 
aboard. 

Mayor Kreismann's party included the Mayor, Comptroller Taussig, Robert Burkham and 
Charles Cheney, secretary and assistant secretary to the Mayor; Water Commissioner Adkins, 
Sewer Commissioner Fardwell, Street Commissioner Travilla, Park Commissioner Scanlan, 
Harbor and Wharf Commissioner Whyte, Register Witter, Treasurer Quick, Supply Com- 
missioner Boyce, President Gundlach of the Council, Speaker Rombauer of the House of 
Delegates, and many members of the Council and the House of Delegates. 

Others on board who were the guests of Mayor Kreismann and the Naval Reception Committee 
were Col. E. J. Spencer of the First Regiment, Missouri National Guard, who was grand 
marshal of the Centennial Week parades; Capt. W. W. Hoxton, adjutant-general of the parades; 
Mrs. Thomas Maffitt, Miss Julia Maffitt, Miss Lucille Chouteau, Mrs. E. A. Nixon, Mrs. F. H. 
Kreismann, J. L. Humphrey, Mrs. Taussig, C. J. McLaren, George W. Fryhofer, William 
Fisher, James Drummond. Miss Helen Nixon, Mrs. W. E. Crane, Misses Eloise and Gertrude 
McLean, Miss Margaret Johnston, Miss Lucille McDonald, Mrs. J. C. Van Riper, Miss Van 
Riper, Miss Adelaide Walker, Charles C. Nichols. William Desmond, former Chief of 
Detectives, and W. S. Reynolds, former Chief of Police of Colorado Springs. 

The Erastus Wells tied up after the flotilla had made fast at the Lee Line dock. 
Mayor Kreismann, heads of municipal departments and guests came ashore. At 
the Mercantile Club a luncheon was given. J. Savage Bates, of the Naval Recep- 
tion Committee, introduced the officers of the flotilla to the members of the Naval 
and Centennial Reception Committee. In the absence of Chairman David R. 
Francis of the Centennial Reception Committee, Edward F. Goltra, vice-chairman of 
the same committee, welcomed the officers. 

To Lieutenant Mitchell, Mayor Kreismann said: "Lieutenant W. G. Mitchell, 
and the officers and men of your fleet, the city is yours. Welcome to St. Louis." 

Lieutenant Mitchell replied to Mayor Kreismann's welcome : "On behalf of the 
United States Navy, the officers and the men of the fleet, I thank you for the 



30 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

proffered hospitality. We need it — officers and men — and I hope we shall enjoy it 
to the full." 

Members of the Naval Reception Committee and those accompanying them on the Erastus Wells 
were J. S. Bates, E. A. Nixon, F. L. Ridgley, Harry Elliott, W. W. McLeod, J. C. Van Riper, 
Harry Hay ward, Lieutenant Commander E. E. Watson, of the local U. S. recruiting station; 
Dexter Tiffany, Jr., Judge Matthew G. Reynolds, P. Von Schrader, Charles Wall, Theodore 
Hunt and Sidney Bixby. 

There was something going on every day of the Centennial Week for the officers 
and jackies of the torpedo flotilla. The officers were included with the guests of 
honor at the Veiled Prophet Ball. Non-commissioned officers and jackies were 
guests of honor at the Ball of All Nations. The officers participated with the 
Mayors in the reviewing of the several pageants at the Court of Honor. The 
seamen formed a conspicuous feature in the military division of the pageant on 
Friday. 

At the end of Centennial Week the records showed that more than 100,000 
visitors had been received on board and had been shown about the torpedo boats. 
There were many hours during the week when it was utterly impossible to 
accommodate those desiring to come on board. For considerable periods of time 
as many as 20,000 people stood waiting to be admitted. On one day the pressure 
became so great that, for the safety of those in the crowd, the police were com- 
pelled to resort to severe measures. A line of hose was run from the city wharfboat 
and water was turned upon the crowd to keep it back. "We hated to do it, and if 
there had been any other way of driving back the crowd we would not have done 
it," said the officer of the watch. "We could not handle that throng; we could 
not let them come aboard; we could not place ourselves and the Navy Depart- 
ment in the position of being responsible for what might have happened had 
the crowd been turned loose and allowed to fight its way aboard the ships. It 
came hard, but we had to do it." 

At other times the police were compelled to call for reinforcements to prevent 
injury on account of the crowding. Much of the fresh paint which had been 
applied while the torpedo flotilla was anchored off the foot of Elwood street 
preparatory to the entry into the City of St. Louis, was worn off during the week. 
Not a single serious accident occurred on or near the flotilla. 

As an educational feature, particularly to students of engineering and naviga- 
tion, the flotilla had been second only to the air craft on Aviation Field in Forest 
Park. 

The reception of the torpedo flotilla and the entertainment of officers and men 
were placed in charge of a committee composed as follows : 
Capt. John S. Bates, Chairman, 
Lt.-Com. E. E. Watson, Harry Hayward, F. L. Ridgely, J. C. Van Riper, 

Dexter Tiffany, Matt G. Reynolds, F. Von Schrader, Nelson McLeod. 



CHURCH DAY 



Sunday, October 3d. 

PLANNING AN APPROPRIATE FIRST DAY 

The decision to begin Centennial Week with religious features was 
reached early in the movement. At a meeting of the executive committee 
in February the suggestion was offered that the celebration begin on 
Sunday. At the meeting of March 4th, the following communications 
were received: 

St. Louis Evangelical Alliance, 

February 22d, 1909. 
Chairman Centennial Committee: 

Dear Sir — At the meeting of the St. Louis Evangelical Alliance this 
morning, the following resolution, presented by Dr. J. Layton Mauze, of 
the Central Presbyterian Church, was very heartily adopted : 

"Resolved, That this Alliance request the Committee on Arrangements 
for the centennial celebration of the founding of the City of St. Louis 
to begin the proposed festival week on a Sunday, with thanksgiving 
services in all the churches of the city." 

We most respectfully ask that you give the request due consideration, 
and any suggestions that your committee may have I shall be glad to 
bring same before the Alliance. Very cordially, 

(Signed) S. E. Ewing, Secretary. 

Centennial Week Committee, St. Louis. 

Gentlemen — The idea of making the Sunday immediately before your 
celebration a day of special thanksgiving appears to me to be quite com- 
mendable and altogether in line with the name and traditions of our city. 

Respectfully, 
(Signed) John J. Glennon, 

Archbishop of St. Louis. 

Upon the reading of these letters, the Executive Committee unanimously voted 
that the Centennial Week be opened on Sunday, October 3d, with special thanks- 
giving services, and that all of the churches of the city be invited to join in the 
observance. With the same unanimity, Samuel Cupples and W. J. Kinsella were 
asked to take charge of Church Day, as chairman and vice-chairman, respectively. 
They consented, after consultation with the chairman of the Executive Committee, 
Mr. Markham, and in June entered actively upon the preparations which made 
Church Day second to none, in significance and interest, of Centennial Week. 
Following several conferences, in which the clergy representing various denomina- 
tions participated, an address was issued : 

St. Louis, July I, 1909. 
Dear Sir — During the week of October, 3-9, this year, will be celebrated in a 
dignified and fitting manner the one hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of 
St. Louis. The observance of the anniversary will begin upon Sunday, October 3. 



32 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Our hope is to make Church Day one of the most notable days in the religious history 
of our city. Church Day should inaugurate the celebration upon a high plane. It 
offers the occasion for a timely review of our religious development as a com- 
munity during the one hundred years. 

The desire of the Chiirch Day Committee is to obtain the most general observance 
possible of the day by all religious organizations. The committee requests that each 
denomination or organization will arrange its own programme for the observance of 
the day. The committee suggests as among appropriate forms of observance the 
following: 

The ringing of all church bells in a grand chorus at sunrise, upon a signal to be 
given by all of the fire bells of the city; to be followed by ringing of chimes. 

Services at the usual morning hours in each of the churches, with sermons and 
addresses of historical character as may seem best to each pastor. The sermons and 
addresses will bring out much of historical interest about the individual churches and 
about the religious growth of the city, worthy of publication and preservation. 

Uniformed organizations, military and fraternal, may quite properly proceed in 
organized bodies from their armories and halls, to such churches as may be selected, 
to attend religious exercises. 

In every philanthropic institution of the city assemblies of officers and inmates 
to hear addresses upon the history of the respective institutions, together with recol- 
lections of the men and women who created or endowed or were specially prominent 
in the development of such institution. 

Some of the older churches may desire to hold commemorative exercises in the 
afternoon at the original sites of their places of worship on down-town streets. 
Such exercises might consist of brief historical addresses by laymen, the older mem- 
bers of these congregations, songs of thanksgiving and possibly unveiling of historical 
tablets to mark some of these early locations of churches. 

The evening may be occupied with song and reunion services, at which former 
pastors and members now resident elsewhere may be welcomed. The parent churches 
may invite to these evening meetings the congregations formed from them. 

The Committee on Church Day offers the above by way of suggestion in the 
hope that the observance of the day may receive early consideration by all denomina- 
tions. The committee requests that, at the earliest practicable date, the pastors send 
to the Centennial Association the programmes which their churches will observe, in 
order that the fullest publicity may be given. 

COMMITTEE ON CHURCH DAY, 
Samuel Cupples, Chairman, 
W. J. Kinsella, Vice-Chairman. 

In commemoration of the Centennial, the Right Reverend Daniel Sylvester 
Tuttle, Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri, issued a special prayer which was used 
in all of the Episcopal churches of the city. The Centennial prayer was: 

Almighty and Everlasting God, in whom we live and move and have our being, 
and in whose sight a thousand years are as one day, we yield thee thanks and 
praise for the century of existence of our loved city, St. Louis. In thy good 
providence thou hast graciously ordered her birth and strengthened her growth, and, 
spite of some afflictions and disasters, hast visited her with health, wealth and 
prosperity. 

Accept, we pray thee, the humble and fervent thanks which we would render for 
thy merciful goodness and vouchsafe to incline our hearts and move our wills that 
we may embody and outwork the thanks in lives of obedience before thee and of 
service through thy Holy Spirit while we are permitted in patience and in hope to 
walk on toward that other city not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 

Continue, we beseech thee, Almighty God, the abundance of thy favor and the 
bountifulness of thy grace to our country, our State, our city, our schools and 
our homes, that peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety may 
be the blessings of our present experience and everlasting life, our inheritance in the 
world to come, tlirough the merits and mercies of Jesus Christ, thine only Son, our 
Lord. Amen. 



Church Day 33 

Archbishop Glennon, in giving endorsement to the observance of Church Day, 
addressed the parish priests as follows : 

The City of St. Louis has set apart the week of October 3 to 9, to celebrate the 
Centennial anniversary of its foundation. 

The programme suggested for the week is largely of a civic character, secular in its 
nature, as the event is also a secular affair. It is, however, proper to give to this civic 
affair a religious setting, and especially is it opportune since the Centennial Com- 
mittee is most anxious to have the religious character of the city in evidence on this 
occasion. But it is especially becoming that our Catholic people should in every way 
in their power aid in making this event, not only a great civic, but religious success, 
for it was by Catholics that the city itself was founded; and before and after that 
historic event Catholicism has been identified with its growth and progress. The very 
name the city bears suggests its Catholic origin, and the honor given to St. Louis for 
all years of the city's history is evidence of the devotion of the people to their 
well-beloved patron. 



MORNING 



THE DAWN OF CENTENNIAL WEEK 

Full and strong the note of religions sentiment was struck for the 
opening of Centennial Week. The official signal was given at 5 :59 
Sunda}' morning by the blasts of the whistle on the city harbor boat. From 
the Chain of Rocks to the River Des Peres, from the edge of the Mis- 
sissippi to Skinker road, the bells rang out with whistles accompaniment. 
As the first grand chorus of greeting died away, the chimes took up the 
solos in the form of familiar hymns. At the early masses, in the Sunday 
schools, for the morning sermons, the spirit was the Centennial. 

With the First Regiment, National Guard of Missouri, before him, 
Rev. Dr. William C. Bitting preached in the Second Baptist Church the 
morning of Church Day. 

The subject was "The City's Real Keeper." The regiment, in full dress uniform, 
after stacking arms in front, marched into the church promptly at 11 o'clock. The 
soldiers filled the middle section. The staff and field officers, with Col. E. J. Spencer 
at their head, had seats of honor. Dr. Bitting is the chaplain of the regiment, in 
which his son is a lieutenant. He faced a congregation that completely filled the 
auditorium, as he announced his text from Psalms cxxvii, i : "Except the Lord 
keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain." 

He introduced his sermon by saying that it was well for St, Louisans to celebrate 
their centennial, because it not only gave renown to the city, but fostered civic 
pride and promoted study of its progress. He then brought out the rapid progress 
of American civilization, adding that incorporated St. Louis was 21 years old when 
railway cars were first run on tracks, and 42 years old when the first railroad 
reached the city. He said, in part: 

God is the constructive force and conserving energy of all of tliese marvelous 
enterprises of our day. Our own modern thinking does not find God in the extra- 
ordinary, but in the ordinary. He works quietly through human hands and human 
brains. Except Jehovah keep our city, our police force and other conserving 
organizations are in vain. 



34 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Geography is the determinative force of every great city, and God is the author 
of all geography. St. Louis providentially is located near the confluence of the 
Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. She is here strategically, because God has planted 
the little vine at the confluence, and St. Louis must return eventually to the use 
of the mighty waterways for purposes of transportation. 

One hundred years ago the population here was about 1,400, and the total taxes 
amounted to $529.68; today there are many before me in this house paying more 
taxes than the whole city did them. God has everything to do with the keeping of 
our city. In the hearts of good men he keeps the city in all its intellectual and 
moral progress. Dollars will keep no city; they cause men to forget morals by breed- 
ing greed or abuse. No greater curse can come to any city than the unmoral or 
demoralized use of wealth. What makes for civic stability, if not our good men 
and good relations between good men? Our city is kept by moral force alone. 
Good men are the salt of our city, and give to every enterprise stability and 
security. 

The regiitient, 500 strong, marched from the Armory, Grand and Manchester 
avenues, by way of Grand avenue, Lindell boulevard and Kingshighway. On the 
vfay the soldiers saluted former Mayor Rolla Wells and Mayor Kreismann, who 
chanced to pass. On the return march from the church Mayor Kreismann stood on 
the steps of his home, 4362 McPherson avenue, and saluted each company and 
its officers as they presented "eyes right," a military tribute to the city's chief 
magistrate. The regimental band played stirring hymns, such as "Onward, Chris- 
tian Soldiers," and "Holy, Holy, Holy." All along the route, especially on Lindell 
boulevard and McPherson avenue, the residents came to doors and windows. Many 
had cameras, and scores of pictures were snapped of the First Regiment on Church 
Day. 



AT THE OLD CATHEDRAL 

Civic sentiment was combined with religious worship in tlie Centennial 
ceremony at the Old Cathedral. Among those who occupied front pews 
at the opening of the services were the Mayor of the city, Frederick H. 
Kreismann, the Vice-Chairman of Church Day, W. J. Kinsella ; David R. 
Francis, Park Commissioner Philip C. Scanlan and John F. Lee. 

Solemn pontifical high mass was celebrated by Bishop J. J. Hennessey, who was 
reared in the parish. Bishop Hennessey was assisted by Rev. P. W. Tallon, assistant 
priest, Rev. J. J. Tannrath, deacon, and Rev. T. J. O'Connor, sub-deacon. 

Students of Kenrick Seminary were masters of ceremony. The Archbishop 
was attended by Fathers O. J. S. Hoog and J. A. Connolly, Vicars-General of the 
diocese. The deacons of honor to Bishop Hennessey were Doctor Ryan, president 
of Kenrick Seminary, and Father Lilly, of the seminary. 

The mass was sung by the seminary male choir in Gregorian chant, led by Paul 
Streth. The music program opened with an organ prelude by Mrs. Regina M. 
Carlin. The grand pontifical hymn was sung by the Cathedral choir. 

Two sermons were delivered, the first in French by Doctor C. M. Souvay, a 
theological scholar of the diocese and member of the seminary faculty, and the 
other in English by Archbishop John J. Glennon. 

Doctor Souvay reviewed the early French history of the city and emphasized 
the religious and commercial debt which St. Louis owed to the French pioneers. 



Church Day 35 

The address of the Archbishop was in large part historical Just tribute was 
paid to the pioneers of St. Louis. The progress of the century was analyzed. 
Archbishop Glennon said : 

We have reason to rejoice, for these hundred years show a record of progress, 
both material and spiritual, that is little short of the marvelous. In the building of 
that volume of progress we must think of those who made this city, and who set 
into it the spirit that it has ever since exhibited. It is now more than 200 years 
since this valley was explored, the trail of trade set through its forests and the 
marking thereof blazed on the trees by those who were pioneers of the West. 
They were Frenchmen, some who came from the bayous of the South to battle upward 
against the onflowing waters of the Mississippi ; some who came from the trackless 
forests of Canada and swept through the savannahs of the West to rest here for 
awhile by the Father of Waters. 

There was in the lives of these early pioneers the spirit of adventure, the love of 
the wild nature that encompassed them, and a reckless disregard for human life. 
They had a heart for any fate and a face for any foe. These pioneers of adventure 
and trade, however, came not alone. With the pioneer who came for trade and 
money came the black robe to preach the gospel and to save the pioneer himself 
and the Indian tribes with whom he traded. 

The fault, if fault it be, of many American cities is their dull sameness. They 
live and grow just as others do. House is added to house, enterprise to enterprise, 
street to street, in the same monotonous succession, and all we can say of them is, 
"how fast the growth and how large the city." But of this city of ours can it be 
said not alone how fast it grows and how large it is, but also that its life stands 
individualized among the cities of America, with a history and a spirit all its own; 
and for the beginning of all this we are indebted to the Frenchman trader and 
missionary, the spirit of one, the sacrifice of the other and the union of both in 
the lives of those who benefited by their ministration. 

That the representatives of the cross of Christ came here as soon, if not sooner, 
than the representatives of the crown of France is evident from the names of the 
cities here in the valley, for as you sail along the Father of Waters you feel as 
if you were reciting the litany of the saints — St. Mary, Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis» 
St. Paul. 

And as a second and no less important element in this city's upbuilding, and in 
the giving it that flavor and form that marks it among the cities of the West, it 
must he remembered that not only had you the chivalry and courage of the French- 
man and the devotion and sacrifice of the missionary, but you had what came nearer, 
perhaps, to the soul of the city and its inner life; you had, naqjely, the refinement, 
the gentleness and the charity of the women of France. 

While the trader traded and the pioneer wandered, while the missionary went 
forth from camp to camp and tribe to tribe, there dwelt in homes that here were 
builded, however humble they might be, the wives and daughters of the pioneers who 
brought with them all the glory, all the civilization, all the Christianity of old France. 
So that from the very earliest days this city became a center where social culture, 
refinement of manners, benevolence, charity and faith found a home. Even at this 
later day, when several generations have come and gone, that influence is far from 
being spent. It remains still to sweeten the lives and to bless the homes of the 
majority of our people. 

But this city of ours is no longer a French city. During the century that has 
elapsed there came to it the people from Kentucky and Virginia, who could compete 
with the Frenchman in his chivalry, and the people from New England, who could 
more than compete with the Frenchman in his trade. And after and with these came 
the Irish, and after and with the Irish came the German, Slav and Italian. 

How these various races came, and how they worked since their coming are 
matters of such recent history that I may be excused if I fail to recite them. Their 
coming, however, their gradual absorption in the city's life, and their fusion one 
with another, produced the city which we see today, a city wherein there is oppor- 
tunity for honest men to live and work, wherein there is opportunity for homes 
to be builded in peace and virtue, where there is found a citizenship strangely with- 
out prejudice inherited or acquired, where their test of citizenship is devotion to 
the city, as their test of faith is their devotion to the truth. 



36 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

If our thought be directed to locality today, I do believe that of all the places to 
be remembered, the place most fitted and opportune to commence this celebration is 
where we here and now celebrate, for it was in this very spot the first church of St. 
Louis was built. It was on this place that the solitary church of St. Louis stood a 
hundred years ago, and from that day unto this it has been the center whence the 
religion of France, the religion of two-thirds of Christendom has grown, developed 
and reached outward into all this Western land. 

It was on the first of August, 1831, that Bishop Rosati blessed and laid the 
corner-stone of this edifice, the future cathedral of St. Louis, and this was the fourth 
church builded on this same site since the year 1770. And on the 26th of October, 
1834, Rt. Rev. Joseph Rosati, bishop of St. Louis, consecrated with all possible 
solemnities the new cathedral of St. Louis, which solemnity was honored by the 
presence of Rt. Rev. Benedict Flaget, bishop of Bardstown; of Rt. Rev. J. R. Purcell, 
bishop of Cincinnati, and of Rt. Rev. Simon Brute, bishop-elect of Vincennes, Ind., 
and of many priests, secular and regular. 

Today the spiritual domain created, fostered and developed from this center con- 
tains five ecclesiastical provinces outside of this one of St. Louis proper, six 
archbishops, twenty-five bishops, representing so many dioceses, and a vast army of the 
clergy and faithful too numerous to record, who. in the Valley of the Mississippi, and 
even to the mountain tops of the West, proclaim the faith of St. Louis, defend 
the standard of Christ. While here in the City of St. Louis proper, from this one 
church a hundred years ago there are now in the Catholic faith eighty-two parish 
churches and sixty-five parish schools, with a long train of educational institutions, 
both of primary and secondary education to answer to the spiritual and intellectual 
needs of all the children. 

A hundred years ago there was charity undoubtedly exhibited in the lives of the 
pioneers, but today that charity has a home, not alone in the hearts of the descendants 
of the pioneers; it has established itself ever where, so that from hill to hill, where 
the pagan mounds stood in the days of old, the charity of St. Louis is evidenced 
by the great structures erected where a home is offered the wanderer, and there is 
balm for the sick and wounded, and there are prayers and burial for the dead; 
where the foundling taken from the street, orphan in its earliest days, finds gentle 
hands to regard it. and where the poor and aged at the end of their life's journey 
find the same gentle hand to lead them on to God; where none need to be orphaned 
of heart, as Byron told of the Roman beyond the seas; for here are those who would 
be parents and would spread over the little ones the mantle of faith and the spirit 
of Our Father who is in heaven. 

So may St. Louis grow in faith, in charity and prosperity. As in the past, may 
her future years be still more blessed under the protection of Our Father in the 
invocation of and the spirit of our good St. Louis. 



THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF ST. LOUIS 

**The Ministry of Religion in St. Louis" was the subject of the Cen- 
tennial sermon by Rev. Dr. S. J. Niccolls at the Second Presbyterian 
Church. With the exception of Dr. M. Rhodes, of St. Mark's Evangelical 
Lutheran Church, Dr. Niccolls had held his pastorate longer than any 
other minister in St. Louis. 

His text was "Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it; 
except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain." Dr. Niccolls 
spoke as follows : 

One hundred years ago the great march for the conquest of the West was in its 
beginning. A prophetic ear might have heard the tramp of innumerable feet, pro- 
claiming the advance of an army recruited from all lands and people, and a prophetic 
vision could have seen the transformation of a vast wilderness into fruitful fields and 
cities and towns springing up as if called into being by an enchanter's wand. There 



Church Day 37 

were, indeed, among the adventurous pioneers those who predicted the coming great- 
ness in terms of florid rhetoric, and dreamers who dreamed of a mighty empire in 
the Valley of the Mississippi, but none of them anticipated the glorious reality which 
now confronts our vision. At that period the vast region west of the Mississippi 
had just been transferred from the sovereignty of France to that of the United States, 
and its untold wealth in soil, forests, mountains and hillside was attracting adven- 
turous emigrants as a lodestone does steel. 

The gateway into this new region was the village of St. Louis, planted by 
Chouteau and Laclede in 1764- For wellnigh half a century it had been a trading 
post, a rendezvous for hunters and traders, with no promise of future greatness. 
But destiny had marked it as a pivotal point in the future, and the time had now 
come when it was to be the center of new, mighty and transforming activities. 

It cannot be said of primitive St. Louis, in 1809, that its prevailing code of morals 
was of a high order. It had all the characteristics of a frontier town. Adventurers 
of all sorts were attracted to it, and the vices of the times were more in evidence 
than the exalting virtues of society. 

Sabbath desecration, gambling, drunkenness, dissipation, lawlessness and ignorance 
were prevalent. Col. Stoddard, who was the representative of the government at the 
time of the transfer of the territory, says in his report; "The native French are 
extremely deficient in education; multitudes of them can neither read nor write their 
names. The American population are still more deficient in their schools, and this 
necessarily arises from their dispersed conditions." 

There is also the testimony of Stephen Hempstead, concerning the moral and 
spiritual condition of the people, given in a letter written in 1812. It was sent in 
reply to a letter from Rev. S. T. Mills, who had been sent out by the Missionary 
Society of Massachusetts and Connecticut on an exploring tour, and who was then 
at Massac, near Shawneetown, 111. Mr. Mills made inquiries concerning the possi- 
bilities of missionary labors to St. Louis. In his reply Mr. Hempstead, after mention- 
ing the abounding immorality and irreligion, says; "I have made it my daily business 
to converse with prominent and leading heads of families on the necessity there is 
to have stated and regular worship in the place. There were none but expressed a 
desire to have it, if a clergyman of regular order (Congregationalist or Presbyterian 
would be preferred, one of good moral character and profession and abilities) could 
be obtained." 

In 1816, Rev. Salmon Giddings, the first settled Protestant minister in St. Louis, 
and the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, wrote : 

"Little attention has been paid to education, and not more than one in five can 
read. The state of moral feeling and the tone of piety is low throughout the country." 

It was, indeed, high time that the leaven of the gospel, with its quickening and 
elevating power, should be placed in the gathering meal. It required no prophetic 
vision to declare what the future of the new city and the outlying territory would 
have been without it. Previous to the annexation the prevailing type of religion had 
been that of the Roman Catholic Church. Its zealous and self-denying missionaries 
had gone with the early voyagers and pioneers and founded churches from the 
Great Lakes to New Orleans. In scores of settlements in the Western wilderness 
the symbol of our salvation had been lifted up. Catholicism was the established 
religion of the country. No other form of worship was allowed under the Spanish 
and French rule. The reading and circulation of the Bible was forbidden. Indeed, 
some Bibles distributed by the American Bible Society were burned by priestly orders 
on the soil of Missouri. Happily, the days of religious intolerance, which then 
affected more or less all branches of the church, have gone by. 

The Roman Catholic Church, always conservative, has, in spite of its cherished 
traditions, been moved by the spirit of progress and has become a most important 
factor in the civilization of the West. In this city it has greatly multiplied its 
churches, schools, hospitals and asylums. Its leaders have been godly men of broad, 
statesmenlike vision, who have administered the affairs of their branch of the 
church with marked discretion and success; and its members are among our fore- 
most citizens in seeking the highest welfare of our city. It occupies a most influential 
position in the religious and social affairs of the city, and the history of its progress 
furnishes a most instructive chapter ift the story of the development of the great 
Valley of the Mississippi. But I leave to those more familiar with it the full recital 



38 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

of its progress, although venturing the prediction that before another hundred years 
have gone by the relations between the different branches of the Christian Church 
will be much more intimate than they now are. 

I turn now to what, to say the least, has been equally important in the growth 
of the city, the entrance and development of Protestant Christianity. 

The first emigrants to the newly acquired territory were chiefly of the Protestant 
faith. It was estimated that as early as 1812 there were 1,000 faniilies who were 
Presbyterians in the territory; but, as they were widely scattered, there was no 
organization among them. The first missionary preachers were of the Baptist and 
Methodist churches. Following them came the Presbyterians, who had four or five 
preachers and a number of small churches in the territory as early as 1815; but 
up to this date there was no organized Protestant Church in St. Louis. 

On April 6, 1816, Rev. Salmon Giddings crossed the river after a journey of 
over twelve months from New England, and on the next day preached to a small 
congregation, his first sermon. He found the city without a Protestant minister, and 
himself an unwelcome herald of the Gospel. Rumors had been circulated unfavor- 
able to him. An article entitled "Caution" had appeared in the Missouri Gazette of 
that day, warning the people against him, and declaring that he was an emissary of 
the famous Hartford Convention; but, unmoved by the report and with that quiet 
persistence which characterized his subsequent ministry, he began his work. He was 
a consecrated man of blameless life, sterling common sense, patient, persevering and 
of indomitable will. He was ceaseless in his activities, preaching not only in the 
city, but in the outlying settlements. The first church organized by him was at 
Belleview settlement, in Washington County ; the second at Bonhomme, October 16, 
1S16. 

In St. Louis he started a school, from which he supported himself in his ministry. 
On November 23, 18 17, he organized the First Presbyterian Church, the first 
Protestant church in St. Louis. At its organization it consisted of nine members, 
and its two male members, Stephen Hempstead and Thomas Osborn, were chosen 
ruling elders. 

On December i8th, of the same year, the Presbytery of Missouri was organized 
in St. Louis by the authority of the Synod of Tennessee. Its territory was wide 
enough, for it included all that part of the United States west of the meridian line, 
drawn across the Cumberland River. There were but four members of the presbytery 
— Salmon Giddings, Timothy Flint, Thomas Donnell and John Matthews. 

At that time there was no resident minister in the State of Illinois, and the total 
membership of the presbytery did not exceed 200. Yet from this feeble beginning, 
there grew twenty-nine presbyteries and three great synods, including a membership 
of more than 180,000 persons. 

The first church under the care of Rev. Giddings grew slowly, but steadily. 
Through his efforts the first house for Protestant worship was erected on the corner 
of St. Charles and Fourth streets. The lot selected was then in the extreme western 
limits of the city, and the price paid for it was $327. In the fall of 1818 a public 
meeting was called, of which Thomas H. Benton was the secretary, to take measures 
for the erection of a building. Through strenuous efforts and by collections in the 
East, the sum of $6,000 was secured, and a plain wooden building was erected, which 
served as a place of worship until 183 8. A noted pioneer minister, Rev. John 
Leighton, D. D., who came to Missouri, in 1836, thus describes it: 

"My first impression was of surprise that the good people of the church should 
have located their place of worship away beyond the town and outside of the 
population. I glanced to the west and the south, and beyond the unpaved street 
on which I stood. I could see little but an unreclaimed flat, covered with stagnant 
water, with here and there a clump of brush. Here, thought I, is another proof that 
Presbyterians are the 'Lord's foolish people,* for the sake of a cheap lot, building 
their church where few of their neighbors would care to follow them. The house 
itself was a very unpretending one, inferior to many of the wooden churches we now 
have in the rural districts, and was surmounted by a belfry not unlike what we see 
upon factories. That house subsequently underwent changes within and without, 
which were thought to be elegant improvements befitting the condition of the little 
town. The pulpit was brought down from its perch midway beween the ceiling and 
floor; and the roof was crowned with what in courtesy was called a steeple. But 



Church Day 39 

while the church was a very unpretending building when I first saw it, we must 
not infer that the worshipers within it were all plain, unpretending folk. 

"Just about one year from that time, in the spring of 1837, the following scene 
might have been witnessed: On a Sabbath morning a lady, dressed in heavy silk, 
advanced up the street, having behind her a train of extraordinary length. This 
appendage was supported and borne by two colored boys, one hand of each holding 
up the train, and the other hand of each carrying this one a fan, and that one a 
hymn book. When the door of the church was reached the train was dropped, the 
fan and the book were passed to the hands of the lady, and the pages went their 
way.*' 

The growth of the Presbyterian Church in the city can be readily traced by the 
number of new organizations increasing year by year. In 1832 St. Louis claimed 
to have a population of 7,000. Allowing for Western boasting, it had probably 6,000. 
In that year a second church, under the ministry of Rev. Dr. Hatfield, was organized, 
through a colony from the First Church. This organization was subsequently dis- 
solved and its members returned to the mother church. 

In the same year, 1832, the Synod of Missouri was organized in the First Church 
of this city. It was the year of the great plague, the visitation of cholera, which 
brought death and lamentation to so many homes. The death rate was over twenty 
each day. The ministers present at the organization of the synod remained in the 
city, preaching daily the offers and consolation of the Gospel, and as a result there 
was a widespread revival of religion, which left a permanent effect upon the moral 
and spiritual life of the city. 

In 1838 the present Second Church was organized by a colony from the First 
Church, and Rev. William S. Potts, D. D., was called to be its first pastor. From 
this time on the number of churches increased rapidly with the increasing growth 
of the city. My limited time forbids even a mention of their origin, location and 
names. It is enough now to say that the present number of all branches of the 
Presbyterian Church, including missions in the city, is fifty-three, distributed as 
follows: Presbyterian Church, United States of America, thirty-eight; Presbyterian 
Church, United States, seven; United Presbyterian Church, four; Reformed Pres- 
byterian Church, three; Cumberland Presbyterian Church, one. 

But, while the Presbyterian Church represents numerically the largest of the 
divisions of Protestantism, it is very far from including the chief religious forces 
that have wrought for the advancement of the city. The Baptist Church began its 
labors in the territory while it was yet a Spanish province, but its first church in 
St. Louis was organized on February 18, 1818. The Methodist circuit riders were 
engaged in their self-denying labors in the new territory as early as i8ro, and in 
1820 the first Methodist Church was organized in St. Louis. The first Episcopal 
Church was organized in 1819. Out of this organization Christ Church has grown. 
The first United Presbyterian Church in St. Louis was ' organized in 1840, and there 
are now four churches of that order in the city. 

In St. Louis there is a large and influential part of our citizens speaking the 
German language and using it in their public worship. The first Protestant Church 
among them was the German Evangelical Church of the Holy Ghost. It was 
organized in 1834, and became the nucleus of the Evangelical Synod of the West, 
which has churches throughout the United States. 

In 1838 a body of Lutherans who had been bitterly persecuted by the Government 
of Saxony, sought refuge and liberty in the United States, and came to make their 
home in this city. They established the first Lutheran Church, adhering to the 
Augsberg confession. Their growth was rapid, and they have now a large number 
of strong and influential churches in the city. The Concordia College and Theo- 
logical Seminary, a large printing house, and a number of hospitals and asylums are 
in connection with this denomination. Lutheran churches belonging to the different 
synods represented in this city have had a powerful and widespread influence in the 
nurture of the religious life of the large German population in our midst. Their 
testimony for evangelical truth has been strong and clear, and their method of 
religious instruction in training children second to none. Difference in language, 
more than any doctrinal disagreements, has kept them from close affiliation with the 
English-speaking churches, and for this reason many among us are unaware alike of 
their large numbers and their power for good. 



40 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The Christians or Disciples of Christ, formerly known as Campbellites, from their 
renowned leader, Alexander Campbell, began their labors in St. Louis in 1842, holding 
their services for worshipers in private houses. Very soon a church of twenty-seven 
members was organized, and from it has sprung a large number of thriving churches 
of that denomination in our midst. 

Although many of the early settlers were from New England, the land of Congre- 
gationalism, no churches of that order were organized until the year 1852. The First 
Congregational Church of this city was an offshoot from the Third Presbyterian 
Church. 

In 1847 Rev. Truman Post came to this city as pastor of the Third Presbyterian 
Church, with which he remained four years. At the request of several leading 
citizens. Dr. Post preached on January 11, 1852, a discourse on Congregationalism. 
The result of this was the organization, on March 14, 1852, of the First Congrega- 
tional Church, of which Dr. Post became the pastor. This position he held until his 
resignation in June, 1882. He was a man of illustrious character, whose life and 
ministry left a profound impression upon the city, and his memory is still fragrant. 

Contemporary with his ministry was that of Dr. William Eliot, pastor of the 
Church of the Messiah, who was a recognized leader in the educational and philan- 
thropic work of the city, and whose enduring monument is to be seen in Washington 
University and Mary Institute. 

All the churches named and unnamed have wrought together for the moral and 
spiritual uplifting of the city. It is not claimed that all have seen the truth with 
equal clearness and fullness, or from the same angle of vision. There have been 
vain rivalries among them, divisions that were disastrous and shameful, miscon- 
ceptions and separating prejudices, but all, according to their light, have stood for 
liberty of conscience, for freedom from ecclesiastical tyranny and for the authority 
of the word of God. They have persistently upheld the claims of eternal right- 
eousness, and have called upon men to live in view of their relations to God and an 
endless future. 

We have no arithmetic by which to compute the value of their ministries, or to 
sum up the riches they have secured for the city. They have taught men to see 
the invisible world, to lay hold of its wealth and to labor for the coming of the 
kingdom of God. In the midst of the evil tendencies of a great and growing city, 
the greed for gain, the love of sensual pleasure, the demoralization of luxury, the 
oppressions of the strong and the despair and sorrow of the weak and poor, all of 
which degrade man, they have sought to remind him of a nobler and higher life, to 
tell of God's redeeming grace and of the glorious future to which that grace was 
calling him. They have endeavored to keep open the channel of communication 
between earth and heaven, and to persuade men to live as the children of God. 

The growth of Protestant Christianity in the city during the past century furnishes 
an encouragement for the future. Catholicism had preceded its coming by a hundred 
years. Its faithful and heroic missionaries had planted the standard of the cross in 
all of the primitive settlements along the Western rivers and far into the wilderness 
among the savages. First on the ground, it had firmly established itself. Not until 
1817 was there a Protestant church in St. Louis, but now they are vastly in the 
majority. According to statistics furnished by the Centennial Committee, of 444 
religious organizations in the city, 76 are Catholic. The leading Protestant churches 
number as follows: Baptist, 23; Christian, 15; Congregational, 21; Lutheran, 29; 
German Evangelical, 24; Methodist, 46; Presbyterian, 47; Episcopal, 31. A total of 
236 Protestant churches. 



THE EPISCOPAL PIONEER DAYS 

"The Pra3'er Book Church," in its relation to St. Louis, was the sub- 
ject of the Centennial discourse of Rev. David Claiborne Garrett at St. 
Peter's Episcopal Church. For the processional hymn the organist, 
Charles Galloway, chose "Ancient Days," composed for the two hun- 
dredth anniversary of the founding of Albany. 



Church Day 41 

Dr. Garrett traced the history of the Episcopal Church in this city as follows: 

On this Centennial Sunday each church has its story to tell of how it came into 
the city, and what it sought to do for the city. It is almost i oo years since this 
church of ours was planted in St. Louis. To be exact, the first public service in 
St. Louis by a priest of the prayer-book church, and as far as known west of the 
Mississippi River, was on October 24, 1S19 — ninety years ago. This, however, was 
not the very first service with the English prayer book in the great West. It was 
some time near St. John Baptist's day, June 24, 1579, that Drake's ship, the Golden 
Hinde, Rev. Francis Fletcher, chaplain, landed near where is now San Francisco, 
and the first service in the English tongue was held on a spot now fully identified, in 
commemoration of which the late George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, erected the 
prayer-book cross in Golden Gate Park. 

The beginning of the work of the church west of the great river was in a little 
one-story frame building on the corner of Second and Walnut streets. Rev. John 
Ward, from Lexington, Ky., was the missionary. Only two persons, and they men, 
were ready, with prayer books in hand, to respond. From that small start a parish 
was organized November ist. All Saints' Day, following. 

The standing of this church in the city from the very beginning, its influence in the 
social, political and commercial world, is illustrated by the remarkable fact that among 
the signers of the articles of association for our first parish were the first United 
States Senator, who represented Missouri for thirty years; the first Governor of this 
State, the first Mayor of the city, the surveyor-general, judges of the Supreme 
Court and a time-honored judge of the Probate Court. Thus, in the earliest days» 
the church and the city were closely associated. 

Mr. Ward's rectorship was brief, through no fault of his own or of the parish; 
he was obliged to return to Kentucky. For a number of years services were held, 
but the coming of a Virginia clergyman, Rev. Mr. Horrell, in the fall of 1825, gave 
a new impetus to the languishing work. We owe a debt to the Methodists and 
Baptists for the use of their places of worship for short periods, showing that 
Christian unity is not as some seem to think a thing of the present days. A lot was 
bought on the corner of Third and Chestnut streets, and the new church was finished 
in 1829. It cost $7,000, all of which but $1,100 was paid, Mr. Clemens contributing 
$1,300. 

Another devoted missionary of those first days was Rev. William Chadderton, from 
Philadelphia, who came in 1832, and put new life into the work so well begun by 
Mr. Horrell. On May 25, 1834, the church, finished five years before, was conse- 
crated by Bishop Smith, of Kentucky, who at the same time confirmed a class of 
twenty-six. This was the first church consecration and first confirmation west of 
the big river and north of Louisiana. Mr. Chadderton resigned in 1835, thro5gh 
some false modesty in regard to his own inability to do the work needed. 
Bishop Smith praises him highly, and speaks of the "marvelous refinement and 
delicacy of his nature." 

The great forward movement of the church in the city and throughout the whole 
Middle West, radiating from St. Louis as the center, began in the memorable year 
of 1836. That was the year that marked a wonderful change all over the new West. 
Prosperity set in with full swing. Pioneers and settlers poured in by the thousands, 
scattering all along the river northward. It was fortunate for the church that at 
last the East had awakened to a realization of its missionary duty and opportunity. 
And it was more fortunate that the first missionary bishop of the great Northwest 
should have been the saintly and scholarly and hard-working Jackson Kemper, another 
Philadelphian. Christ Church parish elected the newly consecrated bishop its rector, 
promising an assistant. 

A new lot was bought at Fifth and Chestnut; the old church was sold to the 
Baptists, reversing the order at the beginning, when we were glad to borrow a 
building from our Baptist brethren. A new church was begun. Services were held 
in the basement. Bishop Kemper did a grand work. The church was consecrated 
February 17, 1839. A further evidence of the good-fellowship among Christians of 
all names, and an interesting incident which doubtless is gratefully remembered today 
by our Lutheran friends, is the story of how Bishop and Rector Kemper appealed to 
his vestry to permit the Lutherans to occupy the basement of the new church, 
reminding our own people of "how highly esteemed the early Lutherans were by 



42 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

the English reformers, and with whom our glorious martyrs, Cranmer and Ridley, 
and others, had much early intercourse." In the record of the second confirmation 
in the city we find the name of one whose memory should be honored today for his 
long and faithful services to mother church. Rev. J. P. T. Ingraham. 

In connection with the coming of Bishop Kemper, your rector feels a personal 
interest and may perhaps be permitted a personal expression of gratitude, for what 
he owes to the church in the city of St. Louis. In March, 1836, on the first trip of 
the steamboat Olive Branch up the opened river, Bishop Kemper started on his first 
missionary journey, and his first converts to the church were a young Virginia 
lawyer and his wife, going with their two children to what was then Flint Hills, 
Michigan Territory, now Burlington, Iowa. That Virginian was my grandfather, and 
the little three-year-old daughter my mother. The prayer book which the bishop gave 
to my grandmother was the efficient cause of the confirmation of both husband and 
wife and the baptism of the children at the first visit of the bishop. It may be said 
to be the final cause, under God's providence, of my being here today a clergyman 
of the old church, a rector of a parish which was a missionary offshoot of Bishop 
Kemper's parish. I hold that prayer book in my hand, and I shall say our final 
prayer today from its pages. 

Our own beloved parish of St. Peter's may not claim an ancient history; it is 
comparatively young, but of all the parishes of the city growing out of mission 
movements it stand today the strongest in service and influence. It began as a mission 
of Christ Church in February, 1868, the grand old priest and prophet, Dr. Schuyler, 
giving to it his help and blessing. On October 27, 1872, it was organized into a 
parish. If we call the roll of rectors we find cnly five, including the incumbent, 
a record which reflects credit on both parish and priest. We find Berkeley, the first 
rector, who left the parish free from all debt after eleven years of service; Bishop 
Brooke, whose short ministry was terminated by his elevation to the episcopate; then 
William Short, D. D., whose rectorship was the longest of all and crowned the 
work of his predecessors by the erection of the noble buildings we use and enjoy 
today. 

Would that we might narrate the names and services of the noble army of laymen, 
men and women, who have loved and labored for the church and the city. Silently 
let us recall many by name, the benefactors of the church, the generous-hearted and 
open-handed givers to the great mission to the city. Many have already entered into 
their reward. 



WHEN THE ITINERANT PREACHER CAME 

"Methodism in the West," was the subject of the Centennial sermon, 
by Rev. Dr. S. H. Wainwright, at Centenary Southern Methodist Church, 
Sunday morning. 

Dr. Wainwright told of John Wesley's zeal, "traveling 260,000 miles when there 
were no railroads, and preaching on 40,000 different occasions." He told how 
Wesleyan Methodism had extended across the Mississippi River within five years 
after the death of Wesley, when, in 1798, John Clark made occasional visits to St. 
Louis County and there preached the gospel. Dr. Wainwright said: 

His body now sleeps beneath the sod at Cold Water, near St. Louis. Wave 
followed upon wave of Methodist endeavor after the coming of John Clark. A 
society was organized north of the Missouri River a few years later by John Travis, 
ten miles from Daniel Boone's cabin. St. Louis County was visited by William 
McKendree in the summer of 1807, who held a quarterly conference and conducted 
a camp meeting with many conversions. St. Louis was entered not long afterwards 
by John Scripps, in 1817, and this city appears on the conference minutes in 1820, 
with John Piggot as preacher, and Jesse Walker as missionary. 

A system that covered so much ground in such a short length of time and thrust 
men into the wilds of the undeveloped West, and put the itinerant preacher at 
the cabin door of the most daring adventurer, had as its source of energy a great 



Church Day 43 

faith, a certain experience and a mighty enthusiasm. The heroism without reflected 
the heroism within. Methodism was not simply extensive. It was also intensive. 

The itinerant system has been the grand extensive instrumentality by which 
Methodism has attained its present position. The good resulting from this system 
far outweighs its inconveniences. Often rude hands have tried to interfere with 
its operation, but it continues to be the trusted agency of Methodism for the spread 
of the gospel and building up of pastorates. 

The itinerant plan has proven to be the most efficient of all modern ecclesiastical 
organizations. It is especially effective in the dispersed population of new districts, 
but also a valued agency in the denser population of older communities. Methodism 
believes that a preacher should have no abiding city here; that he should not 
entangle himself with local trammels; that by the cross he should be crucified to 
the world, and that world to him; that he should display a religious chivalry 
which disregards the case and conveniences of stationary life. 

The coming of the itinerant preacher into the West, following as he did the 
receding horizon over trackless prairies, across unbridged streams and through 
primeval forests, along Indian trails and in the face of perils, was one of the 
important factors in the building of the nation. 

The men who laid the foundation were heroes to their own age, and lived in the 
heroic period of Methodism, but our age and every other age calls for heroism. It 
requires a heroic ministry to practice self-denial in an age of luxury; to plead for 
righteousness where men resort to expediency; to defend the old doctrines while 
faith is weak and opinions are vacillating. 

It requires as much courage in a preacher to stand against a corporation as 
to fight a bear. The struggle is as real today, and the appeal to men for fortitude 
as great as in the days of our fathers, though the form of antagonism with which 
we meet may be different. Pious, daring, patient and self-denying toil, and willing 
suffering are the elements which constitute religious heroism. To sleep in the 
crowded haunts of a modern city is as trying as sleeping under the open stars, as 
our fathers did. Frontiers have shifted their base, but are still in existence. 

Let us be as faithful as our fathers, whose preaching saved the early settlers 
from sinking into barbarism, threw light upon the darkness and made the wilderness 
a threshold of glory. 



PIONEER CATHOLIC PRIESTS OF ST. LOUIS 

At St. Columbkille's Rev. James J. Furlong preached at the solemn 
high mass in honor of the Centennial, taking for his subject, "Pioneer 
Catholic Priests and People I Knew in St. Louis." He said, in part : 

The pioneers of America erected the cross as their first act when they 
discovered our country, and knelt in prayer of thanksgiving. Their 
descendants followed the pious practice of their fathers. Religious pros- 
perity should go hand in hand with industrial success, because religion 
is the hope of the world. Constantine saw the cross in the sky with one 
inscription, "By this sign thou shalt conquer." God is always the same, 
and humanity does not differ in its essential points during the ages. 
Religion carries the message of God to man. The priests are ambassadors. 
It is right that the church bells of St. Louis should ring in the glorious 
Centennial Week of our great city. Methinks that whilst the bells rang 
their joyful greetings angels filled the air and sang "Glory be to God in 
the highest, and on earth peace and good will to men." 

The pioneer Catholic priests and people of St. Louis were devoted children of 
faith and fatherland. Zeal and industry were characteristics of the pioneers. They 
erected and paid for churches, schools, asylums and hospitals. They wfre proud 
of th"eir religion, whilst their church was proud of them. The early Catholics of St. 
Louis were especially generous in donating sites for religious purposes. 



44 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Archbishop Peter Kenrick gave a vast fortune to the charities of our city. He 
was an unassuming, kind and very learned churchman. Archbishop J. J. Kain was 
a good-natured, able and zealous prelate. Amongst the pioneer priests of St. Louis 
the names of Henry, Tobyn, Walsh, Smith and Cook, Redemptorists; Hennessey and 
Uland, Vincentians; De Smet, the Jesuit; Woppelhorst, the Franciscan; Fenlon, 
Fox, O'Reilly, Kielty and many of their associates, will always be affectionately 
remembered in St. Louis, "The Rome of the West." 



AT CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL 

The Reverend Carroll M. Davis, clean of Christ Church Cathedral, in 
his Centennial sermon dwelt largely on the history of the Episcopal Church 
in St. Louis, which is to a very large extent coincident with the history of 
Christ Church, the mother church of all. 

"The first beginnings of the Episcopal Church date back to 1819," he said. "The 
original manuscript of the articles of association, as well as the first subscription 
for the salary of the minister and the necessary means of sustaining the services, 
with the signatures of those who subscribed them, have been found, giving the pre- 
cise date of the birthday of Christ Church, St. Louis. These documents, which 
must ever be a matter of interest to those connected with the parish, have been 
framed and are preserved in the Schuyler Memorial House. They bear the date 
November I, 1819." 



THE JEWISH CHURCHES 

The Jewish Churches of the city began their Centennial celebration 
Saturday (their Sabbath.) Commemorative services were held Saturday 
morning at nearly all of the Jewish houses of worship, orthodox and 
reformed. The Centennial sermon of Rabbi Harrison, delivered at New 
Temple Israel, was entitled "The Centennial of St. Louis." 



AFTERNOON 



AT THE COLISEUM 

A little child led them. Tony Brickner, nine years old, conducted the 
Industrial School Boy's Band, standing upon a chair. As he concluded 
each performance by the band, the little fellow turned and bowed, receiv- 
ing enthusiastic applause from all parts of the great audience. 

In the midst of the programme from the platform, Prof. R. O. Bolt, 
musical director, placed Dorothy Fitzroy, eight years old, upon a table. 
From the farthest balconies the child looked scarcely as large as a fair- 
sized doll. In the ranks on ranks of seats that stretched away, almost to 
the ceiling of the big hall, thousands of eyes were turned toward the child. 



Church Day 45 

The pianist struck a few notes. Then a sweet, quavering, childish voice floated 
upward, thin, not too strong, but musical. To the upper rows of the highest gallery 
it floated almost as faint and indistinct as a whisper, yet the listeners could catch 

Some day the silver cord will break 

And I no more, as now, shall sing. 
But, O, the joy, when I shall wake 

Within the palace of the King! 

The thousands took up the chorus of the hymn and rolled it back in a great wave 
of sound that appeared almost to overwhelm the childish singer. She went on 
through with the other verses of the song, and, when she sat down, she received 
an ovation of applause that lasted for several minutes. 

Represented in the great audience, which filled every part of the Coliseum, were 
one hundred and eighty Sunday schools of St. Louis. To each one of the 10,000 
children entering the hall was presented a small flag. When Mayor Kreismann, 
former Governor Folk and the other speakers arose, the children waved these flags 
and accompanied this greeting with shrill cheering. 

While the schools were marching in and the 10,000 were finding and settling in 
their seats, the Industrial Sunday School Band, Colonel A. D. Richardson, super- 
intendent, and Charles Richter, director, played these selections : 

"Blue Danube." "Old Warrior," March. 

"Poet and Peasant." "My Maryland." 

"Forge in the Forest." "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean." 

"American Patrol." "America." 

The children and the members of St. Mark's English Evangelical Lutheran 
Church marched in procession from the church to the Coliseum. They carried 
banners and sang hymns on the way. Before leaving the church, the marchers 
partook of a dinner, the first one served in that manner during the nearly half 
century pastorate of the Rev. Dr. M. Rhodes. The dinner was arranged so that the 
Sunday school and the congregation might go refreshed from the regular services 
to the Coliseum. It recalled the Sunday custom of a century ago, when the country 
congregation brought their dinners and ate at the church between the morning 
and the afternoon worship. Many of the members of St. Mark's lived at such a 
a distance that they would not have had time to go home and return for the 
Coliseum celebration. Mrs. A. H. Sippy was chairman of the dinner committee. 
Among those who dined at St. Mark's were two of the principal participants in 
the Coliseum celebration — A. A. Paxson, chairman of the general committee, and 
the pastor, Rev. Dr. M. Rhodes, who offered prayer at the celebration. Distinctive 
badges were worn by all who marched. 

Rev. Dr. H. H. Gregg, of the Washington and Compton Avenue Presbyterian 
Church, opened the program with a scripture reading from Acts i. Rev. Dr. M. 
Rhodes, of St. Mark's, a member of the International Sunday School Lesson Com- 
mittee, made the opening prayer, concluding with the Lord's Prayer, which all 
repeated. 

J. J. Parks reviewed Sunday school effort, from the first Sunday school in St 
Louis, 100 years ago, with one teacher and five pupils, to the present condition of 
300 schools, 5,000 teachers and 81,000 pupils. The Sunday school, he said, stood for 
the Bible and for Sabbath-keeping, and these things "stood behind our e.x-Gov. 
Folk, and will stand by the present governor and mayor." 

Judge J. J. Paxson introduced Mayor Kreismann as "the Christian Mayor of 
St. Louis." 



46 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The Mayor saluted "the boys and girls of St. Louis ; mothers and fathers, and 
Christian friends and workers." He said : 

No Centennial celebration would have been complete without giving place to the 
children. St. Louis is a city of homes. St. Louis is full of joyous children. St. 
Louis is a city of schools, many in number, conducted by able instructors and filled 
with many thousands of contented children. St. Louis is a city of churches, which 
find their greatest work in caring for the spiritual welfare of our children. 

Are all the children here? Where are the many little ones in the downtown dis- 
tricts? Are you caring for them? St. Louis spends great sums of money, but 
none better than the thousands which it spends for its delinquent and neglected 
children. 

What does all this mean? It means that we appreciate the value of the life of 
the young. Children are our greatest asset. When we care for them, we care for 
ourselves and our country. God bless our children of St. Louis. 

Mayor Kreismann introduced former Gov. Folk, calling attention to the "eight 
years of his public service, which have been of the greatest benefit in the moral and 
civic upbuilding of our community and commonwealth." 

Gov. Folk's talk was full of striking parallels between St. Louis and the world 
today and lOO years ago. "This very spot," he said, "was then a wilderness." He 
predicted a wonderful future for St. Louis, "with the improvement of the waterways 
and the completion of the Panama Canal." The conditions of individual prosperity 
were commended by him rather than the aggrandizement of wealth, when "all 
the people may own their own homes, however humble, and all the people have 
bank accounts, however small." He said that "any man of the present day 60 years 
of age has seen more progress in the world than any man who has ever lived before 
him, in all the history of the world." This "magical age" he believed to be the 
"outcome of the charity and the enlightenment taught in the home, the Sunday 
school and the public schools. The golden age is before us, not behind us, and it 
will come when there is more of the golden rule and less of the rule of gold," he 
said. Mr. Folk urged his hearers each to "live the life sublime," and declared that 
humble private life gives opportunities as great as those afforded men in the highest 
public station. 

General singing of hymns followed. The primary children, numbering 1,000 
voices, sang two numbers under Miss Mary J. Wilson. The benediction was pro- 
nounced by Rev. Dr. F. N. Calvin, of the Compton Heights Christian Church. 

The chairman of the committee having charge of Church Day of Centennial 
Week, Mr. Samuel Cupples, occupied a box on the right of the platform. With 
Mr. Cupples was Bishop E. R. Hendrix. 

On the platform, besides the speakers, were: Rev. Dr. W. B. Palmore, Rev. Dr. Sam 
Frank Taylor, Rev. Dr. J. W. Worsnop, Rev. J. H. Gauss, Rev. Z. T. McCann, Rev. Dr. 
T. H. Hagerty, Rev. B. E. Reed, Rev. Dr. S. H. Wainwright, Rev. E. T. McFarland, Rev. 
Dr. W. M. Jones, Rev. Frank Foster, Rev. Josephus Stephan, Rev. R. L. Lemons, Rev. Dr. 
Francis L. Russell, Rev. Earle Wilfiey, Rev. S. G. Huey, Assistant Superintendent of Instruc- 
tion John S. Collins, W. B. Harris, a veteran Baptist Sunday-school organizer; C. C. Nicholls, 
Judge S. P. Spencer, Prof. W. J. S. Bryan, Assistant Superintendent George Piatt Knox, 
A. W. Payne, Otis Scruggs, A. E. Whitaker, Prof. W. C. Dyer, Edward Card and G. W. 
Hall. 

The committee under the direction of which the Centennial Sunday school 
celebration was so successfully carried out were : 

GENERAL COMMITTEE. 
Mr. W. H. McCIain, Mr. W. O. Andrews, Mr. W. C. ShuU, Mr. F. Henry. 
Mr. Wm. H. Abbott, Mr. R. O. Bolt, Mr. E. E. Lacy. 



Church Day 47 

MUSIC COMMITTEE. 

Mr. I. H. Sawyer, Mr. H. H. Hodgdon, Mr. A. E. Whittaker, Mr. H. Brinsmade, 

Mr. P. M. Hanson, Mr. G. H. Tenbroek, Mr. George W. Hall, Mr. C. C. Nichols, 

Mr. W. B. Harris, Mr. Robt. Rutledge, Mr. C. H. Maschmeier, Mr. M. Carleton. 

Miss Charlotte Donaldson, Pianist. Mr. Charles Seymour, Cornetist, 

Mr. W. O. Andrews, Chairman Usher Com- Mr. Frank Henry, Chairman Platform Com- 
mittee, mittee. 



ON ART HILL 



From noon until three o'clock the parochial schools were assembling 
on and about Art Hill in Forest Park. When a few minutes past three 
o'clock Archbishop Glennon arrived and raised his hand for silence, there 
were assembled more than 25,000 children. The great amphitheatre 
extending from the hill to the lake was fully occupied. All faces were 
turned toward the statue of Saint Louis. The vast area was divided into 
sections to which the parishes found their way quickly and in order. 

For three hours before the beginning of the ceremonies, street cars on the routes 
to the park were crowded, streets leading into the park were filled with automobiles, 
carriages and vans. 

The program moved without confusion or delay. Two bands. Father Spigardi's 
Italian band and Father Dunne's Newsboys' band, and the Knights of Columbus 
Choral Club led the music. When Archbishop Glennon raised his hand and Rev. 
Joseph F. Lubeley, the leader, raised his baton, which was an American flag, 
silence came upon the multitude. For a moment the hush continued, then Father 
Lubeley's hand swept down in a wide arc and the great outdoor concert had begun. 
The students of Kenrick Seminary sang the invocation, "Veni Creator." The 
"Decade of the Rosary" followed, and then from thousands of throats thundered 
forth the mighty chorus, "Hail, Virgin of Virgins." 

Those on the platform with Archbishop Glennon were W. J. Kinsella, vice- 
chairman of Church Day; John F. Lee, Very Rev. A. J. Connolly, Bishop J. J. 
Hennessey, Rev. J. J. McGlynn, Rev. Martin S. Brennan, Rev. Timothy Dempsey, 
Rev. P. J. Dunne, Rev. P. W. Tallon, Rev. Paeser Spigardi ; all were deeply 
affected by the sight. 

After the children sang, the Choral Club sang several selections. Then the 
children sang again, the national anthem this time. And, as before, the grandeur 
of the little voices, raised together in celebration of their country's greatness, moved 
those who saw and heard. When the Archbishop bestowed the benediction, the 
children sank to their knees and a solemn hush possessed the multitude. 

Arrayed in spotless white uniforms, the Knights of Columbus Choral Club con- 
tributed sonorous choruses, lending an impressive and beautiful solemnity and force 
to the religious songs. The large seminary choir was of great assistance. The 
members stood in rows at the back of the platform and their voices carried far. 

This choir and the Knights of Columbus Choral Club were of particular value 
in the impressiveness of the "Te Deum," sung by thousands, which formed the 
grand finale of one of the greatest religious demonstrations ever held in the 
city's history. 



48 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The Archbishop arose when the singing of America was done and made a 
short address. He congratulated the people of St. Louis, Catholic and Protestant, 
on the Centennial anniversary of the incorporation of the city, and he confessed 
to being moved deeply by the children's chorus. In the course of his remarks the 
Archbishop said : 

I remember reading of the field of Runnymede, where a Catholic Bishop and 
Catholic Knights fought for the liberties of the people, and obtained for their English 
King the charter of our modern liberty. I remember reading of the field of the Cloth 
of Gold, where King met King, to honor their country and their God. Children of 
St. Louis, this is not the field of Runnymede; this is not the field of the Cloth of Gold, 
but this is a field where I see before me the pearls of the Saint Louis. This is your 
saint, you are his children, and on this historic spot you will take his cross and bear it 
onward until another century shall be rounded out. You are to be his crusaders, 
and will bear his cross upon your breasts. We are the older ones. We are the 
relics of the century just gone, and we give to your keeping this cross, to be true 
to your city, true to your saint and true to your God. 

The address was short, and at its close Mayor Kreismann was seen to come 
upon the stand, arm in arm with Samuel Cupples, and followed by other dis- 
tinguished St. Louisans. 

Archbishop Glennon turned to the crowd, who had cheered the Mayor, signed 
for silence, and in a few words introduced the city's chief executive. Mayor 
Kreismann, moved by the sight and the significance of the occasion, spoke only 
a few minutes, and his speech, too, was one of congratulation and thanks for the 
sight that confronted him. He said : 

This is truly your afternoon. Children, you have honored your Mayor in asking 
him to help you celebrate the Centennial birthday of your city. Indeed, your church 
is justly proud of the great part which it has played in the rearing of this great city. 
For around the influence of the Catholic church and through its schools lies much 
of the spirit and strength which has made progress in St. Louis. As I look upon 
all these young faces before me, I feel much of comfort in the security in which 
your citizenship is guarded by your church. 

At the conclusion of the Mayor's address. Archbishop Glennon signed for the 
"Te Deum," in which nearly all those within earshot on the hills around joined, 
and in this mighty old chorus the music ceased. 

The crowd was so dense about the stand, and for yards on every side, that it 
was nearly half an hour before those on the stand made an effort to leave. Two 
automobiles, that had to back and charge carefully through the crowds, conveyed 
the Archbishop and the Mayor from the scene. After they had left, for half an 
hour or more, the stand was occupied by children, whom officers and others had 
found wandering without their parents, and each was held up to view in turn that 
the parents might come and claim them. 

On the outskirts and in the grass in scattered places, tired little ones, worn out 
with excitement, were lying at length, many sleeping peacefully. 

The parish schools were arranged with system, each parish being allowed a 
section of the slope, its position designated by a number. Guarding these respective 
sections and keeping the children in order were the priests of the respective parishes. 
Amedee V. Reyburn, grand marshal, assisted by fifty aides and five marshals from 
each of the seventy-eight parishes, assisted the pohce in the distribution and control 
of the crowds on the ground. The Archbishop also helped in the management 
of the crowds in front of him by giving directions by the number of the parishes. 

"Here, twenty-one, the ladies with the Merry Widows, over there in St. Mary's 
Parish, let down your umbrellas, we want to see some of your neighbors," was 
one of the directions he issued. 



Church Day 49 

The playing of the band of Father Dunne's newsboys was one of the happy 
features while the hosts were assembhng. 

Fifty thousand people, old and young, were in attendance, scattered over a 
large area of the park. From the brow of the hill on which the platform was raised 
the scene below might have suggested a swarming ant bed, crooked and irregular 
streams of people, breaking off from the central mass and winding, scattering and 
diverging in every direction as far through the trees as could be seen. Down on the 
outskirts, long rows of automobiles and vehicles of every description were stretched 
almost in a semicircle around the scene of the celebration, while down at the car 
tracks long rows of cars emptied and loaded humanity from sources which seemed 
exhaustless. Many of the seventy-eight parishes whose schools were represented 
provided their own vehicles. These were gaily decorated in Centennial colors, 
and bore large signs designating the name of the parish. Through the courtesy 
and efficiency of the United Railways, the great crowds were handled with comfort. 

The committees in charge of the Centennial celebration by the Catholic parishes 
were: 

On Grounds, Ceremonies, Transportation — Very Rev. J. A. Connolly and the School Board. 

Music, Programme and Speakers — Rev. Fathers P. W. Tallon, J. J. Tannrath and E. Coyle. 

Publicity — Rev. Fathers Gilfillan, Garthoeffner and Tannrath. 

Cahokia Pilgrimage — Rev. Fathers Randall, Schlereth and Garthoeffner. 

Besides the above, the following were members of the General Committee: Rev. Fathers 
Hoog, Dempsey, Dooley, O'Rourke, Kern, Bronsgeest, Brand, Lemkes and Shields. Archbishop 
Glennon was ex-officio president, and Father Gilfillan general secretary. 



THE CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS 

Christian Science believers and inquirers from four churches in St. 
Louis, from Kirkwood and Belleville and from the visiting multitude filled 
the Odeon Sunday afternoon. Many stood, for the seating capacity was 
taken some time before the hour for the exercises. 

William G. Ewing, of Chicago, formerly of the Illinois Supreme Court, was 
introduced by John D. Johnson, of St. Louis. "I have progressed far enough in 
the investigation of Christian Science to say that it is one of the greatest discoveries 
of the last century," said Mr. Johnson. "Christian Scientists are all good citizens, 
for Christian Science means good citizenship. The meeting and lecture today were 
arranged with a view to paying tribute to the city's greatness." 



A UNION MEETING OF CONGREGATIONALISTS 

At the First Church, on Delmar avenue, seventeen Congregational 
churches held a union Centennial meeting Sunday night. 

Former Mayor C. P. Walbridge, Hobart Brinsmade and Rev. Dr. C. S. Mills 
of Pilgrim Congregational Church made addresses in commemoration of Congre- 
gationalism in St. Louis. The principal address of the evening, delivered by Rev. 
Dr. J. H. George, president of Drury College, Springfield, Mo., and former pastor 
of the First Congregational Church, was on strictly religious lines. 

Rev. A. H. Jordan, pastor of the church, introduced the speakers, and Rev. J. B. 
Toomay read the Scripture lesson. Rev. Dr. W. M. Jones offered prayer at the 
beginning of the service. Special music was furnished by the church quartet. The 
church was filled to the doors with the congregation, representing the seventeen 
churches. 



WELCOME DAY 



Monday, October 4th 

ST. LOUIS, THE TOWN 

St. Louis became a town under act of the territorial legislature which 
"authorized the people of any village in the territory on petition of two- 
thirds of their taxable inhabitants to be incorporated into a town on appli- 
cation to the proper court." This act was effective on the i8th of June, 
1808. Residents of St. Louis lost no time in moving to incorporate. 
They circulated a petition in this form : 

To the Honorable Court of Common Pleas for the District of St. Louis : 

By virtue of a law passed by the legislators which authorizes the 
inhabitants of the towns and villages of this Territory to incorporate 
themselves if two-thirds of them should agree to the same, the undersigned 
citizens of the circuit of St. Louis, forming at least the number required 
by the said law, and wishing to establish an incorporation, beg of you 
to put the said law in force, in order that they may procure them- 
selves the good order and a durable police in the inward parts of the 
circuit of their town and common, according to the plan that has been 
made of the said common, and following as much as possible the enclosure 
that served to separate the lands of the inhabitants and those of the 
common. 

The undersigned, reposing themselves in your wisdom, have the honor 

to remain, gentlemen, ^ » j » j 

Your most devoted servants. 

St. Louis, the sth of July. 

Then followed the signatures of eighty residents of St. Louis. At the 
bottom was written : "The subscribers hereby certify that we were 
present when all of the above names were signed. Witness whereof we 
have set our hands and seals this 7th day of July, 1808." The witnesses 
were P. Lee and L. A. Beavis. The petition was written in French and in 
English, the two side by side. The signatures of the French were written 
underneath the petition in that language. On the 23d of July, 1808, the 
first election in St. Louis for any purpose was held. The people assem- 
bled at the Court House, elected five trustees — Auguste Chouteau, 
Bernard Pratte, Edward Hempstead, Pierre Chouteau, Sr., and Alexander 
McNair. 

The trustees proceeded to govern the town. In August, 1808, the 
first town ordinance was enacted. It was elaborate. The ten sections 
were prompted by the community needs as the trustees viewed them. 
They required licenses to be taken out for several kinds of business. But 



52 St. Louis One Hundred ]'cars in a Week 

the subject which received most attention was the regulation of the con- 
duct of slaves. 

In February, 1809, the trustees took action for protection of the town 
against fire. They issued a proclamation. All citizens were called upon 
to organize fire companies. One of the provisions of the fire ordinance 
required each occupant of a house to provide himself with two buckets. 
These buckets were to be kept in a place convenient for immediate use 
whenever a fire started. All fire fighting at that early date was by bucket 
brigade. Another of the provisions ordered by the trustees was that each 
owner of a building in the town of St. Louis must have the chimney of 
his house swept at least once a month. If a fire started in a chimney, the 
law presumed that the chimney had not been swept properly and it pro- 
vided for a fine of $10.00 against the owner, unless he could show by 
witnesses that his chimney had been swept within four weeks preceding 
the fire. 

The act of the legislature required that the petition for incorporation 
receive the approval of court. The record book of the court of common 
pleas shows this approval, dated November 9, 1809, notwithstanding the 
fact that trustees had been elected and ordinances had been passed nearly 
a year and a half previously. The judges of the court were Silas Bent, 
Bernard Pratte and Louis Labeaume. Mr. Pratte was one of the five 
trustees elected in July, 1808. The five trustees elected in 1809 were 
Auguste Chouteau, Edward Hempstead, John Pierre Cabanne, William 
C. Carr and William Christy. 

Auguste Chouteau, who was chairman of the board of trustees, was 
made town treasurer. He reported the "total receipts from all sources" 
as $529.68. At the end of that first year there still remained in the 
treasury a balance of $130.53. 

Under the first ordinance, passed by the trustees, a penalty of $10.00 
was provided for selling or giving liquor or ardent spirits to slaves without 
written permission of their owners, while any person selling or furnishing 
any slave with any kind of merchandise without written permission 
was liable to a fine of $6.00. Any person finding a negro intoxicated on 
the streets or highways was required to carry him or her to his or her 
owner, who must, thereupon, cause the offending slave to bare his back 
and receive ten lashes. Failure on the part of the owner to inflict this 
penalty made the master or mistress liable to a fine of $5.00. 

Slaves were not permitted to congregate for amusement or any other 
purpose, unless in the day time, and at the home of their master or mis- 
tress, or unless written permission was given by the chairman of the 
board of trustees or of two judges or justices of the peace. If more than 
four slaves so congregated without permission their owners were com- 



Welcome Day 53 

pelled to give them ten lashes on the naked back or be liable to a fine of 
$5.00. Free persons permitting slaves to attend balls or entertainments 
without the consent of their masters were liable to a fine of $10.00, and 
occupiers of the house where festivities were held forfeited $20.00. 

Under the terms of the police ordinance, the authority to order a 
patrole was vested in the chairman of the board of trustees, or any two 
justices of the peace or judges of the town, the patrole to be ordered 
"whenever circumstances shall require." Each patrole consisted of not 
fewer than four persons, including the captain, who received each night 
his instruction from the chairman of the board or the judges or justices. 

Patroles were formed from the male citizens above eighteen years old. 
The names of all persons were taken every four months by the chairman 
of the board, and every person was compelled to serve on the patrole in 
his turn, or to provide a substitute. The captain was selected each night 
by the chairman and furnished with a list of the persons to be summoned 
for duty that night. Failure or refusal to serve or to provide a substitute 
was punishable with a fine of $1.00 and costs, to be collected before any 
justice or chairman in the city. 

Service on the patroles was considered very attractive by the younger 
citizens for some time after the ordinance went into effect. As the 
novelty wore away the hiring of substitutes became the custom. Thus it 
came about that the same men served as regular members of the patrole, 
and this was the evolution of the police department. It was considered 
a breach of the peace to make any unusual noise after nine o'clock in the 
evening and the patrole was under orders to "command such persons to 
keep quiet." Straying into other persons' premises also was punishable. 
Such were the first steps toward law and order in St. Louis, the town, 
just a hundred years ago. 

THE PLAN OF THE RECEPTION COMMITTEE 

"Personally conducted" describes the week-long reception tendered 
to visiting Mayors. Early in the movement to celebrate the Centennial, 
Robert Burkham, secretary to the Mayor of St. Louis, opened personal 
correspondence with Mayors. He sought the name and vocation of each 
Mayor. He desired to know if the Mayor was single or a man of family. 
He explained that the information was desired to guide the Centennial 
Association in making the American Mayor the guest of honor in the 
celebration of this one hundredth corporate birthday of St. Louis. 

At a meeting of the executive committee held in February, one of the twelve 
features suggested for Centennial Week was the reception and entertainment of 
Mayors. As the preparations progressed, this feature was emphasized. Upon the 
receipt of the information called for in the prehminary correspondence, the Mayor 
of St. Louis addressed a handsomely engraved invitation to each Mayor, by name, 



54 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

on behalf of the city of St. Louis. As the acceptances came in, invitations to the 
several functions were sent to the Mayors. To the wives of all Mayors accepting 
were sent, also, the personal invitations and souvenirs of the Veiled Prophet. 

But the plans to make the Mayors welcome went far beyond these aforesaid 
formalities. An executive committee of a general reception committee was formed 
as follows : 

David R. Francis, Chairman. Edward F. Goltra. Vice-Chairman. 

S. B. McPheeters, Secretary. 
C. H. Huttig, Rolla Wells, Murray Carleton, J. R. Barroll, 

J. A. J. Shultz, D. G. Taylor, C. C. Nichols, Lloyd Wells, 

John Savage Bates, H. W. Peters, W. H. Gregg, Jr., J. D. Davis. 

These gentlemen held many meetings. As rapidly as acceptances of Mayors 
were received at the City Hall they were sent to Secretary McPheeters. The general 
reception committee was increased to correspond with the number of Mayors who 
were coming. To each Mayor was assigned in advance of his arrival a member of 
the reception committee to act as his guide, counselor and friend during Centennial 
Week. Many of these committeemen opened correspondence with their Mayors, 
learned by what train they would come and met them at Union Station. How 
efficiently the system operated was shown by the scores of letters received from 
the Mayors after they returned to their homes. 

Through the reception committee, franks were furnished to all of the Mayors 
by the Western Union and Postal Telegraph companies, by the Kinloch and Bell 
Telephone companies. Passbooks with coupons good over all lines of the United 
Railways were purchased by the committee and distributed to the Mayors. The 
Mercantile and the Missouri Athletic clubs extended their privileges to the city's 
guests of honor. To the committee the tickets for the Court of Honor and for 
all of the functions of the Centennial Week were given for delivery to the Mayors. 

Each day explicit directions were issued by the chairman to the members of the 
reception committee. The completeness of this personal conduct of the visiting 
Mayors may be seen in the instructions and appeal for Welcome Day by the 
chairman. 

To Centennial Reception Committee: 

Programme for Monday, October 4th; 

Members of the committee will please escort to Mayor's office. City Hall, at ri a. m., the 
guests assigned to them. 

The guests will be presented to the Mayor and Governor, and at 12:15 p. m. will be con- 
ducted to Civic League luncheon, at Jefferson Hotel. 

At 2:30 p. m. Reception Committee will escort guests to special electric cars, located on 
Twelfth street, near hotel, and accompany them to Aero Club grounds, Newstead and 
Chouteau avenues, to which guests and committeemen will be admitted on badges — no tickets 
required. 

After the balloon ascensions, about 5:30 p. m., special electric cars will convey guests and 
committeemen to place of starting: thence guests will be escorted to their hotels. 

In the evening committeemen will escort guests, and ladies accompanying them, to Coliseum, 
and, after the exercises there, which will begin at 8 o'clock and end about 10:30 o'clock, 
committeemen will see that their guests are directed to their hotels. 

Seats will be reserved in the Coliseum for guests and committeemen, but not later than 
8:05 p. m., when public will be admitted to such reserve space. 

The distinguished guests who are gracing this Centennial celebration by their presence have 
been honored by the cities they represent, and it is hoped that every Reception Committeeman 
will be prompt and efficient in the discharge of the trust assigned him, to the end that every 
visiting Mayor may be impressed with the cordiality of his welcome, and may long cherish 
a pleasant recollection of the hospitality of St. Louis, and the civic pride of her people. 

(Signed) DAVID R. FRANCIS, Chairman. 



Welco-me Day 55 

MORNING 

THE RECEPTION AT THE CITY HALL 

The Mayors began arriving at the City Hall by io:oo a. m. Each 
Mayor registered at a desk in the rotunda and each received a numbered 
badge. With the badge were telephone and telegraph franks, street rail- 
road coupon books and tickets to every Centennial event. 

The hour for the reception was 1 1 :oo a. m. It had been planned that 
the reception should be over by 1 1 :30, and that the Mayors should start on 
their inarch to the Jefferson Hotel for luncheon. There was delay, how- 
ever, in the registration of so many. Further delay was threatened by 
the difficulty the escorts appointed by the reception committee had in 
finding the Mayors whom they were to escort. To obviate this, a man 
with a train-calling voice was stationed on the main staircase, about mid- 
way between the first and second floors, to call the name, city and badge 
of each Mayor, so that the escort could claim him. 

Meanwhile the reception went on in the Mayor's office. Mayors who 
had registered and found their escorts were taken at once to the receiving 
line in which stood Mayor Kreismann, Governor Hadley, Adjutant-Gen- 
eral Rumbold, President Gundlach of the City Council, Street Commis- 
sioner Travilla, Sewer Commissioner Fardwell, Water Commissioner 
Adkins and other city officials and members of the Governor's staff. 
Mayor Kreismann used his right hand for a time in greeting the visitors, 
shifted to the left and later back again to the right. 

A staff of guides, appointed by Mayor Kreismann, was on duty to assist in 
showing the visiting Mayors about during the reception. These guides were: 
John Leahy, John McKenna, James Clark, Charles Cunningham, John Dowling, 
W. A. Handlan, R. A. Kitchen, Charles O'Neill, Charles O'Reilly, Henry A. 
Behrens, Charles Kollas, Louis McNamara, James Gannon, Daniel A. Corbett and 
Leo O'Leary. They met the visitors as they arrived and escorted them to the 
Mayor's office. They subsequently conducted the Mayors in groups throughout the 
City Hall, visiting each department of the municipal government. For the better 
conduct of this part of the program, the Market street and Clark avenue entrances 
to the hall were closed to the public during the reception. 

Former Governor D. R. Francis, chairman of the reception committee, was not 
in the receiving line, but mingled with the Mayors and their escorts in the Mayor's 
office. Former Gov. Folk stood in the corridor outside the Mayor's reception room 
doing duty as a member of the reception committee. Many other well-known St. 
Louisans were in the corridor where the Mayors were registering and receiving their 
tickets. Among these were Harry B. Hawes, Arthur N. Sager, F. W. Lehmann, 
Circuit Judges Shields, Kinsey and Muench. 

The various offices and the halls of both branches of the Municipal Assembly 
were lavishly decorated with bunting, palms and potted plants. An orchestra in the 
Mayor's office played and the band from the Industrial School gave a concert on 
the north lawn of the City Hall park. 



56 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

After the procession of Mayors left the City Hall and before the luncheon 
began, several Mayors, who arrived in the city too late for the reception, called 
with their escorts and registered. They hurried to the luncheon. Sergt. Maloney. 
who is assigned to special duty at the Mayor's office; Leo O'Leary, the Mayor's 
page, and several city officeholders and clerks remained at the City Hall during 
the day and saw that all Mayors who arrived late were registered and provided with 
badges, franks and tickets. The bronze Hon drinking fountains in the main rotunda 
of the City Hall were in operation Welcome Day for the first time in the history 
of the Hall. The stopcock by which they are turned on and off was discovered by 
Chief Engineer Joseph W. Wood by the examination of some old blue prints. 
The visiting Mayors were interested in the fountains. 



AFTERNOON 



THE CIVIC LEAGUE LUNCHEON TO MAYORS 

At noon Colonel John A. Laird, President of the Board of Police Com- 
missioners, and Colonels Martin Collins, Charles A. Houts, Charles 
Bufifum, George Robinson, C. C. WoliT and Nicholas Lamb, Jr., all of 
the Governor's staff, preceded the city and State executives to the Twelfth 
street exit. 

The visiting Mayors and their escorts followed. All were formed in 
line stretching across the granite steps, while a score of photographers 
snapped the big group. A great crowd had gathered about the City Hall, 
and Colonel Laird was forced to call on the police to assist him and the 
Governor's staff to clear the way for the march to Hotel Jefferson. 

The Industrial School Boys' band preceded Mayor Kreismann, Gov- 
ernor Hadley and former Governors Francis and Folk. The visiting 
Mayors and the committeemen followed in pairs. The sidewalk was 
used until Market street was reached, when the band swung into the 
street and the Mayors did likewise. Between lines of people the march 
proceeded. As the hotel was approached the crowd grew larger. A 
minstrel band was playing in front of the hotel. It was dispersed without 
ceremony when the police saw the Mayors coming. 

Officers of the Civic League awaited the flavors at the hotel. The 
large banquet hall was prepared to accommodate 650 guests and there 
were no vacant chairs when all had been seated. Many members of the 
reception committee remained outside the dining hall until assured all of 
the guests were taken care of. 

The Industrial School Band filed into the hotel corridor and played patriotic airs 
while the Mayors satisfied their appetites. A sensible noonday luncheon was served 
and evidently enjoyed. The tempting menu, with fried chicken, did not prevent 
the Mayors from liberally applauding the efforts of the little musicians. 



Welcome Day 57 

Throughout the luncheon the corridor of the hotel was crowded with spectators. 
There were many prettily gowned ladies among the lookers-on. Tony Bricker, the 
p-year-old band leader, in his clever imitation of John Philip Sousa, won the 
admiration of all who watched him. 

President Joseph L. Hornsby, of the Civic League, sat at the center of the 
speaker's table, from which point of vantage he could survey the long rows of 
tables, seating the largest crowd that ever gathered at a noonday meal in St. 
Louis. It was the first time in the history of the country that so many Mayors had 
dined in one room. 

Mayor Kreismann sat at President Hornsby's left, while Governor Hadley had 
the seat of honor at the toastmaster's right. Others assigned seats at the speakers' 
table were: John H. Gundlach, President of the City Council; former Mayor 
Rolla Wells ; Professor Isador Loeb, of the State University ; Mayor T. T. Crittenden, 
of Kansas City; George D. Markham, chairman of the Centennial executive com- 
mittee; Lieutenant W. G. Mitchell, U. S. N. ; Mayor Joseph Oliver, of Toronto; 
former Governor J. W. Folk; Mayor A. J. Mathis, of Des Moines; David R. 
Francis, chairman Mayors' reception committee ; Frederick W. Lehmann, chairman 
Board of Freeholders; Mayor Martin Behrmann, of New Orleans; former Mayor 
C. P. Walbridge, and Henry T. Kent, chairman of the Civic League reception 
committee. 

The formal programme following the luncheon was opened by David R. Francis, 
who introduced Mr. Hornsby. He prefaced the introduction with a tribute to the 
Civic League, which evoked applause. He said the league's unselfish motive was 
to beautify the city and its altruistic motive was to promote good government. 

Mr. Hornsby proposed a toast to the President of the United States. The 
glasses were drained as the guests stood. The Civic League president then added 
a word of welcome to the guests, and evoked cheers when he told them that "all 
St. Louis is glad you are with us to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of 
the city as a corporation." Another cheer followed his remark that it was especially 
fitting that the Mayors of the United States should be invited to join in the event. 

The speakers assigned to discuss "The Commission Form of Government" were 
then introduced. Mayor A. J. Mathis, of Des Moines, opened the discussion by 
explaining the main features of the form of commission government now in opera- 
tion in the Iowa city. He said in part : 

We have wiped out the redlight district, have cleaner streets than ever before, 
are securing better sidewalks and pavements, have a closer accounting of funds, 
have stricter control of public-service corporations, an improved Police Department, 
more conscientious service by employes and more painstaking attention to duties by 
the beads of departments. 

To be more specific, we have reduced the price of electricity, we are negotiating 
for a better franchise with the street-railway company, we are preparing for a renewal 
of the gas franchise on better terms, we have eliminated politics from appointments, 
we have stopped the employment of extra legal talent at enormous fees, we have 
started a new City Hall, a market place, completed an arch bridge, commenced levee 
protection and city beautification, and forced competition in city contracts; have 
almost secured a costly viaduct, sought for twenty years; have lived within our 
income, have money in the bank and have decreased taxes. 

I attribute the revolution to the commission system, or, rather, to the Des Moines 
plan, because not all commission systems are alike. I submit the results obtained 
in Des Moines as proof that the commission system has come to stay. Our citizens 
would not give it up. Fifty other cities have imitated it, and the old ward system 
is doomed. 



58 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Professor Isador Loeb, who holds the chair of political science in the Missouri 
State University, approved the idea of government by commission in that it 
tended toward concentration of power, the selection of competent officials, and the 
eradication of "bossism." He said it was simply a part of the general movement 
to grant cities adequate powers and to direct responsibility. He said a city can 
not have good government by emphasizing the form alone ; it must select good 
officials. 

Frederick W. Lehmann, chairman of the Board of Freeholders, and former 
president of the American Bar Association, gave the first intimation he had 
uttered publicly as to his views respecting the proposed government of St. Louis 
under the new charter. He declared, however, that he was not committing himself, 
as he said the Freeholders were "still in the digestive stage." Mr. Lehmann was 
applauded when introduced, and received an ovation when he concluded his address. 
He caused a laugh at the outset when he said that in former days he and Mayor 
Mathis, of Des Moines, had engaged in party politics in Des Moines, each being 
a leader in different ends of the city. He paid a high tribute to the Des Moines 
official, who, he said, was now a chief apostle of reform, though doubtless his 
motives and ideals were the same under commission government as they had been 
when the parties ruled. 

Mr. Lehmann held that the political parties were necessary. The objection to 
them, he said, in municipal and State affairs, however, is that they are illogical. 
He contended that a man's views on free trade should have no reference to his 
qualifications for Mayor or as a member of the Board of Public Improvements. 
The system will never change, he declared, "except through the agency of men 
who have profound interest in public affairs." 

"Make the name 'politician' as much respected as that of 'gentleman,' " he said, 
amid thunderous applause. 

Mr. Lehmann said he did not believe St. Louis should have a commission form 
of government in the strict sense. He believed we must have an executive officer 
and a legislative body, though repeating that he was not committing himself to 
any plan at this time. He believed in concentrated responsibility, and referred to 
the Tweed ring as an example of "round-robin responsibility." 

"I believe in a system that will enable the people to point at some individual 
and say, 'Thou art the man !' " he declared. 

President Hornsby adjourned the gathering after Mr. Lehmann's address, 
explaining that time would not permit of a general discussion. 

David R. Francis caused a laugh when he remarked: "Forms of government 
let fools condemn; what's best administered is best." 

The Mayors and their escorts took special cars for the Aero grounds. 

The reception committee for the Civic League at the luncheon was composed of: 

Henry T. Kent, Chairman. Mayo Fesler, Secretary. 

W. P. H. Turner, Dwight F. Davis, Chas. A. Stix, O'Neill Ryan, 

C. H. McMillan, Wm. Chauvenet, Percy Werner, C. H. McMillan, 

Wm. Trelease, R. H. Kaiser, L. S. Haslam, J, Clarence Taussig, 

Geo. O. Carpenter, Jr., Julius Polk, K. D. Mellier, Otto L. Teichmann. 



Welcome Day 59 

THE FLIGHT OF THE SPHERICAL BALLOONS 

Upon and immediately surrounding the grounds of the St. Louis Aero 
Ckib were assembled before the middle of the afternoon 100,000 people. 
Mondays' program was devoted to the contests of spherical balloons. The 
enormous gas holder on Chouteau and Newstead avenues was the focal 
point. For blocks around the crowds occupied street corners and house 
tops from which the balloons might be seen as soon as they left the 
grounds. The sending off of the advertising balloons entertained the 
people. Twenty-four of these smaller balloons of 3,000 feet capacity, 
were started at short intervals. The task of filling them began early in 
the afternoon. These balloons were partly filled with air, and then were 
connected with the pipes running from the retort. Gas was plentiful. 
The big holder contained 3,700,000 cubic feet at noon. There was a 
pressure of one pound to the square inch. This was increased in the 
afternoon to seven pounds. G. B. Evans, chief engineer of the company, 
and D. MacArthur, superintendent, were on the grounds to supervise the 
supply of gas. 

The balloons were inflated by members of the balloon corps of the National 
Guard of Missouri, under command of Lieutenant Chester E. Burg, and released as 
fast as filled. The first to go up was that of the Norvell-Shapleigh Hardware Com- 
pany, at 2 :3o p. m. ; it was followed by balloons entered by other firms. 

Tin buckets punctured to release the water they held by drops served for 
baskets and for ballast. The business houses sending up balloons in the advertising 
race were : 

B. Nugent & Bro. Dry Goods Co. Mermod, Jaccard & King Jewelry Co. 

Hanley & Kinsella Coffee Company. Meyer Bros. Drug Company. 

Bollman Bros. Piano Company. William Schotten & Co. (Coffee and Spices). 

Erker Bros. Optical Company. Norvell-Shapleigh Hardware Company. 

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association. Jesse French Piano Company. 

J. Kennard & Sons Carpet Company. Peters Shoe Company. 

Greeley Printery. Brown Shoe Company. 
Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney Dry Goods Co. Steinwender-Stoffregen Coffee Company. 

Prufrock-Litton Furniture Company. Halsey Automobile Company. 

Ely & Wallcer Dry Goods Company. Blanke-VVenneker Candy Company. 

Simmons Hardware Company. Ferguson-McKinney Dry Goods Company, 

William Barr Dry Goods Company. Carleton Dry Goods Company. 

The two small balloons, The Peoria and The Missouri, each of 40,000 cubic feet 
capacity, were the first of the racing balloons to leave the grounds. They were the 
contestants in the long-distance race for spherical balloons of 40,000 cubic feet 
capacity or less, and raced for the St. Louis Centennial Cup as first prize, the 
second in the race also to receive a cup. 

It was decided by ballot Sunday that The Peoria, James Bemis, pilot, and E. G. 
Smith, aid, should leave first, and the two members of the crew were on the 
grounds early preparing for their flight. Harlow B. Spencer was pilot of The 
Missouri. His aid was James P. Denvir. 

Bemis and Smith had everything in readiness to start at 3 158 o'clock. By that 
time the grandstand was filled, and the vacant spaces north of the grounds were 



60 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

packed with people. In Chouteau avenue both sidewalks were lined with crowds, 
and the street w^as so full that street cars had to move slowly. On the opposite 
side of the street every window of every house was crowded with people; many 
had climbed to the roofs. The Peoria was brought before the grandstand a few 
moments prior to leaving. At a signal from Bemis. the members of the balloon 
corps and assisting aeronauts released the basket in which he and Smith stood, 
and the balloon rose gracefully to a safe height and drifted away, south of east. 

The departure of The Peoria gave the crowd the first impression of the great 
events of the program. Cheer after cheer followed. The pilot and his aid, 
as they mounted toward the skj-, doffed their hats in recognition. 

The departure of The Missouri came quickly. That balloon was swung before 
the grandstand by the same men who had assisted Bemis in getting off. At 4:02 
o'clock the basket was released and The Missouri rose evenly. Spencer, one of the 
least emotional of the aeronauts, relaxed sufficiently at the height of 100 feet to 
wave his handkerchief. A cheer from the grandstand and street was the response 
of the spectators. As a farewell joke, Spencer threw out a handful! of the cards 
which each of the balloons carried. These cards announced the Centennial Week 
features. They were distributed widely by the aeronauts in the course of their 
flights. 

The two small balloons, in getting away without difficulty, set the successful 
examples. All of the large balloons, which went up afterwards, were equally as 
fortunate. There was no suggestion of accident during the day. The flights of 
The Peoria and The Missouri, as well as those of the larger balloons, were 
carefully obsen-ed by Lieutenant G. C. Sweet, who, for two years, has represented 
the United States Government at aeronautic events. 

Eight large balloons, comprising the largest niunber which ascended in a single 
American aeronautic event, were sent away in the St. Louis Centennial long- 
distance contest for spherical balloons. All were between 78,000 and 80,000 cubic 
feet capacity". Their pilots expected to be able to remain in the air forty hours or 
more. A cloudless sk>- and hardly more than a breath of air provided almost ideal 
conditions for the ascensions, each balloon being enabled to get away on its 
flight without delay from weather conditions. 

"Be good, boys," shouted Captain Thomas Scott Baldwin to J. H. Wade, Jr., 
and A. H. Morgan, pilot and aid of the Cleveland, the first of the big balloons to fly. 
Morgan was a nephew of J. Pierpont Morgan. Wade also was wealthy. They 
remained at the St. Louis Club during the day imtil an hour before the time for 
them to go up, while men in their employ prepared the balloon for them. With a 
score of the members of the balloon corps of the National Guard of Missouri 
clinging to the basket, the Cleveland, the propert\- of Wade, its pilot, was swung 
around before the grandstand. They were introduced to the spectators by means 
of a megaphone manipulated by Charles P. Senter, and were warmly congratulated 
by friends who crowded about them. 

"Hands off, everj-one !" shouted Morgan, dropping a bag of sand to lighten the 
basket. Rising gracefully from the ground at 4:40 o'clock the big balloon drifted 
gently to the southeast, clearing the neighboring housetops by fiftj' feet 

After an inter\-al of eight minutes the second of the large balloons, the St. Louis 
IIL, rose with equal grace and started in pursuit of the Cleveland. "I Don't Know- 
Where I'm Going, but I'm on My Way" was the air the band struck up just as 
the basket containing S. Louis Von Phul, pilot, and Joseph M. O'Reilly, aid, cleared 
the ground. Von Phul sang the words with a broad smile as he mounted skyward. 



Welcome Day 61 

To provide against emergency, Von Phul carried a rifle in his basket. He said 
it was to kill game if his balloon landed him in a wilderness. He almost proved 
himself a prophet. 

The Centennial, H. Eugene Honeywell's new balloon, named in honor of St. 
Louis' Centennial, was the third to ascend. Its pilot was Honeywell, with J. W. 
Tolland as aid. Honej^well's balloon was considered a favorite in the race. It was 
built after the latest design. When the Centennial was put in position before the 
grandstand Mr. Honeywell's wife and little daughter bent over the basket and kissed 
him good-by. This balloon, starting heavily ballasted at 4:52 o'clock, barely 
cleared the housetops to the south of the grounds, and within half a mile began 
to descend Aeronauts and others on the field watched anxiously until, after a 
few minutes, the big bag swung upward and drifted slowly after the Cleveland 
and St. Louis III. 

The Pommery was the next to leave. Its owner. M. Leroy Taylor, of New 
York, who acted as aid to Xathan H. Arnold, the pilot, reached the grounds only 
an hour or so before the ascension. Arnold, a professional aeronaut, was in the 
St. Louis II. when it fell into the Xorth Sea during the Berlin races. Taylor, who 
was almost ready to qualifj' as a licensed pilot, was a close friend of other New 
York aeronauts who were participating in the races. The New Yorkers gave him 
an enthusiastic farewell as his basket, at 4:58 o'clock, left the ground. 

Clifford B. Harmon, owner and pilot of the New York, the most expensive 
balloon in the race, arrived just as the Pommery was leaving. "Good-by, Taylor !" 
he shouted. "We'll be along directly. Look out we don't catch you." Harmon, 
a millionaire real estate operator in New York, was on the grounds only two 
minutes before his flight. He leisurely clambered into the basket, where his aid, 
Augustus Post, was awaiting him. 

"There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight." was the parting message 
which John Berry, pilot, and W. C. Fox, aid, of the University City, received from 
the band when they started on their flight at 5:15 o'clock. Berry had much trouble 
during the day. He did not arrive at the grounds until late, and when he opened 
fiis balloon he found several cuts in it. When it was being inflated he discovered 
others, and some time was taken in putting patches on the bag, which had turned 
dark with age. When the University rose it looked speckled, there were so many 
white patches on the surface. Berry's troubles were increased by the failure of his 
aid to report until late in the afternoon. By that time the pilot had declared he 
would make the ascension alone if Fox failed to appear. Berry won the champion- 
ship race at Indianapolis, and hoped to win this one, although his balloon was the 
oldest in the race and had been at one time discarded by its owner. "Do the same 
as you did in Indianapolis," shouted one of his admirers as the University City 
basket was released. "Don't come back unless you bring a record with you," cried 
another. 

H. H. McGill. owner and pilot of the Indiana, undeterred by a series of accidents, 
was the next off^. Saturday, while lifting his balloon at the grounds, McGill strained 
himself, and Sunday was in the hands of a surgeon, who advised him strongly 
against making the race. His illness kept him away from the field until early in 
the afternoon, but when he arrived he set men to work getting his balloon in order, 
superintending the operation from the ground where he lay stretched at full 
length. McGill also had to contend with the fact that he was considered a free 
lance in the race; it was understood that if he went the greatest distance he would 
not receive the prize and would not be counted winner. This was because his license 



63 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

from the Aero Club of America did not arrive by wire Monday, as he expected. 
McGill, who was town marshal of Osborne, Ind., and State game and fish warden of 
Indiana, had made 342 ascensions, but he had never qualified as pilot. Albert Bond 
Lambert, Augustus Post and Clifford B. Harmon wired the New York office of 
the Aero Club of America Sunday asking that McGill be licensed and that the 
license be sent by wire. McGill contended that if the license arrived at any time 
prior to the finish of the race he would receive recognition. The difficulties McGill 
encountered delayed him to such an extent that, instead of leaving third, as he should 
have done, he left seventh, getting away at 5:20 o'clock. His aid was J. E. Schauer, 
of Osborne. 

Doctor P. M. Crume, acting pilot of the Hoosier, was in much the same position 
that McGill was, except that he could not even hope to receive a license before the 
end of the race. The Hoosier, of Dayton, Ohio, entered by the Aero Club of 
Indiana, was to have been piloted by Charles Walsh, but he did not arrive. Dr. 
Crume, Walsh's aid, turned pilot and appointed Dr. L. E. Custer, of Dayton, his 
aid. Failure to get the balloon ready forced it to leave last instead of sixth, its 
regular place. It was twenty-seven minutes after the Indiana departed before the 
Hoosier started. The grandstand was practically deserted. 

Farmers who mistook one of the big gas bags for an advertising balloon and 
fired numerous shots at it in the hope of capturing a $10.00 prize, kept Morris A. 
Heimann and John Bennett in a constant state of apprehension during their flight 
in the New South St. Louis. They landed at Laredo, Mo., 205 miles from St. Louis, 
after a charge of buckshot narrowly missed Heimann. When near the little town 
of Laredo the shot that came near making of their pleasure trip a tragedy convinced 
them it would be foolhardy to proceed farther. The landing was made in safety. 
The man who had fired the last shot appeared on the scene in a few moments, 
greatly perturbed. "I read about those advertising balloons," he said, "and thought 
I would just bring down one of those $10.00 bills." During the night Heimann and 
Bennett met the Peoria, carrying James Bemis and George E. Smith, and traveled 
along with them for some time. "We had our lights lighted and so had they," 
said Heimann, "and when they got near us I hailed them. After an exchange of 
a few words we invited them down to luncheon, but they had a previous engage- 
ment and couldn't accept. Then I got out my banjo and Bennett and I serenaded 
for some time. I guess it must have sounded kind of weird to the people below its." 
Heimann was caustic in his remarks concerning the plan of sending up the adver- 
tising balloons just before the other ascents were made. "They might have known 
the farmers would shoot at those little balloons in order to bring them to earth," 
he said. "It was placing the balloonists in unnecessary danger. There is enough 
danger in the sport itself without adding to it. Even if none of the aeronauts 
were hurt by a bullet it would have been very easy to cause a leak that might lead 
to a serious accident." The New South St. Louis sailed independently, leaving 
the Rutger street gas works instead of the Aero Club field. 

This unprecedented flight of balloons came to its conclusion Wednesday evening. 
Three records had been broken in the Lahm cup race. 

"Tony" Von Phul, pilot of the St. Louis III., came down at Mille Lac, Minn., 
making a total distance of about 580 miles, exceeding the present Lahm cup record 
by more than lOO miles. His title to the Lahm Cup was contested by H. H. McGill, 
pilot of the Indiana. 

Clifford B. Harmon, pilot, and Augustus Post, secretary of the Aero Club of 
America, aid, of the balloon New York, broke two other records when they beat 



Welcome Day 63 

Honeywell by a record of forty-eight hours and twenty-five minutes in the air. 
According to Post, this exceeded all previous world's records. This balloon also 
broke the record for greatest altitude, with a height of 24,200 feet. Honeywell was 
a close second in the endurance contest, with forty-seven hours and forty-seven 
minutes to his credit. Until Honeywell's landing at Silas, Alabama, 4:05 p. m. 
Wednesday, was ascertained, it was thought that he had been in the air longest. 

The best previous endurance record was made by LeBlanc and Edward Mix 
in the races from St. Louis two years before, with time in air of forty-four hours. 
The best previous altitude records locally had been in the neighborhood of 15,000 
feet. 

The New York landed at 5:41 p. m. Wednesday at Edina, Mo., a distance of 
189 miles from St. Louis. The balloon traveled over Missouri, Arkansas and 
Oklahoma. It circled twice over parts of Missouri. 

McGill and J. H. Shauer, his aid, in the Indiana, landed at Albany, Minn., at 
10 a. m. Wednesday. Their descent was caused by Shauer's illness, and a windstorm 
which the aeronauts met at a low altitude. When they threw out the greater part 
of their ballast they arose to a height of 10,000 feet, and were nearly frozen by 
the severe cold. They alternated in rubbing each other's stiffening limbs. The Indiana 
sailed in the race "contested," which meant it competed for the trophy under a 
special license granted in the emergency by the Aero Club of America. It was 
in the air forty-one hours and thirty-five minutes. When the Indiana reached 
Minnesota it struck a cold-air current, which caused the balloon to descend rapidly. 
The frantic efforts to stop the downward trend resulted in sending the balloon 
as rapidly to a great height, where the altitude-recording instruments failed to 
register. When a current of air was reached which was favorable to the flight, 
the broken country of Minnesota loomed into view and the aeronauts decided to 
descend. 

In speaking of his trip, Mr. Von Phul said regarding the raising of the question 
that he was not qualified for the race : "The fact that I entered the race vi'as 
notification enough. Anyway, whether I win the cup or not, I entered into tha 
race for the sport and I have the satisfaction of knowing that I made the longest 
flight. We left St. Louis at 4 :so o'clock Monday afternoon, the second to go up, 
and landed at Waukon, near Mille Lac, at 9:35 o'clock Wednesday morning. I 
attribute my success to the fact that I kept close to the ground while the others 
took higher altitudes. The trip was an uneventful one, except that we circled over 
Glasgow, Mo., three times, on account of adverse currents, and thought we were 
'hoodooed' there. We threw off everything we could to get higher, and began to 
head for Kansas City. We thought we were going to sweep across Nebraska, but 
during the night a northern breeze caught us and we began to cross Iowa like a 
streak Tuesday night. When daylight came we hardly knew where we were. We 
must have traveled at the rate of fifty miles an hour for a time. When we got into 
the vicinity of Mille Lac, we thought it was Lake Superior. We were about 1,000 
feet up and did not think it safe to cross. We shouted to a farmer to learn our 
location, and he told us what county we were in, but that did not help us, as our 
map did not show counties. He informed us that we would be safe in crossing; 
but as we had only an orange between us in the way of food, and as we were 
hungry, having had nothing to eat since Tuesday afternoon, we decided to land. We 
shot toward land at a terrific rate, but landed in a marsh of grass in good condition." 

J. W. Wade, Jr., and A. H. Morgan, aid, of the Cleveland, were winners of the 
fourth cash prize of $200 offered by the Aero Club of St. Louis. They landed at 



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Welcome Day 65 

MermcMi-Taccard-King, near Piockneyville, IH-, 6i miles. 

Meyer Bros. Drug Compsnj, at ^Mnkle, HL, 59^^ ^nHp^ 

Greeley Printery, at Winkle, DJ., 59>5 miles. 

Scruggs, Vanderroort & Barney, at ConlterFille, IlL, 51 miles. 

Tesse Fxeach Piano Company, near Conlterville, III., 49 miles. 

Blanke-Wcnneker Candy Company, near Cooltcrville, DL, 49 miles. 

Brown Shoe Company, at Tildeo, 111., 43 miles. 

Ste in wender-Stogrcgen Coffee Company, near Marissa, HL, 4154 m^*"* 

Peters Shoe Cm n p an y, near Marissa, CL, 40 m'l es . 

Carleton I>ry Goods Company, Marina, HL, 40 miles. 

Simmons Hardware Company, Marissa, HL, 40 miles. 

Hanley-Kinsella Co£^ee Company, near Lenzbnrg, IlL, 39 miles. 

BoHman Bros. Piano Conipany, near Xew Athens, HL, 35 miles. 

Fcrgnson-McKinney Dry Goods Company, near Kew Athens, HI., 34 miles. 

Prafrock-Lition Fomitore Company, near Xew Athens, IIL, 32 miles. 

Erlcer Bros., near New Athens. IIL, 32 miles. 

Ecnsard & Sons Carpet Company, at Lementon, DL, 27 t"^^**^ 

Ely-WalireT Dry Goods Company, at Freeburg, HL, 26 "i<1«*g 

The aeronautic program of Centennial Week was conducted by the Aero Qub 
of St Louis, the officers and committees being as follows : 

L D. Dozier, President, G. H. Walker, Vice-President, 

D. R- Franos, \'ice-President, A. B. Lambert, Hon. Secretary, 

D. C. Xagent, ^'ice-Preside^t, H. X. Daris, Treasurer, 

J. W. Kearney, Se cretar y. 

Board of Governors. 

L. D. Dozier, D. C Xugcnt. A. B. Lambert, a H. Walker, 

J. E. Smith, Lewis B. Ely, Dani G. Taylor, H, X. EteTis, 

D. R. Frands. Ed. A. Faast, D. R. Calhonn, Rolla Wells, 

Robt. McCnlloch. 

Gromids Committee — ^Albert Bond Lambert, Chairman. 
Adclphcs Meier. J. E. Sm ?t> it 

Committee <m Exhilntioos and Contests — G. H. Walker, Chairtnan. 
D. C. Xngent, Eugene Cnendet. 

Eaterrainment and House Commirtee — E. A. Fanst, ChairiEsn. 

E. MaOinckrodt, Jr., Otto F. StifeL Edward F. Goltra, H. W. ABeii. 
John P. Lee, George M. Wright, T. K. Xiedringhaos, Robt. H. Keiser. 
A. C CsTirch. D. a Taylor, 

Reception Committee — Engcne Cnendet, Chairman. 
Csarles P. Senter, James W. Beoiis, Sam C Onhb, Edwin A. Lemp. 

Isaa^ Cc.:k. H. X. Daris, Harlow Spencer, Dr. O. E. Forster. 

S. L- Tcn PhnL Sid Bixby, 



NIGHT 



THE WELCOME AT THE COLISEDM 

Music by the Symphony Orchestra, addresses of greeting and of 
response. stereopticcHi views of St. Louis, past and present, entertained the 
visiting Mayors and 5,oco other people at the Coliseum Monday evening. 
The Welcome Mass Meeting was tmder the direction of the Civic League. 
To an andieuce of 5.000. David R. Francis, chairman of the Mayors' reception 
awnmittee, intrbdnced President Joseph L. Homsby of the Gvic League. Before 



GQ St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

presenting Mayor Kreismann to extend the official welcome of the city to the 
visiting Mayors, Mr. Hornsby said the League was proud that it had been called 
upon to act as host at this first public meeting of Centennial Week. "We feel," he 
said, "that the work the League has done for the city is not unappreciated." 

Mayor Kreismann was received with cordial applause. After he had expressed 
the gratification of the city at the presence of the Mayors he said : 

We pause in our progress for a moment of festivities. We believe that by 
so doing we can better measure our achievements, and thereby stimulate and animate 
a desire on the part of our people for yet greater development. 

We have planned perhaps a strenuous week, and yet I hope we will find time and 
occasion to fittingly reflect upon the qualities and spirit of the men who, with 
initiative genius, loo years ago gave the inspiration to the establishment of this city. 

The progress of the century, which is now closed, demonstrates that the geo- 
graphical location of St. Louis was a point of advantage. The achievements of the 
past century demonstrate that St. Louis is the orb of the Mississippi Valley, that 
her natural resources are as yet undeveloped, and that her industries are but infants, 
compared to what we confidently trust may be demonstrated by another century. 

We have confidence in the future. We look upon the past with pride, but to the 
future with anticipation, for St. Louis, the fourth city of the Republic today, gives 
promise that before another century shall come and go she will be unrivaled in her 
industrial importance on this hemisphere. 

A significant feature of the Welcome mass meeting was the announcement of 
Governor Hadley that the question of home rule for the large cities of Missouri 
would be submitted to the voters of the State. He said he would have a bill pre- 
pared, and would head the list of signers to invoke the initiative. He continued : 

The great problem of the cities today is that of the extent to which the people 
of cities shall govern their own affairs. It seems to be a question that we cannot 
entirely divorce from politics. A year ago I advocated the people's ability to govern 
themselves. I endeavored to put these principles into legal enactments after I took 
office, and now, after nine months of experience as Governor of Missouri, I am more 
than ever convinced that the solution of the problem of proper government is home 
rule for the larger cities. I will continue to champion this cause. 

The Governor now has to control the police and election and excise affairs of 
St. Louis, Kansas City and St. Joseph, which three municipalities represent a 
population of over 1,000,000. This power was invested in earlier times, when the 
question of municipal government had not been elevated to the importance it now 
holds. The best cure for democracy is more democracy; the best government is to 
give the people of a municipality the power and responsibility of governing them- 
selves. I believe St. Louis is destined to solve the great problems of municipal 
government. After a careful investigation I am convinced that the best solution of 
municipal government is concentrated power in a few men, and the demand on the 
part of the people that that power be honestly and judiciously exercised. 

To the welcoming sentiments by the Mayor of St. Louis and the Governor of 
Missouri, the Mayors of Toronto and of New Orleans responded appreciatively and 
happily. 

Mayor Oliver, of Toronto, described the operation in his city of the policy 
advocated by Mayor Kreismann. He said that if the people wanted a section of the 
city set apart for commercial houses, for factories or for residences, they got up a 
petition and presented it to the Council. If the petition was fairly representative 
of public sentiment, the Council enacted the legislation desired and the thing was 
done. Mayor Oliver continued : 

We have also solved to a great degree the problem of the railroads. We lease 
our streets to the railroad at a rate of $800 for each mile of track. In addition to 
this the roads have to pay the city a percentage on their gross receipts. They pay 
8 per cent of the first $1,000,000, 10 per cent for the next $500,000 and they pay on 



Welcome Day 



67 



all receipts over $3,000,000 20 per cent. Last year the city*s revenue from this 
source was $498,000, and this year we expect to get about $600,000. Then, Toronto 
has made an agreement, with the government of the Province of Ontario, for an 
electric transmission line to supply all the territory within a large radius about 
Toronto with electricity from Niagara Falls at a cost that is 25 per cent lower than 
that now paid. Our city is expending at present $7,000,000 for municipal improve- 
ments. 

Mayor Behrman, of New Orleans, came to the Centennial with four aldermen of 
his city. In his address at the Welcome Mass Meeting he spoke of the close 
relations between New Orleans and St. Louis. He said: 

We are so closely related through historic ties that it is but natural for the citizens 
of the great metropolis of the lower Mississippi Valley to be sincerely anxious to 
express their felicitations to the citizens of the upper Mississippi Valley on this festive 
occasion, for neither distance nor geographical boundaries, since established, can 
dissolve the bond which unites these people. 

I want you to feel that I come from a section of this great country whose people 
wish to share in the joy, the happiness, the pride, which you experience in the won- 
derful progress you have made during the century which has elapsed since St. Louis 
was incorporated. I want you to understand that there is not a visitor in this 
assemblage who does not appreciate most heartily the warm welcome just extended. 

The musical program given by the Symphony Orchestra during the Welcome 
Mass Meeting was as follows: 

March, "Pomp and Circumstance" Elgar 

Overture, "Jubel" Von Weber 

Selection from "I'Pagliacci" Leoncavallo 

Selection from "Babes in Toyland" Herbert 

Waltz, "Badner Madl'n" Komzak 

Fantasie from "Lohengrin" Wagner 

(a) Barcarolle from "Tales of Hoffman" Offenbach 

(b) Gavotte "Amaryllis" Ghys 

8. American Fantasie Herbert 

The committee in charge of the mass meeting, representing the Civic League, 
was composed of: 



R. N. Baldwin, 
Dr. W. Baumgarten, 
Wm. D. Becker, 
Wm. S. Bedal. 
Wm. Bitting, Jr., 
Paul Blackwelder, 



E. M. Grossman, Chairman, 
W. W. Boyd, Jr., H. A. Hamilton, 



H. G. Cleveland, 
F. W. Drosten, Jr., 
Henry T. Ferriss, 
Alexander Gait, 
Lee W. Hagerman, 



Samuel C. McCluney, 
T. S. McPheeters, Jr., 
Geo. C. Mackey, 
Claude L. Matthews, 
Lansing Ray, 



Boyle O. Rodes, 
Leighton Shields, 
Rolland W. Switzler, 
R. H. Switzler, 
Horace M. Swope, 
Ralph Whitelaw, 



VEILED PROPHET DAY 



Tuesday, October 5th. 

FROM BATEAUX TO MOTOR BOATS 

In the clays before steamboats Governor William Clark and Thomas 
H. Benton, who had not at that time become United States Senator, col- 
laborated to estimate what they called "the boatable waters" of the 
Mississippi and tributaries. They made the navigable distances 50,cxx) 
miles— 30,000 above and 20,000 below St. Louis. 

"Of course," wrote Mr. Benton, long afterwards, "we counted all of 
the infant streams on which a flat, a keel or a bateau could be floated." 

They agreed that of this immense system of navigable water, St. Louis 
was the central point with a great destiny before it. The pirogue was 
the freight boat on the Mississippi before steam. It was built like the 
barge of a later period. The length varied from thirty-five to sixty feet ; 
the depth from twelve to fifteen feet. One of these crafts could carry 
thirty to forty tons of freight. The pirogue was poled in shallow water. 
It was towed by a long line like a canal boat. Three months was the 
time required to make the trip from New Orleans to St. Louis. 

Just one hundred years ago, in 1809, Mr. Roosevelt made an examina- 
tion of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to determine whether steamboating 
was practicable upon these streams. He was associated with Robert 
Fulton and Robert R. Livingston, who described themselves as "native 
citizens of the United States and residing in the State of New York." As 
a result of Mr. Roosevelt's report to Mr. Fulton and to Mr. Livingston 
those gentlemen addressed a memorial to the Legislature sitting at St. 
Louis in 1810, asking the exclusive privilege of operating a steamboat or 
steamboats to and from St. Louis for a period of years. They stated 
that they had obtained such an exclusive right in New York and that 
they had been running the North river steamboat and the Car of Nep- 
tune between New York and Albany under that privilege. They ofifered 
in return for such a franchise from the Legislature at St. Louis to build 
a boat within three years capable of carrying seventy tons of merchandise 
and of moving at the rate of three and one-half miles an hour in still 
water. The boat was to be moved by force of steam. They agreed to 
perform the voyages in less than three-fourths of the time usually required 
by mercantile boats and to carry merchandise at not more .than three- 
fourths of the sum usually paid on boats not moving by steam. 



70 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The disposition of the apphcation of Robert Fulton and Robert R. 
Livingston to the Legislature of St. Louis was indicated by this endorse- 
ment on the back of the paper : "Ordered to lie on the table October 23, 
1810. Taken into consideration and postponed until next session." That 
was the end of the matter. 

Seven years elapsed before the first steamboat reached St. Louis. 
That wonderful craft was the Zebulon M. Pike. It was a very primitive 
aflFair. The hull was built like a barge. The power was a low-pressure 
engine, with a walking beam. The wheels had no wheel houses. The 
boat had but one smokestack. Where the current was rapid the crew 
used poles to help out the steam power. The Pike ran only by daylight. 
A trip from Louisville to St. Louis and return required four weeks. One 
account gives the time as six weeks. The General Pike was such an 
object of of curiosity that Captain Jacob Reed charged the St. Louisans 
who wished to come on board a dollar apiece. The admission price was 
not prohibitive. Several times the boat became so crowded that the cap- 
tain stopped receiving and waited for those on the deck to go ashore. The 
mention of the coming and going of the Pike was made very briefly by the 
Missouri Gazette. 

The year after the coming of the Pike, some Ohio river men built a 
steamboat they called the St. Louis, and sent her around to this port. 
Captain Hewes invited a number of leading citizens to take a ride up to 
the mouth of the Missouri. The Gazette in its next issue reported that 
"the company on board was large and genteel and the entertainment very 
elegant." 

When Missouri entered the Union there was not a steamboat owned 
in the State, although this improvement in transportation was in use on 
the Ohio and Lower Mississippi. Above St. Louis the navigation was 
by barges. A decade after the Pike crept up to the St. Louis bank and 
half paddled, half floated away, St. Louisans still looked with conser- 
vatism, not to say doubt, upon steamboating. Along the Ohio nearly 
one hundred steamboats had been built and put in operation before this 
city became to the trade anything more than a landing place. Steam- 
boats came up to St. Louis, unloaded, loaded and left. In 1825 the 
Missouri Republican commented on the surprising fact that the two boats, 
the Brown and tlie Magnet, were stopping at this port for repairs : "We 
believe this is the first instance of a steamboat remaining here through 
the season of low water." 

St. Louis business men were slow to go into steamboating as a 
business. Cincinnati and Louisville were far ahead in the tonnage owned 
or controlled. Not until steamboats had been comine to the St. Louis 



Veiled Prophet Day 71 

levee a dozen years did St. Louis capital venture. As late as 1833 not 
more than two or three boats actually were owned in St. Louis. But 
when this conservative city awoke to the possibilities of river transporta- 
tion, other steamboat centers were quickly left behind. In 1850 St. 
Louis owned or controlled 24,955 tons ; Cincinnati, 16,906 tons ; Louis- 
ville, 14,820 tons. Three years later St. Louis had increased steamboat 
holdings to 45,441 tons. Cincinnati had decreased to 10,191, and Louis- 
ville to 14,166 tons. 

When the first steamboat arrived at St. Louis, the commerce of the 
Mississippi was carried on with twenty barges of 100 tons and 160 keel 
and flatboats of 30 tons. In 1834 there were 230 steamboats on the 
Mississippi and its tributaries, 285 in 1840; two years later, 450: the next 
year, 672. In 1846, the number of steamboats was 1,190. 

Allied as was the Missouri Gazette a century ago to everything mater- 
ially aflfecting St. Louis, editorial judgment was reserved on each new 
proposition until it could be thoroughly considered. By way of illustration, 
it may be recalled that the Gazette viewed steam navigation as problemati- 
cal for some time after the first boat, the Pike, arrived at the St. Louis 
wharf. One reason for this was the feeling of doubt about steam naviga- 
tion on the Missouri. St. Louis had vital trade interests in the Missouri. 
The Pike had made three and three-quarter miles against the Ohio current. 
If that was the best the steam engine afloat could do, the motive power 
would not succeed on the Missouri. Editor Charless looked upon the 
experiments without much enthusiasm until he was entirely convinced. 
About the ist of May, 1819, the Maid of Orleans came into port at St. 
Louis. She had steamed from Philadelphia to New Orleans and then 
up the Mississippi to St. Louis. Then the editor frankly acknowledged 
his skepticism, glorified the new era of steam navigation, and published in 
the Gazette this confession and congratulation : 

In 181 7, less than two years ago, the first steamboat arrived in St. 
Louis. We hailed it as the day of small things, but the glorious con- 
summation of all our wishes is daily arriving. Who would or could have 
dared to conjecture that in 1819 we would have witnessed the arrival of a 
steamboat from Philadelphia or New York. Yet such is the fact. The 
Mississippi has become familiar to this great American invention, and 
another new avenue is open. 

Having become converted. Col. Charless hailed an accomplishment of 
the following month with most emphatic endorsement. The Independence 
left St. Louis and went up the Mississippi and the Missouri as far as 
Franklin, near Boonville. She was thirteen days on the way, but she 
did it and unloaded her cargo of flour, whiskey, sugar, iron castings. 



72 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

When, a month later, the Independence returned from this first steam 

navigation on the Missouri, the Gazette said: 

This trip forms a proud event in the history of Missouri. The Mis- 
souri has hitherto resisted almost effectually all attempts at navigation. 
She has opposed every obstacle she could to the tide of emigration which 
was rolling up her banks and dispossessing her dear red children; but her 
white children, although children by adoption, have become so numerous, 
and are increasing so rapidly, that she is at last obliged to yield them 
her favor. The first attempt to ascend her by steam has succeeded, and 
we anticipate the day as speedy when the Missouri will be as familiar to 
steamboats as the Mississippi or Ohio. Captain Nelson merits and will 
receive deserved credit for his enterprise and public spirit in this under- 
taking. 

MORNING 



THE CENTENNIAL WATER PAGEANT 

Crowds began to form on the levee as early as 8 o'clock in the morn- 
ing. Noel Poepping's American band of fifty pieces played at the landing 
of the harbor boat. The Industrial School Boys' band, upon reaching the 
levee, was marched to the upper deck of the Wells and began to play 
promptly in youthful rivalry with the professionals. Mayor Kreismann, 
followed by over 300 of the visiting Mayors, who came in groups with 
their escorts. The Erastus Wells, carrying the city's guests, moved out 
to mid-stream where the torpedo flotilla was lined in single column, 
dressed for the event. At the head of the flotilla was the Macdonough, 
Lieutenant W. G. Mitchell, United States Navy, At the conclusion of 
the pageant. Lieutenant Mitchell expressed to Sam D. Capen, chairman 
of the day, an enthusiastic opinion. He said it was the greatest pageant 
of the kind he had witnessed in this country. As a demonstration of 
strength and efficiency of rowing and motor clubs in the St. Louis harbor, 
he commended it most highly. 

Mayor Kreismann gave expression to the Centennial spirit in the 
morning aboard the Erastus Wells, as he watched the brilliantly decorated 
craft swing by: "Oh, this is bully!" he said. "We certainly have got a 
fine start on the week. Now let everything hum. I had no idea we had 
so many pleasure craft in St. Louis. This is great ; simply great !" 

Standing near was Martin Behrman, Mayor of New Orleans. "This 
is the greatest thing of the kind I ever saw," said Mayor Behrman. The 
same sentiment was expressed by the other men of the party. 

The pageant was seen by 250,000 people massed along the banks of the river. 
The course was four miles from the Merchants' bridge to the foot of Market street. 
At the Eads bridge and between Carr and Market streets, the throngs were especially 



Veiled Prophet Day 



73 



notable. Not fewer than 25,000 viewed the spectacle from the Eads bridge. Upon 
the levees from Carr to Market streets were 150,000. To the cheering of these 
spectators was added the screaming of steamboat, railroad and factory whistles on 
both sides of the river. Excursion steamers were crowded, roofs of buildings 
far back from the river were covered with people. 

The pageant moved at 10:05 a. m. The signal was given from the cabin cruiser, 
the Harriett, the official flagship flying the pennant of Dr. G. M. Phillips, the com- 
modore commanding. Captain Jos. J. Dunn, supervising surveyor of steam vessels 
of the St. Louis district, and his inspectors. Captain Archibald Gordon and Captain 
W. J. McDonald, were in charge of police arrangements on the water. Captain 
Dunn having the speed boat, the Missouri, and the other inspectors having patrol 
boats. The course was under government control. Large steamboats were not 
permitted to participate in the pageant because of possible interference with the 
movement of the shells and smaller power boats. 

The flagship Harriett led the parade, followed by fifty shells — two oars, three 
oars and up to ten oars. The shells moved in a double column. Behind were in 
order the four divisions of power boats arranged according to length, from twenty- 
five feet up to seventy-five feet. There were hundreds of these power boats. 
Enthusiasm of the spectators increased to highest pitch when the Independence H., 
owned by E. C. Koenig, drove past the torpedo boat destroyer, the Macdonough, 
at the rale of thirty miles an hour. 

In the division of shells were represented the Century Boat Club, the Western 
Rowing Club, the North End Rowing Club, the Mound City Rowing Club and the 
Central Rowing Club. 

In the power boat division were the St. Louis Power Boat Association, the North 
End Club, the Central Club, the Century Club, the South Side Club, the Carondelet 
Club, the Mound City Club, the Wellston Hunting Ckib, the Western Rowing Club. 
The Alton and St. Charles fleets sent delegations. The Sparks No. 2, one of the 
finest launches on inland waters, C. S. Sparks owner, was in the parade. Among 
the elaborately decorated launches were the Irma, the Emmat, the Marjorie, the 
Yankee and the Eleanor. 

The pageant moved at a speed of ten miles an hour. The formation was perfect 
and no serious accident occurred. One of the features that attracted special notice 
was a sixteen-foot launch, the O. U. Kidd, run by E. S. Sebree. The converted 
yacht, the Huntress, manned by the Missouri Naval Militia, was anchored just 
below the Eads bridge and above the torpedo boat line. The Huntress was decor- 
ated with the flags of all nations. Lieutenant Commander Roberts of the Huntress 
paid his respects officially to Lieutenant Mitchell on the Macdonough. 

Among the individual owners entering power boats were : 



H. Anstett. 


N. Courvoisier. 


W. H. Durling. 


Charles Gruet. 


0. W. Appel. 


F. E. A. Curley. 


W. Elmore. 


W. E. Gorgia. 


P. D. Barbour and C. 


E. Christ. 


C. C. English. 


F. Gastrich, 


C. English. 


H. B. Coulter. 


C. Fox and L. Lam- 


H. Guenther. 


0. S. Baldwin. 


J. T. Drury. 


brecht. 


E. E. Green. 


Charles Brecht. 


John Decker. 


H. P. Finigan. 


E. Gandard. 


E. E. Biier. 


J. Dohner. 


0. Fritsch. 


Hinde and Cowdy. 


W. S. Bringhurst. 


F. Duetmenn. 


F. W. Feuerbacher. 


Con Henneberger. 


T. C. Burnes. 


C. H. Doerner. 


A. F. and C. A. Fach. 


C. F Ilufschmidt. 


C. C. Butler. 


A. L. Dates. 


Max Gutke. 


Tim Hurst. 


A. G. Bromley, 


John M. Dahmer. 


H. M. Geller, 


C. W. Handlan. 


G. Balz. 


M. Dieckman and H. 


C. H. Gray. 


Lee Ilagain. 


R. H. Combs. 


Weiss. 


Robert Graf. 


G. P. Heldt. 



74 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



Haimemann and 

Heavens. 
C- A, Jones- 
A. F. Jacobs. 
Charles C James. 
W. H. Kilpatrick. 
Harry Kaiser. 
G. B. Koenig. 
F. G. Koenig. 
E. Koenig. 
M. Kmeger. 
H Kirtman. 
A. Krohn. 
A. E. King. 
Herman Kastmp. 
Harry Kenser. 
P. Koemer. 
E. C. Koken. 
W. A. Logan. 
Larson and Jud. 
A. Leicht, 
H. Lippert. 
Tames McOellan. 



A. Mneller. 
J. R. McAlpine. 
W. Mohnkom. 
\V. Maier. 

C. B. Menaugii. 
\V. A. Meyer. 
Charles H. Muetze. 
H. Xoortwick. 

Ed Nachtwei- 

J. L. Niemeyer. 

\V. F. Oberhaus. 

Joe O'Brien. 

P. Ploesser. 

Dr. G. M. PhilUps. 

O. Peterson. 

Harry Rehling. 

William Rudolf. 

A- Reindinger. 

F. G. Reinheimer, Jr. 

T. O'Rourke. 

D. P. Roach. 

H. L. Randolph. 
Clarence Robidoa, 



Al Reiciunan. 

E. L. Regan. 

P. H. Rodimer. 
James Reetl and Ben 

Morlock. 
A. W. Stiles. 
H. C. Stratholt. 
R. E. Stimmers. 
C F. Sparks. 
Dr. C. D. Stevens. 
St. Loois Cruising 

Qub. 
Tames P. Schneider. 
\V. Schilling. 
A. J. Schnurr. 

F. J. Swain. 

Een Siesle and Leslie 

Blackmore. 
\V. C. Specht 
Quiocy L. Sloctimb. 
Fred Schroeder. 
J. R. Schmidt 



Dr. Arthur M. Stock- 

hoff. 
J. Schneider. 
Christ Stellner. 
Dr. M. C Starkloff. 
T. Slinger. 
W. J. Sinning. 
L. Sprodling. 
A. Thoman, 
\V. Thompson. 
ToUe Gasser and Kos- 

termeyer. 
R. J. Tunmclj£f. 
Peter Triefenbach. 
C Vorhauer. 
E. D. Wert. 
R. C Wright. 
C. S. Wright. 
George Worley. 
Charles Wunsch. 
J. Wessel. 
A. L. ZeUer. 



The prizes were Centennial cups appropriately inscribed. The Eleanor, a forty- 
five-footer, owned by Charles von Brecht, vice-commodore of the Century Boat 
Club, captured first prize for size and the general scheme of her decorations. The 
Irma, owned by Dr. Max C. Starkloff, which was in the same class as the Eleanor. 
was awarded second prize. The third prize for twenty-five-footers, went to the 
EmmaL The Power Boat .-Kssociation won the first prize for the most boats in 
the parade: the Mound City won the first prize for the greatest ntmiber of row- 
boats; the North End won the first prize for excellence in form and rowing. The 
report of the judges follows: 

To Sam D. Capen, chairman of the day. the judges of the water pageant 

presented the following report : ,,,__. 

*^ o I- ^' ^ 5_ IQomton, 

St. Loois, Mo., Oct. 6, igog. 

My DE.\a Sra; Having been appointed as judges of the Water Parade for October 5, 1909. 
to award the prizes for numbers and excellence, we have the honor to submit the following 
report and recommend that the cups be distributed as follows: 

To Mound City Rowing Club for largest number of rowing craft. 
To the Xorth End Rowing Qub for excellence in form and rowing. 

To the St. Louis Power Boat Qub for greatest number of power iioats and launches in 
the parade. 

For the three best-decorated boats in the parade the awards are as follows: 
ist prize — The Eleanor — Mr. Chas. E. von Brecht, owTier. 
2d prize — The Irma — ^Dr. Max C Starkloff, owner. 
3d prize — The Emmat — H. Anstett and F. Jutzi, owners. 

In conclusion, we desire to say that we consider the Water Parade a great success in every 
way, and we are surprised to find so many power boats in the city of St. L-Duis. We congratulate 
you upon the exeeUent showing made. y^^ respectfully, 

(Signed) CHAS. A. BLAKELY, 
Lieut. U. S. .Vory, Cctmmanding U. S. S. Thornton. 
(Signed) C PEGRAM, 
Ensign U. S. Sacy, Commanding U. S. S. Wilkes. 
(Signed) W. H. COCHRANE. 

Ensign U. S. Navy. 

Lieutenant Mitchell, commanding the flotilla, expressed his concurrence in the 
report of the judges. 



Veiled Prophet Day 75 

THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE 

On a dull summer day of 1836 twenty-five young business men met 
and formed the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. The meeting place 
was the office of the Missouri Insurance Company on Main street, between 
Olive and Pine streets. The primary purpose was to agree upon certain 
regulations which the members would observe in their business. One 
of the first transactions was adoption of a tariflf of commissions to be 
charged on sales of produce and lead, on purchases and shipments of 
produce, on payment of freight bills, on advances to customers, on placing 
insurance, and on adjustment of losses. The chamber also fixed the 
schedule of fees for arbitration of business disputes and the rates of 
service for agents of steamboats. In short, the young men determined 
that business in these lines should be systematized. They founded what 
is today the oldest commercial trading organization in the United States. 
One of the most active of the twenty-five was George K. McGunnegle, 
who was at that time a member of the Legislature. At the next session, 
McGunnegle put through a bill incorporating the chamber and giving it 
a charter. The idea was so novel that the Legislature conferred power 
upon the organization to do anything it pleased which was not "contrary 
to the laws of the land." The only other restriction imposed was that 
the property which might be acquired should "not exceed at any time the 
sum of $20,000." In the very beginning the Chamber of Commerce took 
on the character of a public-spirited movement. The membership soon 
overflowed the insurance office. 

The exchange room of the Missouri Republican was offered to 
the Chamber of Commerce for the meetings, and was accepted. The 
exchange room was much frequented, being open to the public, except 
when the Chamber of Commerce was in session. Out of the Chamber 
of Commerce, with its meetings to consider subjects germane to business 
interests of the city, and out of the Merchants' Exchange and news room, 
where papers were kept on file and to which business men resorted for 
conversation, developed the idea "on 'change." The members of the 
committee of seven chosen to take charge of this Merchants' Exchange 
movement were Adam Black Chambers and Nathaniel Paschall, newspaper 
men ; John D. Daggett and John B. Camden, both of whom became 
Mayors of St. Louis ; Rene Paul, the first city engineer ; William Glasgow 
and Edward Tracy, merchants. 

A wonderful record of cheerful giving the Merchants' Exchange made. 
In two generations the amounts raised by popular subscriptions on 'change 
for emergency relief were nearly $1,000,000. From Portland, Maine, to 
San Francisco, from Chicago to Galveston, this body of St. Louis business 



76 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

men extended the generous hand. To suffering fellow men in Ireland 
and Germany, these men of the daily mart loosened the purse strings. 
Flood and drought, yellow fever and fire, cyclone and earthquake, tidal 
wave and cloudburst — no matter what the occasion — the responses from 
the members of the Merchants' Exchange came promptly and liberally. 
In the long and honorable history of the commercial body the contribu- 
tions to benevolence made a bright page. 



THE MAYORS' RECEPTION ON 'CHANGE 

"Open day of Centennial Week" on the Merchants' Exchange followed 
quickly the river pageant. The visiting Mayors, representing thirty 
States, were escorted from the levee to the Exchange, arriving there at 
1 1 :oo a. m. At the Third street entrance they were met by a special recep- 
tion committee, headed by Parker H. Litchfield and President Edward E. 
Scharff. Assistant Secretary Eugene Smith had planned the reception 
arrangements, and nothing was overlooked. 

Though the wires kept up an incessant clicking recording the deals in 
other cities, business was suspended. Preceded by Cavallo's band of forty 
pieces, the visiting party m.arched to the Exchange floor. The greeting 
was the cheer, characteristic and historic, from the assembled traders, an 
expression of appreciation and enthusiasm, which prompted broad smiles 
on the faces of those thus honored. 

The great hall was decorated with sheaves of grain and other farm products. 
The wives and daughters of many of the guests of the city were present. Before 
the assemblage was called to order, the Industrial School Boys' band and Cavallo's 
band played alternately. 

David R. Francis, chairman of the Centennial Reception Committee, introduced 
President E. E. Scharff. In doing so Mr. Francis spoke of the important part the 
Exchange had performed not only in the development of the trade of St. Louis, but 
of the entire Mississippi Valley. He commented upon the great service rendered 
by Secretary George H. Morgan in the many years he had held that office. 

"It gives me great pleasure to add to the welcome that you have already received, 
the cordial greeting of the Merchants' Exchange," said President Scharff when a 
lull came in the enthusiasm of the traders. 

Prior to the formal address of the President, the Mayors were shown the work- 
ing of the Exchange. They manifested keen interest, particularly those from 
smaller cities in agricultural belts. 

At the north end of the hall was an imposing pyramid of products of the flour 
milling concerns connected with the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis. The con- 
tributors to this very interesting display were : 

Aviston Milling Company, Aviston, 111. 

Bernet, Croft & Kauffman Manufacturing Company, Mount Carmel, III. 

H. C. Cole Milling Company, Chester, 111. 

Dean Milling Company, Ava, 111. 

Freeburg Milling Company, Freeburg. 111. 



i'^i^lt-^ 





. <'fl d 'U if 



'uwm 



W:. 







.. . !l^'lk * 



^^^^\i^^ 



Veiled Prophet Day 77 



Hezel Milling Company, East St. Louis, 111. 

Kehlor Flour Mills Company, East St. Louis, 111. 

Meek Milling Company, Marissa, 111. 

Millstadt Milling Company, Millstadt, III. 

George P. Plant Milling Company, St. Louis. 

Reichert Milling Company, Freeburg, 111. 

Pinckneyville Milling Company, Pinckneyvillc, III. 

Sauers Milling Company, Evansville, III. 

Saxony Mills, St. Louis. 

Schoening-Koenigsmark Milling Company, Prairie du Rocher, 111. 

Southern Illinois Mill and Elevator Company, Murphysboro, 111. 

Southern Roller Mills Company, St. Louis. 

Sparks Milling Company, Alton. 



AFTERNOON 



MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE LUNCHEON TO MAYORS 

At I :oo p. m. the visitors and their escorts and members of the 
Exchange to the number of between 600 and 700 marched to the Planters 
Hotel for luncheon, where President Scharflf presided. 

The speakers were Mayor F. H. Kreismann, St. Louis ; Mayor A. M. 
Walker, Louisiana, Mo. ; Mayor W. S. Jordan, Jacksonville, Fla. ; Mayor 
George L. Hutchin, Portland, Ore. ; Mayor Henry B. Denker, St. Charles, 
Mo. ; Mayor E. A. Matthews, Clanton, Ala. ; Mayor George L. Smith, 
Faribault, Minn., and Mayor J. W. Finnegan, Chadron, Neb. 

Others seated at the speakers' table were : Secretary George H. 
Morgan, of the Exchange ; Mayor T. T. Crittenden, Kansas City ; Mayor 
Edmond Beall, Alton ; E. F. Goltra, F. W. Lehmann, J. W. Folk, H. G. 
Craft, E. D. Tilton, H. B Sparks, Manning W. Cochrane, N. L. Moffitt, 
Eugene Smith, Manley G. Richmond, Henry Greve, P. H. Littlefield, 
chairman of the Exchange Reception Committee ; E. M. Flesh, George 
D. Markham, chairman of the Centennial Executive Committee ; Murray 
Carleton, E. O. Stanard, St. Louis ; Mayor W. A. Magee, Pittsburg, Pa. 

The guests were given as souvenirs, lead paper weights, supplied by 
Mayor Guy Humes, of Joplin. 

When the plates had been removed and cigars distributed President Scharff 
called on Mayor Kreismann. The St. Louis Executive was given a rousing cheer by 
visitors and merchants alike. Speaking to the Mayors, he said every one of them 
had been vouched for by the Centennial Committee, but if there were any doubters 
he could attest that they all had been pretty well looked over in their respective 
campaigns. This experience sally caused a general laugh. 

Mayor Alton M. Walker, of Louisiana, Mo., was the first visiting executive intro- 
duced. He said St. Louis was only a suburb of Louisiana, and that Pike County 
had furnished all of the great men in the metropolis. Describing old Pike, he said 
the roads there were better, the water clearer, grass greener, the women prettier 
than any other place in the world. As an afterthought, he remarked that whisky 
also was good, though Pike was more noted for its cider. 



78 • St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

William S. Jordan, Mayor of Jacksonville, Fla., spoke of the marvelous improve- 
ment since his last visit here, fifteen years ago. He had good words for the ener- 
getic St. Louis traveling salesmen, who, he said, were to be found everywhere in 
the South. He characterized St. Louis's trade relations with the South as wonderful. 

Henry B. Denker, Mayor of St. Charles, was next given an opportunity to boost 
the St. Charles Centennial. He invited all of the visiting Mayors and all St. 
Louis to help the first Missouri capital to celebrate. 

George L. Hutchin, Mayor of Portland, Ore., made a breezy speech, character- 
istic of the booming Northwest, from which he came 2,000 miles to pay Oregon's 
respects to the "coming greatest commercial center of the world." He thanked St. 
Louis for generously sending to the Portland Exposition the statuary used at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which he said "no city can ever hope to equal." A 
special tribute to former Governor Francis was paid by Mayor Hutchin. "Oregon 
is solid for him for anything he wants," he said, while the diners cheered. "We've 
got more Missourians in Oregon than you have in Missouri and that is why we 
have such a great State," he continued. 

Emmett A. Matthews, Mayor of Clanton (Pike County), Ala., gained recogni- 
tion from President Scharff and admitted he had to "tell somebody, somewhere, 
some time," just how much he was enjoying himself or he would bust. He was 
given a chance, and proved that Alabama's Pike County produces just as good 
orators as does Missouri's. 

James W. Finnegan, Mayor of Chadron, Neb., invited everybody to move to the 
Corn Huskers' State, and Mayor George L. Smith, of Faribault, Minn., was flat- 
tering in his references to St. Louis. 

Mayor Smith apologized for the absence of Mayor Hayner, of Minneapolis, but 
reminded the gathering that Minnesota was in mourning. Reverent applause, sin- 
cere in its volume, followed the mention of the late Governor Johnson. 

The prophecy of the Faribault executive that St. Louis was destined to become 
the great commercial center of North America, following the consummation of the 
deep waterway project, was cheered. In praising the warmth of St. Louis' welcome, 
Mayor Smith said if all of the ice in Lake Superior and the 2,000 lakes of Minnesota 
was moved to St. Louis it could not cool the city's hospitality. 

Following the speechmaking. President Scharff proposed a toast to the President 
of the United States, which was drunk standing. The Mayors were then taken to 
the ball game between the Cardinals and Cubs, seats having been placed at their 
disposal by President Stanley Robison, of the National League club. 

The arrangements for the reception and luncheon of the Mayors by the Mer- 
chants' Exchange were under the personal supervision of the following special 
committee of Exchange members : 

P. H. Litchfield, Chairman. 

H. G. Craft, Vice-Chairnian. George H. Morgan, Secretary. 

T. H. Francis, Chairman on Speakers. E. M. Flesh, Chairman Luncheon and Music, 

R. P. Annan. Amedee B. Cole. Marshall Hall. F. C. Whittemore. 

T. R. Ballard. P. P. Connor. P, M. Hanson. Samuel Plant. 

Paul Brown. Wm. H. Dan forth. Wm. P. Kennett. Geo. F. Powell. 

Aug. A. Busch. Wm. A. Gardner. Wm. J. Lemp, Jr. Manley G. Richmond. 

L. R. Carter. Henry Greve. F. C. Orthwein. W. K. Stanard. 

Geo. J. Tansey. 



Veiled Prophet Day 79 

NIGHT 



THE VEILED PROPHET 

In 1856 the St. Louis Fair was inaugurated. With the exception of 
the Civil War period, when the buildings and the grounds were occupied 
for a great camp, the Fair was given each year, with growing prestige, 
until it became known widely, drawing exhibitors and visitors from all 
parts of the Mississippi Valley. To this Fair the citizens of St. Louis 
devoted the first week in October. Thursday of that week was observed 
as a municipal holiday. Street illuminations and festivities were added in 
1870-1880 to the attractions of Fair week. Early in 1878 the idea of a 
night pageant was suggested. October of that year the experiment was 
tried. It more than stood the test of popular approval. Tuesday night 
of the Fair week was chosen for the event. 

The St. Louis Fair flourished nearly half a century and then languished. 
The city had outgrown an agricultural exhibition. A downtown 
exposition created by business men, headed by Samuel M. Kennard, 
was attended with great success for a period of nearly twenty years. This 
absorbed the mechanical features of the Fair. The last of the annual 
fairs was held just before the World's Fair of 1904. The Veiled 
Prophet's pageant survived the Fair. It was given the year of the 
World's Fair and proved to be one of the most attractive events. 

When it is stated that each year the twenty or more floats presented 
by the Veiled Prophet, together with the ball which follows, costs nearly 
$50,000, an impression of the elaborate character of the event is received. 
During the thirty years the subjects chosen for illustration have varied 
widely. The first year the Creation was pictured in moving illuminated 
tableaux. Then came the Progress of Civilization, The Four Seasons, A 
Day Dream of Woodland Life, Around the World, Fairyland, The 
Return of Shakespeare, Arabian Nights, American History, History of 
the Bible. 

The construction of the floats was a matter of elaborate detail. Work 
upon the floats began early in the year and continued without interruption 
up to the night of the parade. In the beginning it was necessary to import 
the costumes from Paris. Later all of the construction work, not only 
upon the floats, but upon the costumes, was done in St. Louis. The 
Grand Oracle's robes were of heavy satin trimmed with gold, and lined 
with silk. Every article he wore was the finest procurable and every 
article was made new each year. ' The stranger, sated with the sights of 
the world, marvels at the popular hold of the Veiled Prophet. He sees 



80 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

the population of a great city densely massed along a route of five miles. 
He hears but few loud shouts of applause. The long line of floats passes 
through hedges of humanity almost as mute as the costumed figures in 
the tableaux. 

The multitudes come. They wait patiently. They greet decorously 
the Veiled Prophet at the head of his retinue. They stand absorbed until 
the last float has passed. They melt away. Twelve months later they 
are back again, with their cousins from out of town, to gaze on the mystic 
spectacle. 

The actual money cost of these pageants in St. Louis, from 1878 to 
1909, has been considerably more than $1,000,000. But dollars do not 
tell of the time and thought given in the months of preparation each year. 
The Veiled Prophet is not a repeater. Most certainly he is not a faker in 
romance or history. He insists upon high ideals. A general theme must 
be selected. The subject of each of the twenty or more tableaux must be 
determined. It must be a consistent chapter in the general theme. Then 
each tableau becomes a topic of concern, as to detail, personal as well as 
sentimental. And finally the living characters, as well as the inanimate 
figures, the architecture and the decorations must be fitting. 

St. Louis was a city of horse cars, of gas lamps, of 330,000 population, 
when the Veiled Prophet bumped and creaked his first journey over a 
mile and half of macadamized and wooden-paved streets. The route was 
from Lucas Market place to the Chamber of Commerce. In 1909, the 
distance traversed was three or four times as great. The floats rolled 
along asphalt streets which had neither pavement nor sidewalks in those 
early days. The electric current from the trolley was the illuminant. It 
had taken the place of the oil lamps, the flambeaux and the Roman candles 
which lighted the pageant for twenty years. The Veiled Prophet kept 
pace with the city's growth and improvement. 

The wheels of the floats were of iron and flanged like the street cars. 
They rolled smoothly on the tracks. The application of the trolley vvas 
the solution of a difficult electrical problem : first, to insure personal safety 
of the Veiled Prophet and his retinue from dangerous shock; second, to 
guard against destruction of floats from short circuiting. From year to 
year the electrical application was improved upon, until the system included 
an arrangement of shade and reflectors which prevented the light from 
dazzling spectators and concentrated it upon the tableaux. 



Veiled Prophet Day 81 

THE VEILED PROPHET'S PAGEANT 

"When the World Rode" was the theme of the Veiled Prophet for 
1909. It was the story of transportation on land. Through the century 
of the incorporated existence of St. Louis was traced the evolution of 
wheels and motive power. The Veiled Prophet is cosmopolitan. To St. 
Louisans of this generation were shown the modes of conveyance enjoyed 
by their fathers, their grandfathers and their great-grandfathers. But 
more than this, the primitive, the civilized and the enlightened ways of 
transportation in other lands were depicted. 

The pageant told its narrative pictorially. No elaborate explanation 
was required. Description was not essential. From the Veiled Prophet 
riding upon the back of the dragon, according to mythology, down to 
the last float, illustrating the present-day wonders of aviation, the tale of 
transportation was told completely in the twenty moving chapters. 

1. The Veiled Prophet. 11. The Mexican Ox Cart. 

2. The Theme — Transportation. 12. Indians on the Trail. 

3. Litter Bearers of Egypt. 13. Crossing the Andes. 

4. The Chariot of Persia. 14. The Plains in 1849. 

5. A Caravan of Arabia. 15. Locomotion in 1831. 

6. Sleighing in Russia. 16. The Era of Rails. 

7. The Howdah of India. 17. Joy Riding in 1909. 

8. Ancient Japan's Vehicles. 18. Subway and City. 

9. A Dash by Sledge. 19. The Balloon in a Storm. 
10. The French Coach of State. 20. A Journey in Ether. 

At 6 :4S p. m. the Veiled Prophet pageant left the den on Walnut street between 
Twenty-first and Twenty-second, and moved eastward on Walnut to Twenty-first; 
north on Twenty-first to Market; west on Market and Laclede avenue to Grand; 
north on Grand to Lucas ; east on Lucas to Compton ; south on Compton to Wash- 
ington ; east on Washington to Fourth ; south on Fourth to Elm ; west on Elm to 
Broadway; north on Broadway to Olive; west on Olive to Twelfth; north on 
Twelfth to Washington ; west on Washington to Jefferson avenue ; south on Jeffer- 
son to Locust street, where the Veiled Prophet and his retinue entered the CoHseum. 

When the last float of the parade passed west on Washington avenue at 
Eighteenth street on the way to the den, thousands of men, women and children 
who traveled to St. Louis from points within a radius of 150 miles started for 
Union Station. At 10:30 o'clock the structure was so crowded that hundreds were 
compelled to remain on the streets until the trains were loaded. Every railroad 
company had either special trains or extra coaches on the regular trains. All regu- 
lar trains which were to have departed before the parade was over were held until 
after 11 p. m. 

Station Master Clifford placed the departing throng Veiled Prophet night at 
between 50,000 and 65,000. The crowd was the largest ever handled at Union 
Station, according to statements made by officials, not excluding the World's Fair 
year. 



82 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



THE VEILED PROPHET'S BALL 

A wonderful gathering was the Veiled Prophet's Ball of Centennial 
Week It surpassed every other social event that St. Louis had known it 
amazed those visitors who had seen great balls in foreign capitals, in New 
York and in other American cities. 

From 9-00 to io:oo o'clock, while the Coliseum was gradually filling with the ten 
thousand guests the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra played the following: 

■• — :;i^:r^:.i.:-.:.."X: t ^i^^;..rs;.;;[Jn.:;:-^X 

The Prophet made his entrance from under a gaily-colored canopy, over the 
Lucas avenue entrance, and, escorted by f°™-. ^ay- Wells cha.rmano he 
Reception Committee, passed in front of the raised dais on which the ^™ 
queen Miss Dorothy Shapleigh, and the matrons and maids of honor had taken 

^'';:sT'shtS°- on the right of the Prophet's throne and the matrons and 
maids were seated to the left and right on the dais in front of the throne. 
" B hind the Prophet marched the keeper of the crown jewels and he m^nych^. 
acters from the floats of the pageant, each escorted by a niember of ^e Reception 
Committee After passing the throne the Prophet marched at the head of his 
SZ rs down to the farther end of the reserved space, and then slowly wound 
ba k and forth across the hall, until arriving at the foot of the red uphols ered 
stairs lead ng to his throne. Still followed by his retainers and their escorts he 
Tscended to the throne, in front of which his retinue dispersed to the right and 
ipft hehind the maids and matrons. j „ .„j 

'^ H? Sn was then released by the pages who had borne it - ^l;^ P^^^f p^^^ 
the hall Advancing toward the retiring queen, who rose to meet him, the Prophet 

"Ihe p::srn!edM°Iim Irose from an immense bouquet of American beauties 
whicl; she held in ^er hand, and as the signal whistle announced the entrance of her 
<:„rrps.;nr she retired to a seat with the maids of honor. 

""prXhllry to the entrance of the new queen Miss Susan Car ;t°n a passage 
wav was made through the crowd on the floor from the aisle in the first balcony 
r.tX eas tof the Washington avenue entrance, by stretching silken ropes. 
BoTn' thif airto^lhfrel^ed s^^ce and across to the throne the ^hr. attendant 
m.;A^ Miss Gladvs Bryant Smith, Miss Cora South Brown and Miss 01acl>s 
K tV-were corted They were received by the Prophet, who presented to 
fhemLTeweled token of his favor as they curtsied before him. amid the applause 

"' M^s^Sron's appearance at the top of the tier of seats in the first balcony 
was the signal for an outburst of applause, which increased m volume as she 
Tea hed tlie'cleared space of the arena. She -escorted ^y^^^'^J'^l^^^^^^^ 
beautiful pages bore her train. As she reached the steps leading to the Prophets 
throne he arose to receive her. , 

Curtseying low to his majesty and then to the matrons and maids of honor, she 
bowed her head to receive the glittering diadem which the Prophet placed upon it^ 
To he applause of the throng the pair then bowed the.r acknowledgments and 
Jwy descended from the throne to open the ball with the "P-Phet s 'ancier. 
At the conclusion of this intricate and beautiful dance the ropes were taken down 
and the floor quickly filled with dancers. 



Veiled Prophet Day 



83 



LADIES OF HONOR 



Mrs. C. C. Collins. 
Mrs. Frank Gaiennie. 
Mrs. E. J. Spencer. 
Mrs. C. C. NichoUs. 
Mrs. Richard McCuIloch. 
Mrs. John Young Erown. 
Mrs. Murray Carleton. 
Mrs. \Vm. H. Thomson. 
Mrs. W. S. McChesney, Jr. 
Mrs. Henry W. Peters. 
Mrs. S. S. Pingree. 
Mrs. Elias Michael. 
Mrs. Saunders Norvell. 
Mrs. A. W. Lawnin. 
Mrs. Sam D. Capen. 



Mrs. C. H. Huttig. 
Mrs. Geo. L. Edwards. 
Mrs. Jos. G. Holliday. 
Mrs. Walker Hill. 
Mrs. Chas. P. Capen. 
Mrs. Chas. E. Lane. 
Mrs. Geo. H. Capen. 
Mrs. John P. Boogher, Jr 
Mrs. E. E. Alexander. 
Mrs. Frank P. Crunden. 
Mrs. Tom Randolph. 
Mrs. Simeon G. Ray. 
Mrs. Rolla Wells. 
Mrs. O. A. Wall, Jr. 
Mrs. Dewey A. Hickey. 



Mrs. Henry Greve. 
Mrs. J. E. Smith. 
Mrs. L. D. Kingsland. 
Mrs. J. M. Franciscus. 
Mrs. Henry Miller. 
Mrs. J. H. Farish. 
Mrs. P. Taylor Bryan. 
Mrs. Wallace Delafield. 
Mrs. F. H. Kreismann. 
Mrs. J. A. Lewis. 
Mrs. E. M. Flesh. 
Mrs. A. L. Shapleigh. 
Mrs. F. D. Seward. 
Mrs. C. W. Whitelaw. 
Mrs. P. J. McMorrow. 



Mrs. Wm. H. Elliot. 
Mrs. J. Howard Holmes. 
Mrs. Hanford Crawford. 
Mrs. Edward Devoy. 
Mrs. Warwick M. Hough. 
Mrs. R. W. Shapleigh. 
Mrs. W. D. Simmons. 
Mrs. Percy Werner. 
Mrs. Edw. L. Preetorius. 
Mrs. Joseph Dickson, Jr. 
Mrs. E. T. Campbell. 
Mrs. Charles A. Stix. 
Mrs. Goodman King. 
Mrs. Geo. W. Galbreath. 
Mrs. Harvey G. Mudd. 



MAIDS OF HONOR 



Miss Lucy Norvell. 
Miss Cora South Brown. 
Miss Augusta C. Blanke. 
Miss Ella C. Peters. 
Miss Helen Schlafly. 
Miss Callis Ives. 
Miss Eloise McLeod. 
Miss Gladys Kerens. 
Miss Susan R. Carleton. 
Miss Marian Kyle Adams. 
Miss Sara F. O'Neil. 
Miss Mary Lucas. 



Miss Ann Augustine. 
Miss Ella Kinsella. 
Miss Louise Hemenway. 
Miss Frances C. Jones. 
Miss Louise A. Nugent. 



Miss Kathryn Miller. 
Miss Gladys B. Smith. 
Miss Mary B. Arnold. 
Miss Virginia Longstreth. 
Miss Elise Obear. 



Miss Bess D. Niederland«r Miss Reba Cole. 

Miss Florence J. Wade. Miss Jane Howard Wells. 

Miss Irene Bond. Miss Florence K. Spencer. 

Miss Orian E. Dyer. Miss Edith Delafield. 

Miss Richard Maltbie. Miss Roberta McCuIloch. 

Miss Marjorie E. Campbell Miss Lydia H. Burg. 

Miss Louise Walker. Miss Miriam Benoist. 



ss Eulalie Farrell. 

ss Cordelia M. Wood. 

ss Carrie Wiegand. 

ss Georgia Sullivan. 

ss Josephine Little. 

ss Sara F. Cox. 

ss Eleanor O. Delano. 

ss Myra Deibel. 

ss Katherine Tutt. 

ss Charlotte VanSickler 

Alby Mason. 

Louise J. Thayer. 



With few exceptions, the gowns worn by the hundred maids and ladies of honor 
who surrounded the Prophet and his queen were creations of the St. Louis dress- 
makers' art. Also most of the designs were original, either with the wearers of 
the gowns or with the modistes who fashioned them. The display placed this city 
in the front rank of fashion makers of the world. 

The music, beginning with the entrance of Veiled Prophet, and the order of 
dances were : 

Grand Entry — "Prophets" — "Aida" (March) Ferdi 

Lanciers — "Prophets'' — "La Favorita" Arranged by George Rosey 

"The Beautiful Galatea," "Amorita," 'rhe Mikado," "The Gondoliers," "The 
Bat," "Fatinitza," "The Gypsy Baron," "The Master Miner,' "Fra Piavolo," 
"Madam Angot," "Chimes of Normandy," "Parisian Life," Erminie," "Grand 
Duchesse," "Xadjy." 

1. Waltz — "A Waltz Dream" — "Love's Roundelay" Oscar Strauss 

2. Twostep — "Yankee Tourist" — "Wouldn't You Like To Have Me for a Sweetheart". .i?obyn 

3. Waltz — "Merry Widow" Lehar 

4. Twostep — "I'm Afraid To Go Home in the Dark" Van Alstyne 

5. Waltz — "A Stubborn Cinderella" — "Love Me Just Because" Howard 

6. Twostep — "Three Twins" — "Cuddle Up a Little Closer" Hoschna 

7. Waltz — "Blue Danube" Strauss 

8. Twostep — "Honeymoon Trail" — "I Don't Want a Million Dollars" Howard 

9. Waltz — "School Days" Cobb and Edwards 

10. Twostep — "Harrigan" Cohan 

11. Waltz— "Auf Wiedersehen" Waldteufel 

1 2. Twostep — "La Sorella" Ch-Borel-Clere 

13. Waltz — "Over the Waves" Juventino Rosas 

14. "Home, Sweet Home" John Howard Payne 



84 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



RKOKPnON COMMITTEE 



Rolla Wells, Chairman. H. N. Davis, Vice-Chair 



Saunders Norvell, Vice- Chairman. 



Geo. L. Allen. 
L. E. Anderson. 

B. C. Alvord. 
Ben Altheimer. 
Geo. H. Augustine. 
E. L. Adreon. 

A. A. Allen. 
W. B. Anderson. 
Clifford H. Albcrs. 
R. P. Annan. 
R. S. Brookings. 
J. D. Bascom. 
John J. Broderick. 
A. D. Brown. 
W. T. Brown. 
Adolphus Busch. 
James Bannerman. 
Louis Brinckwirth. 
Geo. W. Brown. 

C. F. Blanke. 

E. D. Blossom. 
G. V. Brecht. 

F. W. Brockman. 
Hobart Brinsmade. 
W. D. Boyce. 
John H. Boogher. 
Aug. A. Busch. 
Wm. Bagnell. 

J. F. Bolland. 
Chas. S. Brov.'n. 
Paul Brown. 
F. H. Britton. 
R. H. Blanke. 

A. W. Blackwell. 
R. O. Bolt. 

J. E. Brock. 
P. D. C. Ball. 
Richard Bartholdt. 

B. A. Becker. 

E. H. Boehnken. 
Jno. I. Beggs. 

D. C. Buntin. 
Howard Boogher. 
R. B. Bullock. 

E. L. Bartlett. 
Leonard Bradt. 
Murray Carleton. 
Pierre Chouteau. 
W. G. Chappell. 
Chas. A. Cox. 

D. G. Cook. 

C. C. Crone. 
Hy. G. Craft. 
Jas. F. Coyle. 

Dr. Jas. A. Campbell. 
James Campbell. 
A. B. Cole. 
Dr. Wm. Conrad. 
Edwin H. Conrades. 
Sam. D. Capen. 



H. H. Culver. 

B. B. Culver. 
Cyrus E. Clark. 

C. E. Curby. 
Geo. B. Compton. 
G. L. Crawford. 
P. E. Conroy. 

H. M. Coudrey. 
T. W. Crouch. 
M. L. Clardy. 
Hanford Crawford. 
T. W. Carter. 
John H. Carroll. 
W. B. Crouch. 
J. R. Curlee. 
R. S. Colnon. 
Wallace Delafield. 
L. D. Dozier. 
Edward Devoy. 
A. Figueiredo. 
Geo. F. Durant. 
Fred Deibel. 
J. H. Dieckman. 
A. H. Duncan. 
Hon. W. B. Douglas. 
J. C. Donegby. 
Guilford Duncan. 
Aug. B. Ewing. 
Chas. Ehlermann. 
H. Elliot, Jr. 
W. S. Fames. 
A. C. Einstein. 
Nathan Frank. 

D. R. Francis, 
Thos. H. Francis. 

E. A. Faust. 
A. R. Faust. 

C. Marquard Forster. 
Dr. Otto E. Forster. 
S. J. Lisher. 
Paul A. Fusz. 
J. W. Fristoe. 
S. H. Fullerton. 
Thos. Flannelly. 
J. M. Franciscus, Jr. 
John Fitzgerald. 
Jos. B. Farmer. 
Frank Gaiennie. 
Aug. Gehner. 
Frank H. Gerhart. 
Oswald Graves. 
W. W. Graves. 
Henry Gaus. 
S. A. Gore. 
J. L. Griswold. 
Norris B. Gregg. 
O. L. Garrison. 
R. E. Gardner. 
G. W. Galbreath. 
Aug. Goerts. 



J. M. Gettys. 
C. F. Gill. 
C. D. Gregg. 

C. D. Garnett. 
Joseph Glaser. 
Jas. C. Ghio. 

A. H. Handlan. 
E. M. Handlan. 

D. M. Houser. 
Walker Hill. 
Chas. H. Huttig. 
Clarence H. Howard. 
Edw. Hidden. 

Geo. E. Hoffman. 
Jno. B. Hogan. 
W. D. Hemenway. 
H. B. Hawes. 
W. M. Hough. 
Columbus Haile. 
Jno. E. Hall. 
C. W. Holtcamp. 
Jos. L. Hanley. 
Richard Hanlon. 
J. D. Howe. 
Dr. E. E. Haverstick. 
A. H. Handlan, Jr. 
W. H. Hauschulte. 
W. J. Hruska. 
Lyman T. Hay. 
Alex Hilton. 
A. B. Hart. 
W. E. Ingalls. 
H. B. Jenkins. 
M. B. Johnson. 
C. D. Johnson. 
Geo. P. Jones. 
Geo. S. Johnson. 
Robert Johnson. 
Theo. D. Kalbfell. 
L. D. Kingsland. 
S. M. Kennard. 
Aug. Kurtzeborn. 
Geo. Kingsland. 
Homer P. Knapp. 
C. F. Kraushaar. 
S. P. Keyes. 
Goodman King. 
L. F. Kupferle. 
Jas. S. Kuhn. 
Wm. Koeneman. 
Dr. A. C. Kennel. 
Wm. B. Kinealy. 
H. B. Louderman. 
Wm. J. Lemp, Jr. 
C. F. Liebke. 
H. F. Langenberg. 
A. B. Lambert. 
Hy. C. Lewis. 
Bert H. Lang. 
C. A. Logeman. 



R. D. Lewis. 
Geo. W. Lubke. 
F. J. Langenberg. 

E. G. Lewis. 
Jno. A. Lewis. 

F. C. Lake. 
Eugene W. Lewis. 
Edm. W. LeBeaume. 
Marion L. J. Lamberl>. 
Arthur W. Lambert. 
A. W. Lawnin. 
John J. Marks. 
Isaac M. Mason. 
Geo. H. Morgan. 

P. S. Marquis. 
W. C. Maifitt. 
Theo. F. Meyer. 
Hy. J. Meyer. 

G. J. Meyer. 
Philip Medart. 
John Mullally. 
Hugh McKittrick. 

F. W. Mott. 
Malcolm Macbeth. 
W. S. McChesney, Jr. 
Jno. S. Manchester. 
W. C. Morris. 
Robert McCulloch. 
Elias Michael. 

D. W. R. Macdonald. 
John Moore. 
Walter McKittrick. 

C. W. Mansur. 
N. W. McLcod. 
W. L. McDonald. 
Jos. G. Miller. 

R. E. Moloney. 

Dr. Harvey G. Mudd. 

D. C. Nugent. 
Chas. W. Nugent. 

G. W. Niemann. 
Henry Nicolaus. 
Aug. Nasse. 

N. F. Niederlander. 
Chas. C. Nicholls. 
W. J. Nixon. 
W. H. Nolker. 
Louis T. Nolker. 
M. R. Orthwein. 
Fred C. Orthwein. 
A. J. O'Reilly. 
Gerald B. O'Reilly. 
O. H. Peckham. 

E. L. Preetorius. 
Hy. S. Priest. 
Hy. W. Peters. 
Geo. W. Perry. 
Lawrence B. Pierce. 

F. R. Pierce. 
S. S. Dingree. 



Veiled Prophet Day 



85 



RECEPTION COMMITTEE— Continued. 



Robt. W. Poramer. 
Lemon Parker. 
E. C. Robbins. 
A. V. Reyburn. 
A. G. Robyn. 
M. G. Richmond. 
Jno. C. Roberts. 
Frank A. Ruf. 
T. J. Reid. 
W. M. Reedy. 
J. H. Roblee. 
Paul Robyn. 
Horace S. Rumsey. 
Dr. Enno Sander. 
E. C. Simmons. 
C. E. Slayback. 
A. H. Smith. 
A. L. Shapleigh. 
W. B. Stevens. 
C. B. Smith. 
H. N. Spencer. 
Selden P. Spencer. 



R. F. Spencer. 
R. P. Spencer. 
E. J. Spencer. 
Otto F. Stifel. 
J. C. Strauss. 
W. E. Simpson. 
E. O. Stanard. 
J. M. Sellers. 
H. A. Steinwender. 
W. A. Stickney. 
C. H. Steinkamp. 
R. H. Stockton. 
W. S. Scott. 
M. Shaughnessy. 
A. C. Stuever. 
Henry Sikemeier. 
P. C. Scanlan. 
Frank Seward. 
Chas. P. Stanley. 
W. D. Simmons. 
Geo. W. Simmons. 
J. P. Sweney. 



M. Schoenberg. 
C. M. Skinner, 
F. Schwerdtmann. 
J. J. Schotten. 
Pat Short. 
Ralph Simpkins. 
Geo. J. Tansey. 
Jas. H. Tyler. 
Jos. Temple. 
VVm. H. Thomson. 
W. B. Thompson. 
Z. W. Tinker. 
W. C. Taylor. 
Lewis T. Tune. 
Isaac S. Taylor. 
E. D. Tilton. 
S. A. Thompson. 
J. W. Van Cleave. 
B. P. Von Wedelstadt. 
Frederick Vierling. 
John Wahl. 
Jos. P. Wangler. 



Edwards Whitaker. 
Walter B. Woodward. 
L. J. W. WaU. 
N. R. Wall. 
O. H. Witte. 
Chas. P. Wenneker. 
M. C. Wetmore. 
C. P. Walbridge. 
Chas. E. Ware. 

F. J. Wade. 

A. A. B. Woerheide. 
Sol. E. Waggoner. 

G. C. R. Wagoner. 
Julius S. Walsh. 
Wra. B. Wells. 

M. B. Wallace. 
Jas. H. Williams. 
S. H. West. 
Peter E. Wilson. 
Wm. Yule. 
F. E. Zelle. 



FLOOR COMMITTEE 



F. H. Kreismann, Chairman. Geo. L. Edward 



H. S. Albrecht. 
Ben C. Adkins. 

F. E. Allen. 

C. V. Anderson. 
Fred B. Adam. 
M. H. Alexander. 
Thos. B. Arnold. 
Eberhard Anheuser. 
Saml T. Able, 
Felix E. Anderson. 

D. I. Bushnell. 
Jas. F. Ballard. 
Alex H. Brown. 

G. M. Brown. 
Jas. H. Brookmire. 
\V. C. Brown. 
Allen Baker. 

Jno. S. Blake. 
Jas. P. Blake. 
F. A. Banister. 
Dr. J. Young Browc 
J. Hunter Byrd. 
Jas. W. Black. 
Taylor P. Bryan. 
Chris. Beckemeier. 
Danl. Breck. 
J. R. Barroll. 
Paul Bakewell. 
Hy. A. Baker. 
Julius A. Baer. 
J. O. Ballard. 
Shepard Barclay. 
Chas. W. Barstow. 
Jno. E. Bishop. 
J. H. Buettner. 



Chas. W. Bates. 
A. G. Blanke. 
Geo. R. Baker. 
A. H. Beddoe. 
Jno. M. Beall. 
F. L. Buntin. 
Ingram F. Boyd. 
Chas. O. A. Brunk. 
S. T. Bixby. 
J. W. Bemis. 
Thos. B. Crews. 
Chas. C. Collins. 
J. L. Carlton. 
U. L. Clark. 
W. Frank Carter. 
R. H. Cox. 
R. Vernon Clark. 
Geo. H. Capen. 
Con P. Curran. 
Ralph W. Coale. 
Chas. P. Capen. 
F. N. Cheney. 
Knight K. Culver. 
J. C. Cremer. 
Ashley Cabell. 
E. T. Campbell. 
Frank P. Crunden. 
W. R. Compton. 
Harry C. Carr. 
Peyton C. Carr. 
C. S. Clarke. 
Snelson Chesney. 
M. E. Croak. 
Herbert D. Condie. 
M. W. Cochrane. 



Vice-Chairman. Harry 
P. W. Coyle. 
L. W. Childress. 
W. B. Cowen. 
A. J. Davidson. 
J. R. Daugherty. 
Chas. H. Duntker. 
E. C. Donk. 
Walter N. Davis. 
Chas. W. Disbrow. 
J. O'Fallon Delaney. 
Jos. Dickson, Jr. 
L. E. Dennig. 
Chas. C. English. 
John W. Estes. 
Ben F. Edwards. 
David Eiseman. 
Morris Eisenstadt. 
A. N. Edwards. 
Dr. R. M. Funkhouser 
Forrest Ferguson. 
A. H. Frederick. 
S. J. Fowler. 
S. W. Fordyce, Jr. 
Ed Flad. 

A. J. Fitzsimmons. 
H. E. Farrell. 
J. H. Parish. 
W. J. Fisher. 
Moses Fraley. 
Albert J. Francis. 
Huston T. Force. 
Wm. Foley. 
H. P. Fritsch. 
Hy. W. Gehner. 
Wm. Grafeman. 



Blodgett, Vice-chairman. 
F. D. Gildersleeve. 
W. H. Gregg, Jr. 
T. H. Garrett. 
H. W. Geller. 

C. L. Gray. 

D. L. Grey. 
J. R. Goodall. 
A. B. Groves. 
T. H. Glancey. 

E. F. Goltra. 
Hy. Greve. 
M. J. Gilbert. 
J. P. Graham. 
Edw. G. Garden. 
Wm. F. Goessling. 
John H. Gundlach. 
Dr. D. M. Gibson. 
Hy. C. Griesedieck. 
Elias S. Gotch. 

S. J. Harbaugh. 

D. B. Hussey. 
H. N. Hudson. 
R. Lee Hedges. 
J. P. Hartnett. 
J. F. Hellrung. 
R. A. Hoffman. 
J. C. Harvey. 

Geo. W. Hoblitzelle. 
J. Howard Holmes. 
Frank R. Henry. 
Dewey A. Hickey. 
Glenn C. Hill. 
C. L. Holman. 

E. M. Hubbard. 
L. C. Haynes. 



86 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



FLOOR COMMITTEE— Continued. 



Hy. A. Hamilton. 
Jos. G. HoUiday. 
Wm. T. Hill. 
Ben Harris. 
Geo. J. Hess. 
H. P. Hilliard. 
F. X. Hackman. 
Breclt Jones. 
F. E. Jacobs. 
C. Porter Johnson. 
Seebert G. Jones. 
Morton Jourdan. 
Sam. B. Jeffries. 
J. C. Jannopoulo. 
Danl. N. Kirby. 
Capt. Hy. King. 
R. C. Kerens. 
W. K. Kavanaugh. 
Hy. \V. Kiel. 

E. C. King. 
W. J. Kinsella. 
W. F. Knowlton. 
C. J. Kehoe. 
Ed. Keane. 
Max Kotany. 

H. F. Knight. 
Hy. W. Kroeger. 
Henry Leschen. 

F. W. Lehmann. 
E. H. Linley. 
Hiram Lloyd. 
Geo. W. Lee. 
C. J. Leppart. 
A. C. Luecking. 
C. E. Lane. 
Jas. C. Lincoln. 
Wm. Lothman. 
John S. Leahy. 
H. W. Lohmann. 
Elliot K. Ludington. 
W. A. Layman. 
Jos. D. Lumaghi. 

L. Edw. Lortz. 



Wm. G. Lackey. 
Hy. Luedinghaus, Jr. 
Richard McCulloch. 
Robert \\'. Maguire. 
T. Garrison Morfit. 
Henry Miller. 
J. H. McCIuney, Jr. 
Gardner McKnight. 
Saml. F. Myerson. 
E. E. Mag.ll. 
Adolph A. Meyer. 
P. J. McMorrow. 
L. G. McNair. 
T. M. Meston. 
Dr. C. C. Morris. 
Jas. A. McKeown. 
Louis R. Millikin. 
Chas. L. Martin. 
Chas. R. Meston. 
Danl. C. Miller. 
A. J. Murch. 
John Jay Morse. 
Alten S. Miller. 
Wm. E. Morgan. 
Ben McKeen. 

E. T. Miller. 
Louis Nolle. 
A. J. Nulsen. 
A. J. Neimeyer. 
Chas. Nagel. 
Alex Niedringhaus. 
Dr. C. E. Neeley. 

F. E. Newbery. 

T. K. Xiedringhaus. 

E. A. Nixon. 

F. E. Nulsen. 
Joseph O'Xeil. 
J. H. Overall. 
J. F. O'Neil. 
Geo. H. Plant. 
Robt. D. Patterson. 
H. L. Parker. 
Arthur S. Partridge. 



Julius Polk. 
T. K. Peters. 
Ralph J. Pendleton. 
H. E. Papin. 
Joseph Pullitzer, Jr. 
L. M. Rumsey. 
Tom Randolph. 
Louis Renard. 
Virgil Rule. 
Geo. T. Riddle. 
Gus Riesmeyer. 
W. A. Rooke. 
E. Lansing Ray. 
E. C. Robinson. 

E. J. Russell. 

G. H. Schollmeyer. 
W. C. Steigers. 
Chas. P. Senter. 
Chas. A. Stix. 

F. A. Sudhoff. 
Aug. Schlafly. 
W. K. Stanard. 

P. H. Skipwith, Jr. 
Lon V. Stephens. 
Dewitt H. Steigers. 
Louis Schmidt. 

G. A. Sinclair. 
R. D. Smith. 

E. W. Stix. 
H. D. Sexton. 

H A. Steinwender, Jr 

F. W. Seele. 
Wm. F. Saunders. 
J. E. Smith. 

R. W. Shapleigh. 
Roger V. Scudder. 
Geo. P. Steedman. 
Walter Schnaider. 
Ben Schnurmacher. 
C. L. Stone. 
A. R. Strain. 
Roland W. Switzer. 
Louis Stockstrom. 



Jacob Schreiner. 
Oscar G. Selden. 
Hy. Studniczka. 
Edw. E. Scharff. 
W'. H. Shelby. 
C. R. Scudder. 
J. Herndon Smith. 
Geo. F. Tower, Jr. 
W. S. Thompson. 
John A. Talty. 
Frank R. Tate. 
Edw. M. Treat. 
Arthur E. Tracy. 
Chas. Z. Trembley. 
Hugh K. Taylor. 
Frank H. Thomas. 
Hon. W. A. Taylor. 
Chas. A. Truitt. 
J. C. Van Riper. 
Chas. F. Vogel. 
Joseph B. Widen. 
Robt. J. Williams. 
Thos. G. Whitmarsh. 
Edgar B. Woodward. 

F. H. Walsh. 

C. W. Whitelaw. 
Hugh K. Wagner. 
Frank M. White. 
H. C. Wood. 
Robt. W. Walsh. 
A. O. Wilson. 
Horace D. Williams. 
W. B. Weston. 
Thos. W. White. 
Frederick Widmann. 
J. T. Wallace. 
Percy Werner. 
Geo. Wiegand. 
Geo. W. Wilson. 

G. H. Walker. 

R. E. L. Winter. 



MUNICIPAL DAY 



Wednesday, October 6th 

FROM FORTY-FOURTH TO FOURTH CITY 

Within five years after Laclede marked the trees for the location of 
the settlement St. Louis had a population of about 900. When Stod- 
dard raised the United States flag forty years after the founding there 
were not many more inhabitants. But the settlement had grown. It had 
rooted deeply and broadly. The view that St. Louis had waxed slowly 
between 1764 and 1804 was superficial. It failed to note and measure 
a development which meant m.ore than the census. Every year saw the 
radius of the St. Louis sphere of influence lengthen. Up the Missouri 
crept a line of outposts tributary to St. Louis, each far more important 
to the settlement than hundreds added to the populations. The traders 
established and cultivated friendly relations with the Indians. They 
learned the great country of the lower Missouri intimately. St. Louis 
was to become the gateway of the stream of migration, the starting point 
for the expeditions. The four decades from Laclede to Stoddard were 
so many years of efficient, important preparation for what was to follow. 

Out from St. Louis in all directions moved the expeditions. Some 
were military, to establish forts. Some were scientific, to explore and 
to exploit. More were to establish communities, to open commercial 
avenues. It was a peaceable movement for the most part. Troubles with 
the Indians were not frequent or general in those days. The real Indian 
wars of subjugation or extermination west of the Mississippi came two or 
three generations later. The Frenchmen of St. Louis paved the way well 
for the American occupation of Louisiana. A branch of the Chouteaus 
started Kansas City with "Chouteau's landing." Robidoux, another St. 
Louisan, established a post which became St. Joseph. One of the 
Menards founded Galveston. A full score of Western cities owed their 
beginning to St. Louisans. 

The population of St. Louis one hundred years ago was 1,100. The 
first government census of St. Louis was taken in 1810, showing a popula- 
tion of 1,200, but it was taken in the summer time when the fur trading 
expeditions were out on the plains and in the mountains. It must be 
borne in mind the St. Louisans as counted of that day lived east of Fourth 
street. In the immediately surrounding country, which is now included 



88 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

in tlie extended City and the County of St. Louis, were 2,000 more inhabi- 
tants. In iSoo the population of the entire territory composing what are 
now in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin and part of Minnesota 
was under 5,000. The sixteen States and three territories of the Union 
at that time had only 5,305,366 people. St. Louis, as a matter of enumera- 
tion, had a place on the map more important than the census of 1810 
would indicate to this generation. 

St. Louis, the town and city, did not grow as rapidly in population as 
the surrounding country. In 1830, two decades after the first census, 
the city, which had been extended as far west as Seventh street, had a 
population of not quite 5,000. In fact, the enumeration showed twenty- 
three short, the exact census giving the city 4,977 people. This census 
made St. Louis rank as forty-fourth among the cities of the L^nited States. 
From that time the growth of St. Louis was rapid. In 1840 this city was 
twentieth in the L^nited States. Ten years later, in 1850, St. Louis had 
become the sixth city in rank of population. That place was held until 
i860. In 1880 St. Louis stood fifth and continued to hold that rank until 
the consolidation of New York and Brooklyn gave fourth place to St. 
Louis. In eighty years this city has passed in population thirty-eight 
other cities and has been passed by but one city, Chicago. 



ST. LOUIS, THE CITY 

St. Louis became a city in April, 1823. The charter was not adopted 
without a struggle. Of the 197 votes cast 90 were against the charter. A 
property qualification restricted suffrage. Only white citizens, of twenty- 
one years, who had paid a local tax, were allow^ed to vote. The limits of 
the new city were Seventh street on the west, the Mill creek on the south, 
and a line from Roy's tower on the north. 

The municipality of St. Louis began well. The first Mayor was a 
medical man. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth and education. He had 
lived in St. Louis only four years when his fellow citizens selected him 
for the head of the city government. Mental and physical attributes 
favored William Carr Lane. The first Mayor was a man of splendid 
presence. He was genial. He was incorruptible. He served the public 
zealously. In that early period St. Louis chose the Mayor annually. 
William Carr Lane was elected six times in succession. After nine years 
he was called back to serve two more terms in addition to several months 
of an unexpired term. 

At the first election for Mayor, St. Louis polled 220 votes. The con- 
test was sharp. Mr. Lane received 122 votes; Auguste Chouteau received 
70 votes and M P. Leduc received 28 votes. 



Municipal Day 89 

The notable structures of public, or semi-public, character which St. 
Louis possessed at that time numbered fewer than twenty. They were : 

Baptist Church, southwest corner of Market and Third streets. This building 
was not entirely finished for religious purposes. It served, during a period, the 
uses of the courts. After the removal of the original structure of the church the 
site was occupied by the National Hotel, later the -St. Clair. The building stands 
today in a condition of good preservation. 

Bastion, north of Bennett's Hotel. 

Cathedral, southwest corner Church and Market streets. 

Clerks' offices for the various courts, near the public square. 

Constables' office, North Fourth street above North C (Olive) street. 

Court rooms, near the public square. 

Episcopal Church, South Church (Second) street, below South A (Walnut) 
street. The building was of wood. It was used for Episcopal services, but was not 
constructed originally for a church. 

Green-Tree Inn, 85 South Church (Second) street. 

Indian Council Chamber, or museum of Indian curiosities, belonging to Governor 
Clark, loi North Main street. 

Jones' Row, north side of Market street, above Third street. Jones' Row was 
of one-story brick buildings. It was said to have been the first row of brick 
buildings in St. Louis. 

Land office, United States, west of and near to Bennett's Hotel. 

Mansion House, Bennett's, northeast corner of North Third and E (Vine) 
streets. 

Market house, south side of Market street, near the river. 

Market street ran west from the river, between North and South A streets. It 
was the line which even then divided the northern part of the town from the 
southern. 

Masonic Hall, in which the Grand Chapter and Master's Lodges were held, 
north side South B (Elm) street, above Main street. 

Methodist Meeting House, southwest corner South Third and South D (Myrtle) 
streets. 

Missouri Bank, 6 North Main street. 

Missouri Hotel, southwest corner of North Main and North H (Morgan) streets. 

Mound Public Garden, a pleasant retreat kept by Mr. Gray, near the Indian 
mound. 

■The first Mayor's appeal for pulilic improvements was not in vain. An engineer 
prepared a plan to grade and pave Main street. One block was graded and paved 
that first year. It was the block from Market to Walnut, where Laclede, just sixty 
years before, had marked the trees for the center of trade and seat of government 
of the settlement he was about to found. The first Board of Aldermen passed an 
ordinance to grade and pave streets. That was the initial step. In it the brand- 
new government laid down the rule that the city would grade, but the property 
holders must pay the cost of the curbing and paving. Up to that time resi- 
dents had indulged in the lu.xury of quarter, half and whole blocks for home 
sites. They had gardens, and even orchards in the business section. They sur- 
rounded their grounds with limestone walls. The prospect of heavy assessments 
for street improvements prompted the subdivision and sale of the large lots. 
People who wanted large home yards moved to the suburbs beyond Seventh street. 



90 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

In 1841 the city was considerably enlarged by a legislative act, and was divided 
into five wards. At the next election in April, 1842, George Maguire was chosen 
Mayor. Voting by ballot was the election reform introduced into St. Louis in 1842. 
For twenty-seven years the citizens of St. Louis voted by naming to the judges the 
person or persons for whom they wished to be counted. The population reached 
such numbers that two or three days were required to poll the voters. The deposit 
of a printed ballot was a great innovation over the old viva voce method. To 
secure an honest and fair election in the 'thirties the party managers organized 
large committees. In 1835 the Whig party had committees in every ward "to see 
that the electors in the respective wards attended the polls and voted." Committees 
were expected to remain at the polls three days. There was a Wagon Committee 
which had exclusive control of the vehicles ; there was a committee at the polls 
"to aid in the preservation of order, to see that no undue advantage is taken of 
others and to offer every facility to the judges in the reception of votes." The 
names of the committeemen appointed by the Whig party, one year, occupied a full 
column in the newspapers. 

The first native-born citizen elected Mayor was victorious in the most exciting 
election that had been held up to that year — 1844. He was Bernard Pratte, son 
of the Bernard Pratte who was elected one of the first five trustees in July, 1808. 
He headed the Whig ticket on a platform of "Henry Clay and Protection to 
American industries." Over 4,000 votes were cast. Pratte's majority was 362. 
The contest between Whigs and Democrats in St. Louis was so strenuous that when 
LTnited States Senator Thomas H. Benton presented himself to vote at the Fourth 
Ward polling place, in November, he was challenged, the Whig challenger insisting 
that the Senator was not a citizen. Benton was required to make oath that he 
considered St. Louis his place of residence before he was allowed to vote. 

Mayor Bernard Pratte was not only a native of St. Louis, but the first child 
born in St. Louis after the United States Senate ratified the treaty for the acquisi- 
tion of Louisiana Territory. His mother was a native of St. Louis. Bernard Pratte 
showed his enterprising spirit by taking the first steamboat up the Missouri as far 
as the mouth of the Yellowstone. That was in 1832. The trip was made in associa- 
tion with Pierre Chouteau, Jr. Mayor Pratte was a comparatively young executive 
— 41 when he took his seat. During his two terms St. Louis was lighted by gas; 
the Levee was paved with stone blocks. Mr. Pratte retired from politics and 
business, and became a student and a lover of books. 

In the eight years from 1837 to 1845 the population of St. Louis increased from 
14,253 to 35,930. In 1844 there were built in St. Louis 1,146 structures, including 
churches, public offices and private residences ; the rotunda of the Court House was 
completed and opened with a celebration of Washington's Birthday, the 22d of 
February, 1845, ^Layor Pratte presiding. That year was one of strong optimism. 
"No city," said a local historian, "was probably ever filled with a more industrious 
population than St. Louis, in 1845, or had fewer idle persons, according to its num- 
bers. Political questions seemed generally settled in a satisfactory way, and people 
thought they could foresee what was likely to follow in business transactions and 
shaped their courses of action according to those views." 

The attempt to cede St. Louis to the United States as the site for the national 
capital, in 1845, led to what the papers called "a ridiculous blunder." In the sum- 
mer of that year St. Louis sent delegates to a convention to frame a new constitu- 
tion for the State. The convention submitted to the voters a proposed constitution. 
In the draft was a provision offering certain described territory "for the purpose 



Municipal Day 91 

of locating and keeping thereon the seat of government of the United States." In 
the debate it was given out that the proposed cession included St. Louis and con- 
siderable contiguous territory. But, when the language of the instrument was 
examined carefully it appeared that St. Louis, as then bounded, was not included 
in the territory to be ceded. The northern boundary of the proposed cession was 
about where Arsenal street is now. The constitution framers had, as a matter 
of geographical definition, offered the present workhouse site, Carondelet and the 
ground north of Jefferson Barracks for a new District of Columbia. 

The proposed constitution was rejected by the people of the State, which ended 
the cession of St. Louis project. 

Of the thirty-five Mayors the city has had in eighty-six years, seven were 
natives of the city. The others were widely distributed as to places of birth, a 
fact which illustrates the many sources from which the citizenship of St. Louis 
has been drawn. There have been only two foreign-born Mayors — one from Scot- 
land and one from Germany. The extent to which New York State contributed to 
the population of this city is scarcely realized. St. Louis has had five Mayors who 
were born in New York. Three Mayors were Virginians; Kentucky, Pennsylvania 
and Maryland contributed two each. Among other States represented in the roll 
of the thirty-five St. Louis Mayors were Maine, North Carolina, Massachusetts, 
Connecticut, Ohio and Illinois. 

The Mayors of St. Louis and their terms of service have been : 

1823-28 — William Carr Lane. 1858-60 — Oliver D. Filley. 

1829-32— Daniel D. Page. 1861-62— Daniel G. Taylor. 

1833-34 — Samuel Merry (disqualified); John 1863 — Chauncey I. Filley. 

W. Johnston. 1864-68— James S. Thomas. 

1835-37— John F- Darby. 1869-70— Nathan Cole. 

1838-39 — William Carr Lane. 1871-74— Joseph Brown. 

1840— John F. Darby. 1875— Arthur B. Barret. 

1841— John D. Daggett. April 23, 1875, to February 9, 1876— James 

1842 — George Maguire. Britton. 

1843— John M. Wimer. 1876-81— Henry Overstolz. 

1844-45— Bernard Pratte. 1881-85 — William L. Ewing. 

1846— Peter G. Camden. 1885-89— David R. Francis. 

1847— Bryan Mullanphy. 1889 (Six months)— George W. Allen, follow- 

1848 — John M. Krum. ing resignation of Francis. 

1849 — James G. Barry. 1889-93 — Edward A. Noonan. 

1850-52- Luther M. Kennett. 1893-97 — Cyrus P. Walbridge. 

1853-54 — John How. 1897-1901 — Henry Ziegenhein. 

1855— Washington King. 190105— RoIIa Wells. 

1856 — John How. 190S-09 — Rolla Wells. 

1857 — John Wimer. 1909 — Frederick H. Kreismann. 

The first Board of Aldermen was composed of nine members, three from each 
of the three wards. The charter of 1839 created a Board of Aldermen, two from 
each ward, and a Board of Delegates, three from each ward. Aldermen were 
elected every two years, and Delegates annually. In 1859 the legislative body of 
the city became the Common Council with two members from each ward, elected 
alternately at annual elections. In 1875 the Municipal Assembly was created with 
a Council of thirteen members elected at large, and a House of Delegates con- 
sisting of one member from each ward. 



93 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

MORNING 



THE MUNICIPAL PARADE 

"My compliments to Mayor Kreismann, and say the line is formed and 
awaits his presence," Grand Marshal Spencer said to Sergeant Denipsey 
of the Mayor's escort at exactly 9:30 Wednesday morning. Less than 
twelve hours before that time the Veiled Prophet's pageant had taxed to 
the utmost the transportation facilities and the police provisions. And 
now the first of the great daylight parades was ready to move at the 
minute set by the oiScial program. The police brigade had formed. The 
long columns of city officials and their forces were in place. The bands 
were clean and trim and fresh looking, as if they had not played from 
beginning to end of the five miles march the night previously. The whole 
scene was a demonstration of the perfect organization which had pre- 
pared the Centennial Week. 

From early morning all street car lines leading to the business district 
had been bringing the crowds. When the Mayor and his escort dashed 
up in response to the Grand Marshal's notice and took place, the streets 
were thronged with people. Two regiments of patrolmen, a squadron 
of mounted men, 5,000 officials and their forces, the representation of every 
kind of vehicle in municipal use and a division of the fire department were 
constituent parts of the great procession. The marching, the uniforms, 
the banners, the condition of apparatus — all of these told how admirably 
the committee in charge of Municipal Day had done its work. This com- 
mittee was composed of : 

Robert Burkbam, Chairman, 
Ben C. Adkins, Dr. H. Wheeler Bond, Col. John A. Laird, Chief C. E. Swingley. 

The route of the Municipal Parade was from the vicinity of the City Hall, east on Chestnut 
street to Broadway: south on Broadway to Elm street; east on Elm street to Fourth street; 
north on Fourth street to Washington avenue; west on Washington avenue to Broadway; south on 
Broadway to Olive street; west on Olive street to Sixth street; north on Sixth street to Wash- 
ington avenue; west on Washington avenue to Twelfth street; south on Twelfth street to 
Clark avenue, passing in review before the Mayor of St. Louis and guests in the Court of 
Honor. 

In the reviewing box with Mayor Kreismann were : President Gundlach, of the 
City Council ; Speaker Rombauer, of the House of Delegates ; Bishop Daniel S. 
Tuttle; Mayor E. G. Lewis, of University City, and Mrs. Lewis, and Grand Marshal 
E. J. Spencer. 

Banners proclaiming the accomplishments of the several municipal departments 
were carried at the heads of the divisions. Among the inscriptions were: 

"St. Louis has 700 miles of paved streets, and 100 miles of oiled streets." 

"St. Louis has 630 miles of sewers." 

"St. Louis has spent $16,500,000 for sew^ers." 

**St. Louis bas pure water — only ninety-seven deaths from typhoid fever in 1908." 

"St. Louis has thirty-four parks and squares, and eight public play grounds." 

"Fire Department has 778 men and officers." 

As each division passed the Court of Honor, Mayor Kreismann acknowledged the 
salute. The Street Department apparatus made an impression on the visiting 



Municipal Day 93 

Mayors, and many declared they would investigate methods here before going home, 
with a view of adopting St. Louis improvements. In this division were street 
flushers, squeegees, oil wagons and other vehicles and appliances used in the 
service. 

The Water and Sewer Departments had good representations. The Park 
Department, with the gardeners, road laborers and watchmen, neatly uniformed, 
made a pleasing spectacle. Every man carried an American flag. 

The parade was concluded by the Fire Department, which displayed forms of 
fire apparatus from 1833 to the present date. The fire brigade was led by Assistant 
Chief Robert Punshon ; it was applauded generously by the visitors. 



ORDER OF MUNICIPAL PARADE 

I. Platoon of mounted police under command of Police Sergeant Thomas H. 
Dempsey. 

II. Grand Marshal — Col. E. J. Spencer, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Chief of Staflf — Lieut.-Col. Nelson G. Edwards, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Adjutant-General — Capt. Wm. W. Hoxton, Adjutant First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Chief of Aides — Maj. John B. O'Meara, Paymaster, N. G. M. 

AIDES. 
Lieut.-Col. A. C. Orrick, Adjutant-General, N. G. M. 
Maj. H. E. Ferrel, Surgeon, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Maj. H. Chouteau Dyer, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Maj. A. B. Donnelly, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Maj. H. F. Droste, Judge Advocate, N. G. M. 
Maj. S. G. Lowe, Engineer Officer, N. G. M. 
Capt. A. C. Kimball, Assistant Surgeon, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Capt. L. K. Robbins, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Capt. H. C. Dudley, Quartermaster, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Capt. A. B. Melville, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Capt. Lacy M. Love, Commissary, First Infantry, X. G. M. 
Capt. Raymond D. Weakley, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Lieut. Norman B. Comfort, First Infantry, X. G. M. 
Lieut. Joseph A. Nelson, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Lieut. Lennox Grant, First Infantry, N. G. M. 

Lieut. Wm. C. Bitting, Jr., Battalion Adjutant, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Lieut. George M. Faught. First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Lieut. Roslyn D. Whytock. First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Lieut. Hans Wulff. First Infantry, X. G. M. 
Lieut. Eugene O. Sanguinet, Field Battery "A," N. G. M. 
Lieut. Chester E. Burg. Signal Corps, N. G. M. 
Capt. James Hickman, St. Louis Police Department. 
Mr. Rufus L. Taylor, St. Louis Sewer Department. 
Dr. J. J. Prendergast, St. Louis Street Department. 
Assistant Chief Robt. S. Punshon, St. Louis Fire Department. 
Mr. Walter Cook, St. Louis Health Department. 
Mr. Ferdinand Provenchere, St. Louis Park Department. 
Mr. John J. Harkins. St. Louis Harbor and Wharf Department. 

III. Industrial School Band of eighty pieces. 
Superintendent Allen P. Richardson, Commanding. 



94 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

First Division 

ELECTIVE CITY OFFICIALS. 
IV. Marshal, Capt. C. M. Talbert, assistant to the President of Board of Public 
Improvements. 

Carriages containing city officials, as follows : 

1. Hon. Frederick H. Kreisraann, Mayor of St. Louis. 

2. Hon. John H. Gundlach, President of the City Council; Hon. Edgar R. Rombauer, 
Speaker of the House of Delegates. 

3. Hon. Benjamin J. Taussig, Comptroller; Hon. Leon W. Quick, Treasurer; Hon. William 
R. Hodges, Auditor; Hon. Martin R. H. Witter, Register. 

4. Hon. Edmond Koeln, Collector of Revenue; Hon. Christian Brinkop, President of Board 
of Assessors; Hon. George P. Weinbrenner, Marshal; Hon. Peter Anderson, Inspector of Weights 
and Measures. 

5. Hon. Louis Alt, License Collector; Hon. Jules Baron, Coroner. 

6. Hon. Edward Schneiderhalin, Vice-President City Council; Hon. Frank P. Crunden and 
Hon. John T. Davis, Members of the City Council. 

7. Hon. F. A. Drew, Hon. Chas. Espenschied, Hon. F. W. Evers, Members City Council. 

8. Hon. A. J. Fitzsimmons, Hon. Wm. H. Hauschulte, Hon. Albert B. Lambert, Members 
of the City Council. 

9. Hon. L. E. Lehmberg, Hon. Saunders Norvell, Hon. Wm. Chas. Schutz, Members of 
the City Council; Hon. Alexander Gait, Secretary of the City Council. 

10. Hon. W. Hilkerbaumer, Hon. John T. Soy, Hon. J. J. Gallagher, Hon. John J. 
Golden, Members of the House of Delegates. 

11. Hon. Herman Duing, Hon. Henry G. Oheim, Hon. John Mischel, Hon. Otto Buder, 
Members of the House of Delegates. 

12. Hon. George Eigel, Hon. W. H. Jacobs, Hon. Edwin J. Paule, Hon. E. A. Hildenbrandt, 
Members of the House of Delegates. 

13. Hon. Chas. W. Speitel. Hon, Moritz Koch, Hon. Fred. W. Tirre, Hon. W. J. Brennan, 
Members of the House of Delegates. 

14. Hon. H. A. Hamilton, Hon. O. G. Chapman, Hon. Wm. Samel, Hon. E. B. Gregory, 
Members of the House of Delegates. 

15. Hon. Wm. L. Igoe, Hon. R. A. Walker, Hon. J. C. Taussig, Hon. E. J. Russell, 
Members of the House of Delegates. 

16. Hon. Henry Rowell, Hon. Roy Filers, Hon. J. H. HoUiday, Members of the House of 
Delegates; Hon. Wm. T. Findley, Clerk of the House of Delegates. 

17. Hon. Maxime Reber, President of Board of Public Improvements; Hon. James C. 
Travilla, Street Commissioner; Hon. Ben. C. Adkins, Water Commissioner. 

18. Hon. Harry R. Fardwell, Sewer Commissioner; Hon. Joseph P. Whyte, Harbor Com- 
missioner; Hon. Philip C. Scanlan, Park Commissioner. 

19. Hon. Wm. J. Flynn, Assessor and Collector of Water Rates; Hon. John P. Boyce, 
Commissioner of Supplies; Hon. James A. Smith, Commissioner of Public Buildings; Hon. 
Lambert E. Walther, City Counselor. 

20. Dr. H. Wheeler Bond, Health Commissioner; Dr. John Young Brown, Dr. Harry M. 
McC. Johnson, Members of Board of Health. 

Second Division 

POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
I. Marshal, Col. John A. Laird, President Board of Police Commissioners. 

AIDES. 
Theodoric R. Bland, Otto L. Teichmann, George P. Jones, Members of the Board of Police 
Commissioners; Lieut. Albert W. Schwartz, St. Louis Police Department; Major Jas. H. Smith, 
Chief of Detectives; Capt. Frederick C. Husman, Superintendent of Horses. 
II. Squadron of Mounted Police; Capt. Martin O'Brien, Commanding. 
III. Col. E. P. Creecy, Chief of Police; Maj. Richard McDonnell, Inspector of Police; 
Capt. T. Rosser Roemer, Drillmaster; Band, H. J. Falkenheiner, Leader. 



Municipal Day 95 

FIRST REGIMENT PATROLMEN. 

IV. Lieut.-Col. Christy G. Gillaspy, Maj. A. C. Robinson, Surgeon; Lieut. Patrick J. 
McKenna; Band, R. M. Flagg, Leader. 
V. Second Regiment Patrolmen. 

VI. Lieut. Louis Nolte, Commanding Transportation; eight two-horse patrol wagons; one 
electric patrol wagon. 

Third Division 

DIVISION EMPLOYES OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 

I. Marshal, Charles M. O'Neill, of the Water Department; Band, Charles Seymour, Leader. 

STREET DEPARTMENT. 

II. George B. Stroup, Assistant Street Commissioner, in charge; four-horse wagon with 
Office and Engineering Staff. 

(a) STREET CLEANING DIVISION— BLOCK SYSTEM— Clinton Boogher in charge. 

1. One-horse vehicle. 4. One hundred employes on foot in de- 

2. Two two-horse block wagons. partment uniform, 

3. Four push carts. 

(b) STREET CLEANING DIVISION— SWEEPING AND FLUSHING— C. S. McGinn 

in charge. 

1. Four two-horse street flushing machines. 5. Two mud wagons. 

2. Two squeegees. 6. One hundred employes in department 

3. Two street sprinkling wagons. uniform. 

4. Two machine broom wagons. 

(c) GOOD ROADS DIVISION— A. W. Sheridan and R. F. Combs in charge. 

1. One-horse vehicle. 5. Two two-horse wagons. 

2. Two four-horse road grading machines. 6. Six oil men with brooms. 

3. Two two-horse wheel scrapers. 7. Six laborers with picks. 

4. Two one-horse carts. 8. Six shovelers with shovels. 

(d) REFUSE DIVISION— Joseph O'Connor in charge. 

1. One one-horse vehicle. 4. One two-horse dog wagon. 

2. Two refuse wagons. 5. Twenty-four men in uniform. 

3. One two-horse horse ambulance. 

III. WATER DEPARTMENT. 

Edward E. Wall, Assistant Water Commissioner, in charge. 
Band, Noel Poepping, Leader. 

1. Engineering and Office Force. 

2. Distribution System — Edward McDonald, Foreman, and thirty employes; wagon with 
Smith machine; William Gibberson, Foreman, and thirty employes. 

3. Meter and Tap Department — Charles Spencer, Foreman, and ten employes; wagon with 
tapping machine. 

4. Inspecting and Testing Department — Jacob Snyder, Foreman, and thirty-six employes. 

5. Supply and Purifying Department — John Sarber, Foreman, and twenty-five employes; 
Peter McGauley, Foreman, and twenty-five employes. 

6. Pumping Department — Harry O. Berger, Chief Engineer, and ihirty-five employes from 
the Bissell's Point Pumping Station; William J. Baird, Chief Engineer, and thirty-five employes 
from the Baden Pumping Station; A. J. Whatton, Chief Engineer, and thirty employes from 
the Chain of Rocks Pumping Station. 

IV. SEWER DEPARTMENT. 
Band, David Bcllner, Leader. 

1. James A. Hooker and William Clancy, Superintendents, in carriage. 

2. Forty employes, un-uniformed. 

3. Sixty employes, uniformed. 



96 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

V. HARBOR AND WHARF DEPARTMENT. 
C, M. Raleigh, in charge. 

Fifteen employes of the Department. 

VI. PARK DEPARTMENT. 
Band, Charles Vollrath, Leader. 

Walter W. Klein. Chief Clerk. Park Commissioner's Office. 

1. Fred. D. Marshall and fifty-four Keepers and Guards. 

2. John Moritz and seventy-seven Gardeners and Teamsters. 

3. George Kelleher and ninety-one laborers. 

PUBLIC RECREATION COMMISSION. 
Otto H. Boettger and sixteen employes, 

VII. HEALTH DEPARTMENT. 
Band, William Kaltenthaler, Leader. 

Albert H. Lawrence, Inspector Health Department. 

1. Health Department Ambulance Corps — Chief, Dr. C. D. Scott; automobile ambulance; 
eight two-horse ambulances. 

2. Health Department Disinfectant Corps — Chief, Gus. Voerg; eight two-horse wagons. 

Fourth Division 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Marshal. Charles E. Swingley, Chief of Department. 
Band, John Bohacek, Leader. 

(a) Apparatus of Old Volunteer Firemen, as follows: 
One two-wheel hose reel. 

One four-wheel hose reel. 

One old steam fire engine. (Made in St. Louis in 1837.) 

(b) Apparatus of present Fire Department, as foUows: 
Four steam fire engines. 

Four hose wagons. 

Two hook and ladder trucks. 

Three fuel wagons. 

One water tower. 

Two officers* wagons. 



AFTERNOON 



LAYING THE CORNER-STONE OF MUNICIPAL COURTS 

At tlie coiiciusion of tlie Municipal Parade, ^[ayor Krcismann and the 
visiting executives marched from the Court of Honor to the site of the 
New Rlunicipal Courts building; to lay the corner-stone. The site was 
surrounded by a throng of many thousands. Within an enclosure, officials 
of the city of St. Louis and the visiting Mayors assembled. The platform 
erected beside the stone was occupied by Mayor Kreismann, Bishop Tuttle, 
President John H. Gundlach, of the City Council, and Speaker Edgar R. 
Rombauer, of the House of Delegates. C. M. Talbert, of the Board of 
Public Improvements, who had in charge the sealed copper box, which 
was placed within the corner-stone, stood at the entrance to the stand. 

The St. Louis Industrial School Band, which had led the procession from the 
Court of Honor to the Municipal Courts building site, played "America." President 



Municipal Day 97 

John H. Gundlach, of the City Council, introduced Bishop Tuttle, who offered the 
invocation. _ 

Following the prayer, President Gundlach spoke. He especially emphasized the 
thought that nothing is more expressive of the individuality of a community than 
the character of its public buildings; that there is no other phase of municipal life 
which contributes so much to the progress of a city as its public improvements. 
He continued: - 

It is therefore with a sense of pride that we are assembled here at this momentous 
period of our city's history to lay the corner-stone of a public edifice which will 
combine in its physical solidity and proportions the best thought and energy of an 
intelligent and high-minded, progressive people. Let us hope that this magnificent 
temple of justice may symbolize in its simple beauty of outline an immaculate admin- 
istration of law and order, not to inspire fear, except to him who preys on his 
fellow-man, or who seeks to destroy the ordinances that cement the fundamental 
structure of society and government, but to inspire respect and equality of citizenship, 
and to stand as a monumental beacon light for the protection of society, for the 
sublime majesty of the law. 

Ladies and gentlemen, I take great pleasure in introducing to you the Centennial 
Mayor of our city, Hon. Frederick H. Kreismann. 

Mayor Kreismann congratulated the city on the municipal progress of which 
the occasion was evidence. He paid high tribute to the architect, Isaac S. Taylor, 
for his conception of this new municipal architecture. He spoke, in part, as follows: 

We are assembled here at this time to lay the corner-stone of this building, which 
is to take the place of the old building erected by our fathers many years ago, and 
which is known as the Four Courts. That building has served its purpose. The 
growth of St. Louis, the demands of the present and the future have made it 
necessary that the old building should be supplanted by a new one greater in its 
dimensions, more splendid in its appointments. 

It is with pleasure, as the representative of the city, that I perform this simple 
duty and give to this work not only my personal but my official indorsement. 

We here inaugurate a new idea, that of bringing into close proximity the build- 
ings in which are to be located the several departments of the city government. Not 
only will this be a source of convenience to the public, but it will add to the beauty 
and general appearance of the city. It marks the epoch in municipal progress. 
It bears mute testimony to the world that we are progressing, that we are going 
forward, that the buildings that met the requirements of half a century ago are inade- 
quate to meet the requirements of this day and of the future. Here in this 
magnificent building will be located the courts of justice. Here human scales of 
human justice. Here will come the father and mother, here will come the son and 
the daughter, here will come all classes of men and women, submitting their cause 
to the courts of earthly justice, and here justice will be administered unto all. 

So, to-day, my fellow-citizens, we lay this corner-stone. We begin the con- 
struction of this building. We fondly hope that in its architectural and material 
beauty it may be an adornment to our city. We fondly hope that coming genera- 
tions, viewing it in the retrospective, may say it typifies and gives expression to the 
culture of this day. The architects and builders of ancient Greece have left a 
record of their achievements, and this building, when completed, will bear testimony 
to the world that architecture has been glorified by the genius of the American 
people. 

There is and can be no structure more perfect in its outlines, more grand in its 
dimensions than this one, and to the great architect, Isaac S. Taylor, I offer my sincere 
compliments. The general supervision of this building will be with the Board of 
Public Improvements, and I am pleased today to give my indorsement to and to 
recommend in the highest terms the work of the president of that board and his 
associates for their unselfish devotion to their public duties and the welfare of 
St. Louis. 

My fellow-citizens, in this hour of our celebration it is fitting that we should lay 
the corner-stone of this building, dedicated to human justice, civic uprightness and 
civil progress. 



98 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The contents of the copper box enclosed in the corner-stone were : 

American flag. 

Mayor's address. 

Wednesday's issue of The Republic, Globe-Democrat, Post-Dispatch, Times, Star, Westliche 
Post and Amerika. 

Three photographs of grounds. 

Official souvenir programme. 

St. Louis in the Twentieth Century — Compliments of Woodward & Tiernan Printing Co. 

Historical Section of the Centennial Edition of the St. Louis Republic, of July 12, 1908. 

Copy of Ordinances relative to erection of Municipal Courts Building — 22,366, 22,674, 22,768, 
23,022, 23,125, 23,747, 23,814, 24,814, 24,339, 24.407, 24,530. 

Current issue of United States postage stamps. 

Small silver and copper coins. 

Copy of contract and specifications. 

Roster of City Officials and Members of Council and House of Delegates. 

Copy of Revised Code of St. Louis. 



THE POLICE REVIEW 

The most perfect exhibition ever given by the Police Department of 
St. Louis was that which took place in connection with the Municipal 
Parade. The movements, many of them difficult, were executed with a 
precision which brought forth applause from the thousands who filled the 
streets and stands. 

At the head rode Colonel John A. Laird, President of the Board of 
Police Commissioners ; Theodoric R. Bland, Otto L. Teichmann and 
George P. Jones, Police Commissioners ; Chief of Police Creecy, Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Gillaspy, Major McDonnell, Chief of Detectives Smith, Police 
Surgeon Robinson, Captain Hickman, Frederick Husmann, Superintend- 
ent of Horse, and Lieutenant Schwartz. 

The patrolmen came next. There were ten companies of ninety-six 
men each, commanded by ten captains, two lieutenants and eighty ser- 
geants. The companies were divided into platoons. Following the 
patrolmen came the color guard, composed of six sergeants bearing 
United States flags. The patrol wagon division followed. It was in 
command of Lieutenant Nolte and comprised nine wagons, including the 
new electric wagon. 

The mounted squad, with fifty men, one lieutenant and five sergeants, 
under command of Captain Martin O'Brien, followed, and just in the rear 
were the eight motorcycle men, thus bringing every branch of the depart- 
ment into line. 

When the Police Division reached Eighth street, on the westward march along 
Washington avenue, a delegation from the North St. Louis Wire Works, headed 
by Mace Cockerill, stepped to the curb and presented Patrolman John Fitzsimmons 
with a bunch of roses. Fitzsimmons was one of the honor men. A few months- 



Municipal Day 99 

ago he started after two highwaymen who had held up and robbed a Broadway 
car conductor in North St. Louis. Fitzsimmons went into the "Bottoms" on a tip 
from employes of the wire works in that section. He crept on the two men as 
they were dividing their spoils. Both had their revolvers lying near. Fitzsimmons 
had them covered with his weapon before they knew of his presence. 

After the laying of the corner-stone of the Municipal Courts Building, the police 
marched north on Thirteenth to Olive street, east to Twelfth street and south to 
the reviewing stands. Exhibition drills were given by the various companies. 
Patrolmen, under Drillmaster Roemer, went through the evolutions of the manual 
in splendid form. Mounted men aroused enthusiasm with their work, which con- 
sisted of riding at company front and in fours at walk, trot and gallop. The motor- 
cycle squad gave exhibitions in handling their machines while going at top speed. 

Colonel Laird read the report of the Medal Award Committee, and Chief of 
Police Creecy presented the medals as the men stepped forward. 

The Award Committee was composed of Colonel Edward L. Preetorious, Colonel 
Isaac A. Hedges and Benjamin F. Gray, Jr., former head of the Police Board. The 
Police Board made the awards on the recommendation of the committee. 



THE DIRIGIBLES AT FOREST PARK 

The aeronautic events of Wednesday were with the dirigibles. Beachey 
made a beautiful ascent in his dirigible, which looked like a great brown 
beetle as it buzzed hither and thither above the heads of the people. The 
aeronaut stood on the slender tubing of his frame, and drove his balloon 
apparently just as he pleased. The dirigible would move along for a 
distance at great speed, ascend at angle of 45 degrees, then pitch down 
at a like angle. All of the time the aeronaut stood on the slender frame 
work, and with a turn of the wrist changed the course right or left, up or 
down. He sailed hundreds of feet over the trees that Osmont had so 
feared, went high over the Statue of St. Louis and the Art Museum, 
"turned her in her tracks" at will, and amazed and delighted all who saw 
him. 

Wednesday morning about ten o'clock, in the presence of a few 
hundred spectators, Roy Knabenshue made a flight, maneuvering over 
Aviation Field for several minutes with his dirigible under perfect control. 



NIGHT 



THE LECTURE BY DR. COOK 

As Centennial Week approached the difficulties in the way of the pro- 
posed banquet increased. Occupancy of the Coliseum for the Veiled 
Prophet function Tuesday night made it impracticable to install ranges 
and to prepare for service of an elaborate dinner the following night. 



100 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Public interest in polar discovery was very great. The executive com- 
mittee welcomed the Cook proposition and adopted the following : 

The Business Men's League having proposed to substitute for the 
banquet, arranged to be given on the evening of the sth, an illustrated 
lecture by Dr. Frederick A. Cook, the same being the first complete account 
of his discovery of the North Pole, the Executive Committee of the St. 
Louis Centennial Association hereby accepts the substitute proposition with 
thanks, realizing that the Business Men's League offers an entertainment 
which will be much more attractive to the visiting Mayors and other guests 
than the proposed banquet would have been. 

The facilities at the Coliseum for handling quickly a great crowd were 
tested and proved adequate the night of the lecture. There was no 
crowding, no jostling. As early as 6:45 p. m. the crowd began to assemble 
at the entrances. The doors opened at 7:15. At that time the Coliseum 
was surrounded by several thousand people and from^ all points of. 
the compass additions were coming. But so well distributed at the several 
entrances was the crowd that those holding tickets passed in without 
difficulty. Those who had "come early to avoid the rush" had little 
advantage over the late comers. The arrangements for seating, made by 
President James E. Smith and Secretary W. F. Saunders of the Business 
Men's League, with a well-drilled corps of ushers, worked perfectly. 

The Business Men's League Committee on Reception of Dr. Frederick A. Cook 
was composed of: 

Mr. Dan C. Nugent, Chairman. Mr. W. J. Kinsella, Vice-Chairman. 

Mr. Murray Carleton, Hon. F. H. Kreismann, Mr. George W. Simmons, 

Mr. D. R. Calhoun, Mr. J. A. Lewis, Mr. E. J. Spencer, 

Mr. Amadee B. Cole, Mr. J. L. Mauran, • Mr. W. H. Thomson, 

Mr. L. D. Dozier, Mr. Elias Michael, Mr. L. T. Tune, 

Mr. Edward Devoy, Mr. James H. McTague, Hon. C. P. Walbridge, 

Hon. D. R. Francis, Mr. Tom Randolph, Hon. RoUa Wells, 

Hon. Nathan Frank, Mr. W. F. Saunders. Mr. W. B. Wells, 

Mr. E. B. Filsinger, Mr. A. L. Shapleigh, Mr. O. L. Whitelaw. 
Mr. Walker Hill, Mr. James E. Smith, 

The Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Max Zach, rendered the following pro- 
gram between 7 130 and 8 :30 o'clock : 

I. Overture, "William Tell" Rossini 

z. Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 2 Liszt 

3. (a) "The Glow Worm" Lincke 

(b) "Siamese Patrol" Lincke 

4. Ballet Music from "La Gioconda" PonchtelH 

5. Waltz, "Jolly Vienna" Komzak 

6. Selection from "Algeria" Herbert 

7. (a) March, "The Rising West" Thumser 

(b) March, "A Frangesa" Costa 

8. Selection from "Faust" Gounod 

9. March, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" Sousa 

ID. Song, "Star-Spangled Banner." 



INDUSTRIAL DAY 

Thursday, October 7th 

FROM MERCHANT PIONEER TO MECHANIC PRINCE 

More flippantly than accurately, a writer on the colonial commerce 
of the settlement said a St. Louis merchant in 1790 was "a man who, 
in the corner of his cabin, had a large chest which contained a few pounds 
of powder and shot, a few knives and hatchets, a little red paint, two or 
three rifles, some hunting shirts of buckskin, a few tin cups and iron pots, 
and perhaps a little tea, coffee, sugar and spice." 

In 1805 was made what may be considered the first review of the 
trade and commerce of St. Louis. It was prepared by Antoine Soulard, 
who held the office of surveyor of Upper Louisiana. It was dated "At 
St. Louis of the Illinois, March, 1805.'' Mr. Soulard's report showed 
the year's trade at St. Louis amounted to $77,971. The items were skins, 
hides, tallow and fat and bears' grease. The largest item was dressed 
deer skins, of which St. Louis handled 96,000, valued at $28,000. The 
next item of trade was beaver pelts, of which St. Louis handled 12,000 
pounds, valued at $14,737. 

A beaver skin of the largest size was called a plus. This was the 
standard. A plus of other skins was the number which the traders con- 
sidered equal in value to the beaver. A certain number of deer skins 
made a plus. A different number of otter skins was a plus. A hundred 
pounds of beaver skins made a pack. About the most valuable considera- 
tion given for skins was a brass kettle. A brass kettle was traded for its 
weight in beaver skins. The latter in good condition were worth three 
dollars or more a pound in St. Louis. Of beaver, eighty skins made a 
pack weighing one hundred pounds. A pack of buffalo was ten skins; 
of bear, fourteen skins ; of otter, sixty ; of coon, eighty ; of fox, 120 ; of 
muskrat, 600. 

In 1805 it was officially announced at St. Louis that "taxes can be 
paid in shaven deer skins at the rate of three pounds to the dollar (33V3 
cents) from October to April ; after that time in cash." 

"The season's catch" was a fur-trading expression. It meant the 
product of one year. In 1840, the season's catch of the American Fur 
Company which reached St. Louis was 67,000 buffalo robes. In 1848 
St. Louis received 110,000 bufifalo and other skins. That same year the 
fur traders brought to St. Louis 25,000 buff'alo tongues. The value of 
their trade in 1820 was estimated at $600,000. The goods which the 



102 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

traders carried to barter for skins were of great variety. '"Strouding" 
was a staple. It was a coarse cloth from which the Indians made breech- 
clouts and petticoats. Blankets were always available for trade. So, also, 
were kettles, looking-glasses, knives, blue and black handkerchiefs, calicoes, 
tin cups, dishes, scarlet cloth, buttons. What might be called the luxuries 
of the trade were brass finger rings, arm and wrist bands of silver, ear- 
rings and brooches. 

"Exclusive privilege of trading with the Indians cf the Missouri and those west 
of the Mississippi above the Missouri as far north as the River St. Peter" enabled 
Laclede to lay the commercial corner-stone of St. Louis in 1764 with a fur trade 
worth from $60,000 to $75,000 a year.. 

Secretary Morgan, of the Merchants' Exchange, gave the value of furs received 
at St. Louis in igo8 as $7,500,000, making this the largest primary fur market of 
the world. 

The fur traders, 145 years after Laclede's beginning, were still doing business 
at the old stand. They were having here, in the Centennial year of 1909, single 
sales of more value than Laclede's trade for an entire year. They were receiving 
and selling in a month more than the great American Fur Company did in a year 
of its most prosperous period. 

Laclede's "exclusive privilege" did not live out the allotted period. But, before 
the years had gone by the settlement had obtained a grip on the fur trade which 
endured. There were other fur traders — Scotch, English, Dutch. They failed in 
their plans to take away the territory from St. Louis. Even the Americans on the 
Atlantic seaboard mistook the quality of these St. Louis fur traders, learned to their 
cost what competition with them meant and went into partnership with them. 
Washington Irving took this Eastern estimate of the St. Louisans in his Astoria. 
He described St. Louis in those early days as a small trading place, where trappers, 
half-breeds, gay, frivolous Canadian boatmen congregated and reveled with that 
lightness and buoyancy of spirit inherited from their French forefathers ; the 
indolent Creole caring for little more than the enjoyment of the present hour ; a 
motley population, half-civilized, half-barbarous. 

Gabriel Franchere, who wrote an excellent narrative of the fur trade in the 
period of its romance, was more accurate, as Astor discovered. He said that "St. 
Louis even then contained its noble, industrious, and I may say, princely merchants. 
It could boast its Chouteaus, Soulards, Cerres, Chenies and Valles, with other 
kindred spirits." 

From the merchant princes at St. Louis and the barons who held the posts, 
down to the engages, these fur traders were invincible. 

A century ago the first newspaper when not nine months old began to urge the 
importance of home manufactures upon St. Louis. "Manifest destiny" was a 
favorite theme with writers, but the men who made St. Louis never overlooked 
the importance of supplementing natural advantages with enterprise. In the early 
days the supremacy of the settlement, town and city depended upon distributive 
commerce. St. Louis was a distributing center. Fortunes were made and the city 
waxed rich and powerful through the bringing of all kinds of manufactured products 
and their distribution to great and growing sections of the country. But the per- 
manence of St. Louis' prosperity, the enduring growth of traffic came with a new 
character. As productive commerce became more and rnore important St. Louis 
was btiilded for the generations to come. 



Industrial Day 103 

In its issue of January 31, i8ri, the Missouri Gazette announced: "An event 
not viewed as of public importance itself may yet be highly interesting from the 
reflections to which it gives rise. An English gentleman, Mr. Bridge, of consider- 
able capital, arrived here on Tuesday evening last with his family for the purpose 
of establishing himself in this place. We understand he has brought with him 
the machinery of a cotton factory and two merino rams. Such an immigrant is 
an important acquisition to the country." 

The French habitants of St. Louis raised tobacco in their common fields. 
Tobacco was manufactured in only crude forms until after the American occupa- 
tion. In 1817 Richards & Quarles had "a tobacco manufactory" on the cross street 
nearly opposite the postoffice. About 1840 the newspapers spoke of tobacco as 
"another item of our trade which is swelling every year into much greater 
importance." 

Twenty years after the civil war St. Louis had become the second largest 
tobacco manufacturing center, being surpassed only by Jersey City. In 1908 St. 
Louis was maintaining the position it had held for years as "the place where more 
tobacco is manufactured annually than in any other place in the world." That year 
of depression in some industries showed an increase in the products of St. Louis 
tobacco factories to 75,750,000 pounds as compared with the 65,980,000 pounds of 
1907. The product of the six tobacco manufacturing establishments of St. Louis 
in 1907 was valued at $21,127,654. 

Seventy years the industry of white lead production has been growing in St. 
Louis. Twenty years ago it .reached an output of from 18,000 to 20,000 tons annually. 
The manufacture of sheet lead and of pipe has been a St. Louis industry, owing 
its prosperity to the tributary lead region. There was a time when the shot towers 
of St. Louis turned out 40 per cent of the shot manufactured in the United States. 

St. Louis proved to be the best place in the United States for the manufacture 
of white lead. It had advantages other than nearness to the pig lead supply. Oil 
was cheaper here. The oak timber to make the kegs came into this market. In 
the early days Henry T. Blow brought castor beans and made free distribution of 
them to farmers around St. Louis in order to encourage production. One of Mr. 
Blow's purchases of castor beans was brought up the river on a steamboat which 
was conveying immigrants to St. Louis. A bag of beans on the lower deck bursted 
and wrought havoc among the unfortunate people, who cooked and ate the beans. 

Natural was the evolution from pig lead and white lead to paint, with twenty- 
five St. Louis manufacturers turning out annually over seven million dollars in 
paints and varnishes. The ten million dollars' worth of pig lead which the mines 
of Missouri now annually send to St. Louis is the base of a pyramid of industries. 
From 25 to 35 per cent of this lead remains here. It is the raw material which 
enters into various forms of manufacturing. The industries which this pig lead 
thus encourage add over twenty-five million dollars to the productive trade of the 
city. They are sustained by millions of dollars of invested capital. They give 
employment to an army of salaried and wage people. 

The woodenware and willowware industry and trade were among the early 
business triumphs of St. Louis. There was quite a trade in woodenware during 
the decade of 1830-40, but it was carried on under the same roofs with hardware. 
In the summer of 1851 Samuel Cupples came from Cincinnati, bringing a stock of 
woodenware and willowware, with which he opened a store in that line distinctively 
on Locust street near the Levee. Just twenty years later St. Louis ruled the 
world in this trade. 



104 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The first St. Louis flouring mill equipped with improved machinery and with 
steam power was at the foot of Florida street. It was conducted by Edward 
Walsh. That was in 1827. Just twenty years later St. Louis had fourteen large 
mills. And in 1850 there were twenty-two mills grinding 12,000 bushels of wheat 
into 2,800 barrels of flour daily. Before 1880 St. Louis was the first city of the 
country in the manufacture of flour. St. Louis millers recognized early the tendency 
to localize manufacture of flour. They developed this policy until they owned or 
controlled large mills at many points in Illinois, Missouri and other States. 

The centennial of the furniture industry can be celebrated this year. In July 
1810 Heslep and Taylor informed the public that they had "just arrived from 
Pennsylvania with an extensive assortment of materials necessary for elegant and 
plain chairs. They will gild, varnish, japan and paint their work agreeable to the 
fancy of those who wish to encourage the business in this place." In 1908 St. 
Louis had fifty furniture factories making $5,867,000 in products. St. Louis was 
exporting furniture to Europe. 

Cupples Station was an evolution. At Seventh and Poplar streets the city had 
a market house which had outlived its usefulness. The property was for sale. 
The house of Cupples & Co. was on Second street. "We needed a warehouse," 
said Samuel Cupples. "We thought the market house was in a location convenient 
to the railroad and would suit our purposes. We bought it. Then we bought 
another back of it. The idea of having warehouses with railroad tracks beside 
them grew on the benefits that accrued." That is the history of Cupples Station, 
which has been worth millions of dollars to St. Louis trade in the heavy lines. 
The saving in the years of Cupples Station's growth held old and gained new trade 
territory for St. Louis. 

Stability has been a marked characteristic of mercantile St. Louis. It has applied 
to retail as well as to wholesale trade. The structure had two corner-stones — 
one-price and plain-dealing. 

St. Louisans commenced drinking beer in 1810. St. Vrain opened a brewery north 
of the city and put it in charge of a German brewer named Hab. He made two 
kinds, strong and table beer. Strong beer he sold for ten dollars a barrel and table 
beer for five dollars a barrel. These prices were cash. If produce was taken, St. 
Vrain charged twelve dollars a barrel. About the same time Jacob Philipson made 
beer which retailed "at twelve and one-half cents a quart at the stores of Sylvester 
Labbadie and Michel Tesson and at various other convenient places." Ezra 
English made malt beer and stored it in English's cave where Benton Park is now. 
Then the firm of English & McHose was formed to manufacture beer on a large 
scale for that day. The rising tide of German immigration made lager beer familiar 
to St. Louisans before 1850. 

In i860 the Mississippi Handcls-Zeitung gave a list of forty breweries in oper- 
ation in St. Louis, making 23,000 barrels of beer a year with a capital of $600,000. 
The magnitude of the business seemed amazing to the American newspapers. The 
statistician of one paper figured that the consumption in St. Louis was 658 glasses 
for every person in the course of a year. In 1908 the breweries numbered twenty- 
seven and the production of malt liquors was above $20,000,000. 

"Heavy groceries" constituted a distinct branch of the trade of St. Louis for 
many years. The Colliers, the Lacklands, the Glasgows, were dealers in heavy 
groceries. They would be called importers now. They brought to St. Louis sugar 
by the boat-load, coffee, tea and a few other staples in enormous quantities, selling 
them at small margin as desired by jobbers. 



Industrial Day 105 

How rapidly St. Louis extended her trade is shown in a statement of business 
made by six drygoods houses in 1853. These houses reported : 

Sales in 1845 $1,119,657 

Sales in 1853 4,074,782 

In eight years their increase of annual business was $2,955,724. But this was 
by no means an indication of the volume of St. Louis trade in the one line. There 
were at that time over twenty wholesale dry goods houses in this city. In 1855 
St. Louis had fifty-two houses in the wholesale grocery business, selling goods 
annually to the value of $22,000,000. In 1881 the number of wholesale grocery 
houses was the same, fifty-two, with sales, exclusive of sugar and coffee and rice, 
reaching $30,000,000 a year. In 1908 the business done was $69,000,000. 

Isaac Wyman Morton created the first elaborate and illustrated trade catalogue 
issued by a St. Louis house. Eighteen months — days, evenings and holidays — he 
devoted to the work. There was no model to copy, for Mr. Morton was entering 
a comparatively new field. Mr. Morton prepared the huge volume in detail — the 
descriptions, the classification, the indexing and the paging. He superintended the 
engraving of the pictures. In those days, thirty years ago, the making of cuts had 
not reached the present standards. This illustrated hardware catalogue came out 
in 1880. It was a revolution in selling methods. The cost, $30,000, staggered some 
of the other stockholders of the Simmons Hardware Company. But that first year 
the catalogue was in use the sales of the house increased over $1,000,000. 

The fourth city in population and in manufacturing, St. Louis ranks first in 
some specialties of productive commerce. Here are the largest shoe house, the 
largest tobacco factory, the largest brewery in the United States. Here are 
produced more street cars, stoves and ranges, more American-made chemicals, than 
in any other manufacturing center of this country. 

Two developments in the productive commerce of St. Louis have been strikingly 
similar in the successful results. They started thirty years apart. Conditions which 
confronted them were of like discouraging character. The foresight and superb 
courage of a handful of men in each of these movements meant a great deal to 
the industrial progress of this city. The Filleys and the Bridges in the decade 
of 1840-1850 inaugurated the manufacture of stoves against the opinion of the 
business community, creating an industry which has grown to nineteen establish- 
ments turning out annually products to the value of $7,500,000. Thirty years later 
the Browns, the Hamiltons, the Desnoyers and a little group of men began a 
demonstration of the advantages St. Louis offered for manufacture of shoes. 
They faced the same adverse opinion which failed to deter the pioneer stove- 
makers. This industry grew until there were twenty-two shoe manufacturing 
concerns in St. Louis turning out 100,000 pairs of shoes a day, with an annual 
product of over $25,000,000. 

This shoe manufacturing industry drew to it young men of business judgment 
and energy rather than large investments of capital. It grew upon brains rather 
than upon cash. It created for St. Louis a coterie of energetic public-spirited 
citizens. It has done a great deal more for the city than is represented in the 
direct addition it has made to the volume of productive commerce. As the 
business of shoe manufacturing grew into the form of corporations, the ambitious 
and the worthy were encouraged to become shareholders. The pioneer shoe 
manufacturers of St. Louis, with the recollection of their own experiences, led 
in this movement. One of the most successful of the shoe companies of St. Louis 
consists of one hundred partners. This single line of manufacture has developed 



106 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

for the city half a thousand business men whose activities and whose influence 
are widely felt for the public good. 

In i860 St. Louis had 1,126 manufacturing industries with $12,733,948 capital, 
giving employment to 11,737 people and producing $27,000,000 in value. This city 
fell below Boston, Cincinnati, Newark, New York, Philadelphia, Providence, Pitts- 
burg in manufactures. 

Twenty years later, in 1880, St. Louis had come up to 2,886 manufacturing 
industries, employing $45,385,000 capital and 39,724 people. The products had been 
increased to $104,383,587 in value. St. Louis was surpassed in 1880 only by Brooklyn, 
Chicago, New York, Philadelphia and Pittsburg. 

In 1907 the manufactured products of St. Louis industries reached a valuation 
of $314,185,326, a gain from $139,691,595 in 1900, as shown by the census. The 
capital invested in manufacturing at St. Louis in 1907 was $212,908,508. The 
number of people employed in these manufacturing industries was 119,131. 



MORNING 



THE INDUSTRIAL PARADE 

Between the equestrian figure of Saint Louis on the Million Club float, 
and the final industrial float, stretched three miles of model factories and 
workshops in operation, depicting the various processes of manufacture. 
Twelve hundred horses pulled floats or carried riders, and 650 musicians 
marched. 

The hardware interests, the great dry goods concerns, the carpet 
houses, saddlery and harness industries, cigars and tobacco, stoves, fur- 
niture, clothing, coffee and tea, provisions, soap manufacturers, bakeries, 
flour mills, farm machinery, packing houses, building material, news- 
papers, patent medicines, carriages and vehicles, laundries, agricultural 
implements, electrical supplies, plumbing, fuel and ice, as well as various 
civic organizations, were represented in the long line of floats. The 
band which headed the first division was composed of 100 pieces, and the 
bands heading the other divisions had 50 pieces each. Of the musical 
organizations, the Scottish pipers, in Highland costume, were especially 
popular. 

The aides to the grand marshal wore dark suits, dark hats, black 
leggins and white gloves. The Million Population Club float led the 
parade. It was drawn by twenty horses. "To the Front" was represented 
by a live Saint Louis in complete armor. Back of the charger were five 
girls holding ribbons, and a youth on a throne. 

The Women's Trade Union League float was the only one in the parade designed 
and provided entirely by women. It represented "Home and Industrial Life." In 
front was a cottage yard with Miss Ann Egan holding a life-size doll in her arms 
watching over Madeline Cook and Dwight Bird, children who played at her feet. 



Industrial Day 107 

In the background were factories with smoking chimneys. A tall young woman, 
with a diadem of gold and a great shield on which the word "Victory" was inscribed, 
stood as though protecting the "mother and children" in the cottage yard. Emanci- 
pation through organized industry was the thought in the design. 

The Post-Dispatch float was greeted with cheers along the line of march. It 
contained the famous characters made known through the medium of the Sunday 
comic supplement. The young woman who took the part of Mrs. Newlywed gave 
a realistic portrayal of this popular character. On the float also were Yens Yensen, 
janitor; the Step-Brothers and their Mother; Bill, the Dreamer, and the Weather 
Bird. 

Commission house floats included screened cages filled with live poultry, 'possums 
and rabbits. Some of the packing houses had live cattle in their floats. The floral 
companies' floats displayed rare plants and trees growing in real soil and tended 
by gardeners. The St. Louis Rowing Club and Volunteer Life-Saving Association 
float was a six-oared shell fifty feet or more in length. It found some difficulty 
in making the street turns. The oarsmen seated in the shell were in rowing 
costume, with their arms well tanned and shoulders showing powerful muscles. 
They were heartily cheered along the way. 

Airship and balloon suggestions were many. Air-craft in variety were shown. 
Several floats released toy balloons, which went sailing away before eager hands 
could catch them. The North Pole was another popular design. One furnace 
company exhibited the pole being warmed alongside a furnace of its make. A shoe 
company showed Eskimos and an explorer at the pole wearing its shoes. A brewery 
revealed the Polar traveler as having just reached the "Great Nail" and in the act 
of refreshing himself from a keg. 

The post office of St. Louis demonstrated the great advancement made in the 
handling of mail matter. A special railroad mail car constructed by the Railway 
Mail Association, with open sides to permit a view of the interior, was presented as a 
float. A staff of eight postal clerks handled the letters taken up during the parade. 
The Government employed a special post-mark reading, "Centennial Parade, R. P. O., 
1809 — October 7, 1909 — St. Louis, Missouri." The public deposited mail in the 
letter boxes attached to the car. This Centennial cancellation stamp was used to 
mark all of the letters thus received. 

All of the newspaper floats were notably attractive. The Globe-Democrat pre- 
sented a beautiful object-lesson in journalism, designed to portray to the public 
the magnitude and complexity of the organization necessary for the production of 
a modern metropolitan daily. It was very ornate and the color scheme was carried 
out appropriately. The central feature was a large globe. From points upon its 
surface wires led over a telegraph pole to a representation of the newspaper in the 
forward section. This newspaper was attached to a large shield, supported by 
wings, which extended back to the rear of the float. Several legends were displayed 
descriptive of the Globe-Democrat's news service. Half a dozen newsboys cir- 
culated between the shield and the globe, selling "wuxtries" in pantomime. The 
float was one of the most pretentious of the entire parade. 

Four Corinthian columns, symbolical of the special departments of its Sunday 
edition, formed the chief part of the St. Louis Star float. This was an artistic 
creation, built around these columns, and the themes of the department features 
were carried out minutely. 



108 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



The members of the Committee on the Industrial Parade were: 

Chas. F. Wenneker, Chairman. Frank Gaiennie, Secretary, 



J. M. Adams. 
James W. Alcorn. 
Howard Boogher. 
C. F. Blanke. 
Geo. Blumenstock. 
H. J. Bube. 
Dan. C. Bordley. 
C. W. Brown. 
J. D. Bascom. 
Chas. S. Brown. 
A. D. Brown. 
Aug. A. Busch. 
Samuel D. Capen. 
Geo. B. Compton. 
John P. Cabanne. 
Martin Collins. 
L. D. Dozier. 
Henry C. Diamant. 
Walter B. Douglas. 
W. H. Danforth. 
Arthur J. Fitzsimmons. 
M. T. Flahive. 
Ernst B. Filsinger. 
Wm. D. Franklin. 
Nathan Frank. 
H. W. Geller. 
James J. Gallagher. 
Henry C. Garneau. 
Wm. Grafeman. 
John H. Gundlach. 
R. L. Hughes. 
Harry A. Hamilton. 
A. H. Handlan. 
Louis Hilfer. 



H. Hockel. 
Chas. W. Holtcamp. 
Albert Von Hoffman. 
Frank D. Hunkins. 
Otto F. Karbe. 
Capt. Henry King. 
W. J. Kinsella. 
Geo. Knapp. 
Francis Krenning. 
Edw. Koeln. 
Mrs. D. W. Knefler. 
Fred. H. Kreismann. 
R. C. Kerens. 
Chas. W. Knapp. 
G. J. Kerner. 
Martin Lammert. 
W. A. Lockwood. 
Martin Lammert, Jr. 
E. G. Lewis. 
W. M. Ledbetter. 
Edw. Logan. 
Geo. D. Markbam. 
C. W. Mansur. 
Elias Michael. 
J. McCarthy. 
J. McDonough. 
Robert McCullcch. 
Richard McCuIIoch. 
Owen Miller. 
Sam M. Myerson. 
Saunders Norvell. 
Henry Nicolaus. 
Thos. K. Niedringhaus. 



J. Nix. 

J. Prendergast. 
John A. Peitzmeier. 
Louis Ploeser. 
H. W. Peters. 
Monroe Price. 
Edw. Preetorius. 
Edgar R. Rombauer. 
Henry G. Rolfes. 
John C. Roberts. 
A. E. Reton. 
J. A. J. Shultz, 
E. E. Scharff. 
Charles P. Senter. 
H. S. Sharpe. 
A. L. Shapleigh. 
Louis Schaefer. 
Jos. Steunmeyer. 
G. H. Schelp. 
Jas. E. Smith. 
Wm. C. Steigers. 
Louis Schmidt. 
Oscar Sontag. 
Geo. J. Tansey. 

E. J. Troy. 
Wm. H. Tate. 

F. A. Witte. 
Louis H. Waltke. 

E. F. H. Wenneker. 
Henry Woods. 
Walter B. Woodward. 
Harry Wandell. 
M. P. White. 



President Charles F. Wenneker and Vice-President Frank Gaiennie, of the 
Million Club, rode in a carriage at the head of the procession to the reviewing 
stand, where they stopped and witnessed the result of their efforts. 

A distinctive feature of the parade, and one that caused much favorable comment, 
was the manner in which the aides kept the floats bunched. This shortened the 
procession, but in nowise detracted from its attractiveness. An order strictly 
enforced by the Chief-of-Staff, Colin M. Selph, read : 

"Division Marshals will not permit breaks or intervals in their divisions. 
Floats will keep from ten to fifteen feet apart." 

The industrial pageant represented the work of 250 artists, decorators and 
mechanics for many weeks. A single float cost $1,400. 



Industrial Day 



109 



ORDER OF INDUSTRIAL PARADE 
Division No. 1. 

POLICE ESCORT. 

Band loo Pieces — Charles Seymour, J. H. Bauer, John Bohacek and Jerry Vrana, 

Leaders. 

Grand Marshal, C. F. Blanke. 

Hon. J. H. Gundlach, President City Council. 

Chief of Staff, Colin M. Selph. 

H. J. Bube, Adjutant. L H. Sawyer, Adjutant. 

MOUNTED AIDES. 



Frank B. Godski, 

Judge W. W. Henderson, 

Louis Ploeser, 

Dewey L. Hickey, 

R. Park von Wedelstaedt. 

J. D. Marshal, 

S. L. VonPhul, 

Bruce Dugan, 

Wm. Schaefer, 

C. W. Seeger, 
Jackson Banks, 
E. M. Crowley, 
Saunders Norvell, Jr. 
R. S. Evans, 
Arthur Siegel, 

S. N. Oppenheimer, 
John H. Sharley, 

D. W. Marshall, 
A. C. Hiller, 
Paul O. Sommer, 

Carriage — Hon. Chas. 



D. Loeblein, 
Chas. Sausselle, 

E. H. Wessler, 
Frank Warner, 
Henry Korn, 
Frank Holland, 
Frank Yawitz, 
John R. McCarthy, 
Judge M. F. Moore, 
E. J. Troy, 
Donald Cameron, 

Dr. R. Shepard Bryan, 
Fred Deibel, 
Z. E. Clardy, 
Louis Winter, 
Dr. H. M. Baird, 
John Melzheimer, 
Edw. Cowhey, 
Dr. Harry B. Piatt, 
P. J. McAliney, 
F. Wenneker, Chairman ; 



Frank Kohl, 
Bernard Held, 
C. Maynard Faught, 
F. A. Seifert, 
Joseph Bauer, 
L. L. Wait, 

F. Hornecker, 
Frank Conrad, 

G. L. Booney, 
J. F. Conrad, 
Samuel F. Myerson, 
Walter B. Woodward, 
Wm. Grafeman, 

Dr. John C. Brecht, 
C. C. Nichols, 
G. Lacy Crawford, 
David J. Sabini, 
Benj. J. Burenstein, 
Sol. Colendar, 
Dr. J. F. Menestrina. 
Capt. Frank Gaiennie, Secre- 



tary Industrial Parade Committee. 



FLOATS. 



1. Million Population Club with twenty horses. 3. Norvell-Shapleigh Hardware Co. 

2. The Brown Shoe Co. 4. Women's Trade Union. 

5. Kennard Carpet Co. 



Division No. 2. 

Band Fifty Pieces — N. W. Mclntire and Julius Streit, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Capt. James Hardy, Thos. Stocker. 

Aides — P. D. Teasdale, Arthur Schroeder, Frank Zengel, H. Westman. 

Butchertown Rough Riders Under Command F. X. Lederle, John Nix, Adjutant. 



FLOATS. 



St. Louis Globe-Democrat. 

Hamilton-Brown Shoe Co. 

Geller, Ward & Hasner Hardware Co. 

Peters Shoe Co. 

Stanard-Tilton Milling Co. 



6. Sickles Saddlery Co. 

7. Handlan-Buck Mfg. Co. 

8. Grimm & Gorly. 

9. M. Fritz & Son Cigar & Tobacco Co. 
10. Peter Hauptman Tobacco Co. 



110 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Division No. 3. 

Band Fifty Pieces — W. A. Kaltenthaler and A. V. Bafunno, Leaders. 
Division Marshals — Capt. W. L. Clemens, Geo. T. Moffatt. 
Aides — Roy Ryan, James Alcorn. 

FLOATS. 

Thirty Mounted Sir Knights (Wertheimer-Swarts Shoe Co.). 

1. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 5. Frank Gaiennie Advertising Co. 

2. Roberts, Johnson & Rand Shoe Co. 6. McLain-AIcorn Commission Co. 

3. Rice-Stix Dry Goods Co. 7. Schwab Clothing Co. 

4. Hellrung & Grimm House Furnishing Co. 8. Giesecke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe Co. 

9. Boogher-Force & Goodbar Hat Co. 

Diyision No. 4. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Noel Poepping and H. J. Falkenhainer, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Robt. L. Blanke, Dave B. Aloe. 

Aides — W. A. Lockwood, M. T. Curren, Hy. Schenkel. 

The Polish Cavalry — Capt, John Malon, Commanding. 

FLOATS. 

1. C. F. Blanke Tea & Coffee Co. 6. M. Lammert Furniture Co. 

2. West End Business Men's Assn. 7. Herkert & Meisel Trunk Co. 

3. Bakers' Union, No. 4. 8. Friedman-Shelby Shoe Co. 

4. Ringen Stove Co. 9. Model Baby Shoe Co. 

5. Wm. Waltke Soap Co. 10. A. Moll Grocery Co. 

II. Cigar Makers* Unions, Nos. 44 and 281. 

Division No. 5. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Guido Vogel and J. W. Schmoeller, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Fred Freund, Walter Freund. 

Aides — Dr. Ed. Schrantz, W. A. Estep, David L. Remley. 

FLOATS. 

1. St. Louis Times and Westliche Post. 7. Bollman Eros. Piano Co. 

2. Robinson Fire Apparatus Mfg. Co. 8. David L. Remley. 

3. Robinson Fire Apparatus Mfg. Co. 9. David L. Remley. 

4. Butler Brothers. 10. David L. Remley. 

5. Simmons Hardware Co. 11. Mound Builders. 

6. American Bakery Co. 12. Mound Builders. 

Clem Weick Ambulance. 

Division No. 6. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Otto Virzing and Chas. Krieger, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Robt. E. Lee, J. D. Brizzi. 

Aides — W. T. Dougherty, O. G. Dietz. 

FLOATS. 

Blanke-Wenneker Candy Co. 6. Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co. 

Steinwender-Stoffregen Coffee Co. 7. Fruit Supply Co. 

St. Louis Fruit & Produce Co. 8. Columbia Soda & Mineral Water Co. 

Wm. Grafeman Dairy Co. 9. Mayer Bros. Coffee & Spice Co. 

Colonial Creamery Co. 10. Standard Theater. 



Industrial Day 



111 



Division No. 7. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Ed. Mayer and Wm. Schneider, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Ad. E. Methudy, L. A, Holdenried. 

Aides— Max Rubinstein, M. J. Kred^ll, Geo. T. Kollas, Chas. T. Kollas, H. E. Engel. 



FLOATS. 



North St. Louis Business Men's Assn. 
St. Louis Railway Mail Clerks' Assn. 
The Brewery Industries. 
The Brewery Industries. 
The Brewery Industries. 

Ambulance 



The Brewery Industries. 
The Brewery Industries. 
Schultz Belting Co. 
The John Deere Plow Co. 
Allied Printing Trades Council. 



Diyision No. 8. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Samuel Webb and Louis Frazier, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — J. E. Baker, Clinton Boogher. 
J. Foerstel, E. A. Ellerman, Geo. R. Hutchins, Geo. Texter, A. H. Schr 



FLOATS. 



St. Louis Star. 
Swift & Co. 
Morris Packing Co. 
Armour & Co. 
St. Louis Dressed Beef Co. 



St. Louis Independent Packing Co 
N. K. Fairbanks & Co. 
Nash-Smith Coffee Co. 
J. H. Belz Provision Co. 
Wm. Dernier & Co. 



Division No. 9. 

Band Fifty Pieces — J. A. Nolan and J. J. Schuster, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — E. E. Chapman, W. J. Romer. 

Aides— W. W. Ring, Ed. Bastian. 



FLOATS. 



St. Louis Rowing Club. 
Keystone Roofing Co. 
A. H. Lewis Medicine Co. 
Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co. 
P. G. Stout Adv. Sign Co. 



Stiener Engraving Co. 
A. Brix, Florist. 
Frank Yawitz Tailoring Co. 
St. Louis Bill Posting Co. 
Woods & Downs Box Co. 



Ambulance, Mullen Undertaking Co. 



Division No. 10. 

Band Fifty Pieces — Frank Sizemore and Frank Berry, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — Wm. F. Pashedag, E. M. Woolger. 

Aides — Ben Dupske, Shepard R. Evans. 



FLOATS. 



H. J. Weber & Son Nursery Co. 

Columbia Box Co. 

Stiener Mfg. Co. 

Dr. Wertheimer Medicine Co. 

Bentzen Floral Co. 

American Brake Co. 



McCabe-Powers Carriage Co. 
St. Louis Fuel & Kindling Co. 
Bell Oil Co. 
St. Louis Coffin Co. 
Criterion Laundry Co. 
Dittman Shoe Co. 



112 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Division No. 11. 

Band Fifty Pieces — James Shannon and R. P. Blake, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — J. N, McKelvey, Wm. Armbruster. 

Aides— F. H. Krenning, Wm. Bishoff, F. T. Stewart, E, A. Zott. 

FLOATS. 

1. loth Ward Improvement Association. 7. St. Louis Tent & Awning Co. 

2. loth Ward Improvement Association. 8. Witte Hardware Co. 

3. Union Electric Light Co. 9. The Phospherone Mfg. Co. 

4. Commercial Electrical Supply Co. 10. Wm. H. Redemeyer. 

5. J. G. Haas Soap Co. 11. Whitman Agricultural Co. 

6. Nichols-Ritter Real Estate Co. 12. St. Louis Asphalt Co. 

Division No. 12. 

Band Fifty Pieces — John V. Fehn and F. M. Duncan, Leaders. 

Division Marshals — A. J. Bentzen, Chas. Mlehe. 

Aides — R. G. Meigs, Wm. Boefer. 

FLOATS. 

The Order of KoKoal. b. St. Louis Brass Mfg. Co. 

St. Louis Transfer Co. 7. General Compressed Air & Vacuum Co. 

Kindel Mfg. Co. 8. The Williams Crusher. 

Luedinghaus Wagon Co. 9. O'Brien Boiler Works. 

Crane Company. 10. Heine Safety Boiler Co. 

II. City Health Dept. Ambulance. 

The route of the Industrial Parade, starting at Grand and Lawton avenues, at 9 oVlock 
a. m., was: East on Lawton avenue to zzd street, north on 22d street to Washington avenue, 
east on Washington avenue to Fourth street, south on Fourth street to Locust street, west on 
Locust street to Broadway, south on Broadway to Clark avenue, west on Clark avenue to Seventh 
street, north on Seventh street to Market street, east on Market street to Sixth street, north 
on Sixth street to Olive street, west on Olive street to Ninth street, south on Ninth street to 
Chestnut street, west on Chestnut street to Twelfth street, north on Twelfth street to Franklin 



AFTERNOON 



ON AVIATION FIELD 

Estimates of the number of people who visited Forest Park Thursday 
afternoon ranged from 300,000 upward. The crowds began moving in 
the direction of the park as soon as the Industrial parade downtown was 
concluded. They swarmed into all street cars running to the park. 
Market street and Chouteau avenue cars unloaded countless thousands 
upon the south side of the park. The Suburban, Olive, Page and Taylor 
lines carried other tliousands to the north, the east and the west sides. 
Hour after hour the transportation routes were taxed. 

Three flights were made by Curtiss on Thursday. Two of them were 
very early in the morning. The third was in the dusk of evening. 
At 5 :S4, some time after sunset, the aviator grasped the lever and started 
eastward on the park driveway. He had covered barely 300 feet when 



Industrial Day 113 

the machine left the ground and sailed at a height of twenty-five feet. 
After going about 600 feet Curtiss descended suddenly and received a 
rather severe jolt. He was in the air perhaps fifteen seconds. Something 
happened to the throttle of the engine, shutting off the motive power. The 
increasing darkness prevented another attempt. 

Curtiss arrived on Aviation Field at 2 :4s Thursday afternoon. After examining 
the conditions, he said : "The wind is blowing at least fifteen miles an hour above 
the trees. That is a little lively for an aeroplane over such a field, I can fly in 
that wind and would have no hesitation about doing so but for the trees." At the 
suggestion of Curtiss the gap between the trees flanking the old Plaza of St. Louis 
of the World's Fair was widened. Curtiss thought he would make his start at the 
west end of the field and circle to the right, returning through this gap. 

More than 300 policemen, mounted and on foot, were on the ground to handle 
the throngs. A bluecoat was stationed every fifty feet around Aviation Field. 
Two companies of the First Missouri Infantry assisted. 

Flying from the staff in front of the Aero Club headquarters, three flags — one 
red, one white and one orange-colored — told the assembled thousands that all types 
of modern flying wonders — aeroplanes, airships and wireless dirigible balloons — 
would attempt flights. 

The race between Beachey and Knabenshue was one of the spectacular events 
Thursday on Aviation Field. The two little dirigibles left the ground together at 
5:16 p. m., both of them shooting upward to a height of about fifty feet. Beachey's 
balloon, although of about the same capacity as Knabenshue's, was larger and 
shorter. He managed it skillfully, sailing side by side with Knabenshue until they 
reached Art Hill. There both approached the Art Museum, Beachey from the west 
and Knabenshue from the north. 

After circling about the heads of the people on the slopes, Knabenshue started 
eastward, giving those at the east end of the field their first good view of the craft. 
Beachey turneed to the west and returned to the tents, where for several minutes he 
held his balloon almost stationary directly over the heads of those who were 
gathered below. Coming back to the Aero Club inclosure, Knabenshue made one 
of the prettiest flights of the afternoon and received much applause when he guided 
his ship about twenty-five feet above the club grounds. He landed at S .23 p. m. 
Beachey came down a few seconds later. 

The first aeroplane flight seen west of the Mississippi took place at 6:21 Thursday 
morning. Curtiss arrived on Aviation Field at 5 :4s. The machine was run out 
of the tent and given a trial in preparation for the greater effort to be made in 
the afternoon. 

Keeping close to the grand drive, Curtiss skirted the opening between it and 
the northern fringe of trees. He was twenty feet high as he rounded this stretch 
and emerged into the open plain below. Near the newspaper tents at the DeBali- 
viere avenue entrance he brought the machine down. It dropped gently. Then he 
wheeled it about and ran it on the ground like an automobile for an eighth of a mile, 
gained a fresh start and flew back over the same course to the tent and descended. 
The first flight took forty and the second thirty-five seconds. Both ascents were 
satisfactory. He announced he would make another trial flight at 9:30 a. m. if 
the wind conditions warranted, and was driven to the Dozier home for breakfast. 
Curtiss did not make a flight at 9 .30 a. m. ; the wind had risen. 



114 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

THE PILGRIMAGE TO CAHOKIA 

In the pilgrimage to Cahokia, Archbishop Glennon, Bishop Jansen of 
Belleville, Bishop J. J. Hennessey of Wichita, Kan., and many priests, 
participated. Most of the pilgrims took the old route between St. Louis 
and the ancient settlement, going by way of the ferry at the foot of Sidney 
street. From the landing on the Illinois side, the journey of a mile and 
a half was made in a variety of conveyances. 

The old church was decorated. On a platform were seated the dis- 
tinguished visitors, together with the committee, Rev. Fathers Wm. E. 
Randall, John Schlereth, C. M. and A. V. GarthoefTner. The exercises 
included an address by Archbishop Glennon, and historical papers by the 
Rev. William H. Fanning, S. J., the Rev. F. V. Nugent, C. M., and an 
address by Patrick F. Cook. Music was rendered by the Knights of 
Columbus Choral Club. Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament was given 
in the new church. The celebration lasted far into the evening. 

Archbishop Glennon expressed the gratification of the diocese in the 
opportunity afiforded to see the earliest beginning of the Catholic Church 
in the West. To these early Christian pioneers in their initial planting 
of the Church and their pious preservation of its ideals, he gave credit. 
He expressed the wish that the sacred pages of history recalled by this 
ceremony would be an inspiration for the founding of a Catholic histori- 
cal society. 

Cahokia was one of the first of the five posts founded by the French 
in the beginning of the Eighteenth Century. An interesting account of 
the Church and of the old village was related by Mr, Cook in his address. 



NIGHT 



THE MOST AMERICAN CITY 

Blending of the population of St. Louis began early. Creation of the 
typical American has been progressive through the generations since "the 
first thirty" landed. In the first thirty were those who had come from 
New Orleans with the expedition, a few from Ste. Genevieve, several 
from Fort Chartres and vicinity. As he passed through Cahokia on his 
way by the wagon road to join Auguste Chouteau on the site, Laclede 
was joined by several families. 

Gallic strains most virile entered into the earliest blending to populate 
St. Louis. Laclede was of noble family, but of hardy, vigorous stock, 
developed in the valleys of the Pyrenees. The first thirty were "mechanics 
of all trades." They dragged their boat up the Mississippi and began 



Industrial Day 115 

the building of St. Louis in the middle of February. What better proof 
of their physical qualities could be given ? 

As early as its first year, 1764, St. Louis was a converging point of migration 
seeking permanent homes. Generations of these pioneer people in America had 
softened the speech, had added to the vocabulary, had supplemented the customs. 
While branches of these families, at home in France, were thinking the way to 
republican theories, the American offshoots were breathing free air and practicing 
liberty by instinct. There was nothing of degeneracy, physical or mental, in the 
first families that settled St. Louis. 

"Most American of cities," St. Louis was pronounced by an observant traveler 
recently. Three decades, from 1870 to 1900, constitute a period of rapid assimila- 
tion of the contributions by countries and States to the population of St. Louis. 
In 1900 the American-born residents of St. Louis numbered 463,888. The foreign- 
born population of St, Louis in 1900 was 111,356, a few hundreds less than the 
foreign-born in 1870. St. Louis had Americanized with great rapidity. The growth 
of the city in thirty years was of American birth. Germany led in 1900 as in 1870. 
The Germany-born dwellers in St. Louis in 1900 was 58,781, which was an apparent 
increase of 8,000 over 1870. The Ireland-born were 19,420, a falling off of 13,000. 
The loss has been made up from other sources. Russia, as a place of nativity, was 
hardly known in the population of St. Louis in 1870. The Russia-born were 4,785 
in igoo. The England-born increased 500, the Canada-born 1,300, Austria-born 1,800. 
The Polanders formed a new element in the foreign-born population, numbering 
nearly 3,000 in 1900. Very few natives of Switzerland were included in the popu- 
lation of St. Louis in 1870. In 1900 there were 2,752 Switzerland-born. Another 
country with a much stronger representation, in 1900, was Sweden. The natives 
of Sweden, were 1.116. The St. Louis population of 1900 included natives of Africa, 
the Atlantic Islands, Australia, the Pacific Islands, Central America, India, Finland, 
as well as the better known foreign lands. 



THE BALL OF ALL NATIONS 

Early Thursday evening Ensign Logan marched a detachment of 
forty-eight sailors from the torpedo-boat flotilla into the Coliseum and 
was met with round after round of applause. He marched them twice 
around the hall with Chief Machinist Knight leading the column, then 
turned them into company front at the lower end of the hall and called 
for three cheers for St. Louis, three more for the ball and a final trio for 
Charles F. Wenneker, chairman of the day and night. 

When the ball was opened to the audience the sailors came down from 
the boxes that had been assigned to them and joined in the dance. A 
waltz opened the programme and during the first number the sailors 
shyly danced with each other, but soon barriers were broken and before 
the next dance the sailors had mustered up enough courage to ask some 
of the girls to dance. From then on any girl who desired to dance had 
the United States navy at her disposal. 



IIG St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

A brilliant crowd filled the boxes and balconies. The friends of the 
dancers of the various societies and organizations represented on the 
programme were out in numbers, arriving early. The visiting Mayors, 
members of the Million Population Club, the Centennial Association and 
other organizations prominent in the Centennial celebration, were well 
represented in the boxes and first balcony, and on the floor after the 
national dances were concluded. 

Of the 5,000 people present, fully two-thirds had gathered before the 
grand promenade opened the evening's entertainment at 9 o'clock. It 
was an enthusiastic audience, and each of the various folk dances was 
roundly applauded ; the long programme precluded encores. 

The Ball of All Nations opened with a concert. Then followed the national 
dances in costume ; after these came general dancing. 

PART I. 

CONCERT PROGRAM. 

1. Overture, "Rienzi" Wagner 

2. Tone Pictures of the North and South Bendix 

Grand Entry of Officers and Men of the U. S. Navy Flotilla. 

3. (fl) Serenade Moszkowski 

(fr) "Whispering Flowers" Von Blon 

4. Selection, "The Primadonna" Herbert 

PART II. 
PARADE OF ALL NATIONS— NATIONAL DANCES. 

1. Schuhplattler St. Louis Bavarian-Verein 

2. Mazurka Polish National Alliance 

3. Lauterbach St. Louis Schwabenverein 

4. Vafa Vadnal (Weavers' Dance) Swedish Linea Society 

5. Bam Dance The Latest Yankee Craze 

6. Scottish Dances Scottish Societies of St. Louis 

7. Beseda St. Louis Bohemian Gymnastic Society 

8. Czardas Hungarian Workingmen's Sick Benefit and Educational Confederation 

9. Indian Dance Staged by Prof. Dick Richards 

GENERAL DANCES. 

1. Two-step, "Babes in Toyland" Herbert 

2. Waltz, "Wedding of the Winds" Hall 

3. Two-step, "Minerva" Chiaparelli 

4. Waltz, "Sweet Maidens" Rheinhardt 

5. Bam Dance, "Three Twins" Hoschna 

6. Waltz, "Jolly Vienna" Komzak 

7. Two-step, "La Sorella" Borel-Clerc 

8. Waltz, "Grubenlichter" Zeller 

9. Two-step, "Harrigan" Cohan 

10. Waltz, "Skaters" Waldteufel 

1 1. Two-step, "Tammany" Von Tilzer 

12. Waltz, "Gold and Silver" lehar 

13. Two-step, "I'm Afraid to Go Home in the Dark" \'an Alstyne 

14. Waltz, "Blue Danube" Strauss 

Home, Sweet Home. 

The Grand March was led by Chairman Wenneker and Vice-Chairman Gaiennie. 
They were followed by the Reception Committee, all in evening dress, then came 
the participants in the national dances. 



Industrial Day 117 

The first division consisted of twenty-eight couples of the St. Louis Bavarian 
Verein headed by Frank Viemal and lady. The Bavarians wore their national 
costumes, the ladies with short skirts, white waists, white stockings and low-cut 
bodices, and the men with knee trousers and the short waistcoats and white shirts 
of their country. 

Next came the Polish representatives, resplendent in the elegant costumes of 
their country. Both the peasantry and the nobility were portrayed in dress, that 
of the peasants not unlike the apparel of the Bavarians. The garments of the 
nobility, however, were the most gorgeous of the entire assemblage. The ladies 
wore long skirts trimmed with fur, and long square-cut box coats fringed with 
ermine. The men had hussars' boots with spurs, fur-trimmed trousers and great 
coats of gorgeous material and bold design. 

The Swabians, in characteristic costume, followed. The ladies' dresses were like 
those of the Bavarians. The men wore bright butternut trousers, scarlet waist- 
coats and great hats turned up rakishly on one side. The Swabians were marshaled 
by William Seeger ; there were twenty-two couples of them. 

The Swedish Linea Society, led by Nels Grant, came next. The six ladies wore 
pretty peasant costumes and white hats, and the men were clad in butternut 
trousers, dark red waist-coats and white shirts ; they wore boots and black hats. 

The Scottish Society of St. Louis was represented by twelve men wearing the 
tartan and carrying pipes. W. W. Maclntyre marshaled them, with Andrew Cowle 
as pipe major. 

The Highlanders were followed by the St. Louis Bohemian Gymnastic Society's 
representatives, consisting of sixteen couples, marshaled by A. J. Cyka. A little 
girl clad in white and carrying a small flag headed the column. The Bohemians, 
in their pretty and elaborate native garments, formed one of the most attractive 
groups. They were followed by sixteen couples of Hungarians, marshaled by 
Nicholas Sebenico. The Hungarians wore long, flowing robes, the garments of 
the men distinguished from those of the women by the increased length of skirts 
and breadth of sleeves. 

The national dances were given by natives or descendants of natives of the 
countries represented. The Bavarian dance and the Polish dance took place on 
the platform from which the lecture had been given the night previously. The 
other national dances were given in the center of the hall, which brought the dancers 
within closer view of the S,ooo lookers-on. The weavers' dance by the Swedish 
Linea Society included the graceful movement of little Miss Laura Grant, twelve 
years old, who carried the Swedish flag. As the dance progressed, the little girl 
darting between the lines suggested the movement of the weaver's shuttle. 

Enthusiastic applause greeted the Scottish dance and the bagpipe music. The 
sword dance was done by three of the Scots on the floor at one time. A pretty 
little girl, Alice Mclnery, assisted, giving the Highland fling. 

The Reception and Floor Committees for the Ball of All Nations were as 
follows : 

RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 

D. Markham, Vice-Chairman. 

Geo. Dyer. 

B. F. Edwards. 

C. Ehlermann. 
A. Ellerbrock. 
F. Essen. 
F. W. Evers. 



Chas. F. 


Wenneker, Ciiairman. 


Geo. D. J 




James H. Sn 


lith. Vice-chairman. 


L. P. Aloe. 


R. Bartholdt. 


C. F. Busche. 


Louis Alt, 


A. H. Busch. 


F. E. Craener. 


G. W. Brown. 


G. V. Brecht. 


A. B. Cole. 


A. D. Brown. 


G. Boehmer. 


H. A. Diamant. 


A. A. Busch. 


B. E. Bradley. 


J. Delabar. 


O. Buder. 


Wm. F. Brumby. 


H. Deitz. 



118 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



RECEPTION COMMITTEE— Continued. 



P. Elliot. 

D. R. Francis. 
A. Frank. 

T. Faust. 

A. H. Frederick. 

B. W. Freuenthal. 

F. Freund. 

H. E. Funsten, Jr. 
J. A. Fischer. 
O. P. Fischer. 

E. Fried. 

P. J. Fitzgerald. 
J. B. Farmer. 

E. B. Filsinger. 
Wm. Grafeman. 
H. J. Gerretzson. 
V. J. Gorly. 

S. Goldman. 
H. J. Gundlach. 
H. N. Geller. 

C. H. Huttig. 
L. F. Hay. 

L. H. Haase. 
J. Hagerman, Jr. 
C. G. Haselhorst. 
C. W. Holtcamp. 

G. H. Hollrah. 

R. Heinrichshoefer. 

F. Herkert. 
T. A. Hause. 



G. Hoffmann. 

E. B. Heller. 

L. A. Holdenried. 

J. H. Hewitt. 

Wm. J. Hanley. 

M. Hanick. 

T. Hennings. 

R. L. Hughes. 

A. Von Hoffman. 

J. W. Jump. 

C. P. Johnson. 

Geo. S. Johns. 

Wm. Jaeger. 

T. D. Kalbfell. 

R. C. Kerens. 

Hon. F. H. Kreismann. 

S. Kehrmann. 

Capt. Hy. King. 

S. P. Kenel. 

E. G. Lewis. 

C. R. Lupton. 

Dr. L. E. Lehmberg. 
Martin Lammert. 
G. T. Laage. 
Wm. J. Lemp. 
M. R. Loeb. 
Dr. H. Marks. 
O. Miller. 
E. Michael. 

D. J. McAuliffe. 



F. W. Mott. 

F. H. A. Meyer. 

B. Miller. 

E. C. Melsheimer. 

C. Marschuetz. 
J. Mesker. 

P. J. McAIimey, 

J. T. McClain. 

J. P. McDonough. 

Jno. McCarthy. 

H. O. Nouss. 

B. Notzon. 

J. B. O'Meara. 

H. W. Peters. 

E. L. Preetorius. 

Dr. S. A. Peake. 

Louis Ploeser. 

E. L. Puller. 

Wm. F. Paschedag. 

J. Pensa. 

A. G. Peterson. 

J. C. Roberts. 

H. G. Rolfes. 

Wm. M. Reedy. 

G. W. Reichmann. 
N. Rosenthaler. 
Ed. Rosenkranz. 

J. E. Smith. 
L. Schmidt. 
Wm. C. Schutz. 



A. C. Sellner. 
Wm. C. Steigers. 
C. M. Selph, 

0. Sontag. 

1. H. Sawyer. 
O. F. Stifel. 
T. E. Stocker. 
C. A. Stix. 

J. A. J. Shultz. 
G. H. Schelp. 
C. P. Strother. 

F. M. Switzer, 
P. G. Stout. 
R. D. Smith. 
H. C. Spore. 
H. J. Smith. 
L. Saunders. 
Wm. F. Stubinger. 
Wm. T. Thomson. 
J. Temple. 

E. H. Wenneker. 
H. K. Wagner. 
Wm. F. Woemer. 
C. P. Walbridge. 
J. E. Wright. 
C. F. Blanke, 
O. F. Karbe. 

G. L. Heil. 

L. Blankenauer. 



FLOOR COMMITTEE. 



Saunders Norvell 

J. Alfeld. 
J. M. Adams. 
J. A. Alcorn. 
H. J. Rube. 
Ed. Bauman. 
J. Buse. 
N. Bentz. 
A. Burger. 
Wm. Brunswick. 
A. H. Bruer. 
Wm. F. Bentzer. 
W. H. Boehmer. 
J. A. Bardenheier. 
G. Blumenstock. 
O. Bollman. 
C. F. Blanke. 
G. L. Crawford. 
O. G. Chapman. 
G. B. Compton. 
M. R. Cramer. 
Chas. M. Cassidy. 
M. Courtney, Jr. 
F. L. Deck. 
J. C. Darst. 
Waller Edwards. 
•E. B. Fauber. 



Chairman. 

Frank Gaiennie, 
J. H. Frye, Jr. 
John Gerst. 
O. J. Gossrau. 
A. J. Guerdan. 
S. Gross. 

F. A. Gissler. 
D. A. Hill. 
Aug. Hoffman. 

G. L. Heil. 
H. Hockel. 
J. J. Kelley. 
G. J. Kerner. 
F. Krenning. 

H. C. Kralemann. 

O. F. Karbe. 

F. X. Lederle. 

Mortimer Levy. 

Wm. C. F. Lenz. 

Wm. H. Ledbetter. 

Ed. Logan. 

F. A. Laud. 

Q. A. Lockwood. 

L. Maune. 

S. F. Myerson. 

W. A. Moellman. 

H. N. Moore. 



Sam D. Capen, Vice-Chairman. 



Vice-chairman. 
J. Nix. 

H. C. Ostertag. 
Ed. Rosenkranz. 
Ben Reigert. 
David L. Remley. 
O. G. Rode. 
G. R. Roth. 
Henry Rohde. 
John Schweitzer, Jr. 
Wm. Strunk. 
Wm. F. Story. 
W. A. Gruenzberger, 
J. Solarl. 
D. Sabini. 
A. R. Schultz. 
Wm. F. Schneeweiss. 
A. R. SchoUmeyer. 
R. E. Sisson. 
C. Schulze. 
H. G. Schmitt. 
H. Sayers. 
H. J. Stolle. 
J. Sartorius. 
A. Schmidt. 
F. Seltzer. 
Wm. Schmidt. 



G. J. Textor. 
W. H. Tate. 
Geo. Whippermann. 
Ben Westhus. 
J. L. Wees. 
O. J. Weber. 
C, H. Witthoefft. 
J. Wurzberger. 
H. Wandell. 
M. P. White. 
A. H. Wenneker. 
Frank A. Witte. 
Frank Yawitz. 
N. P. Zimmer. 
J. D. Maloney. 
Dick Richards. 
Chas. Kohler. 
Chas. A. Honig. 
Frank Conrad. 
O. Bickel. 
M. T. Brown. 
A. Delabar. 
H. F. Herbst. 
H. F. Miller. 
J. H. Suntrop. 



EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORICAL DAY 



Friday, October 8th 

EVExXTS THAT WERE CELEBRATED 

Momentous were the days of June, 1808, in St. Louis. Two papers 
for signatures were passed from hand to hand along the Rue Principal. 
One was the petition to the court asking for incorporation of St. Louis. 
The other paper invited subscribers to the first newspaper west of the 
Mississippi. Joseph Charless had arrived by keelboat from the Ohio, 
bringing information that the first printing press to be set up west of the 
Mississippi was on the way from Pennsylvania. In the north room of the 
old Robidoux house of posts, Jacob Hinkle was unpacking the type 
brought from Louisville. As he went about, making acquaintances, Joseph 
Charless handed the people a neatly printed slip, with blank space below 
for signatures and addresses — the "Prospectus" of this first St. Louis 
newspaper. 

The subscription to the first newspaper was more popular than the 
petition for incorporation of the community, if numbers of signers be 
considered. Those desiring incorporation and signing to that effect were 
eighty. Col. Charless obtained one hundred and seventy-five subscribers 
before he issued the first number of the Gazette. 

On the 1 2th of July, 1808, the editor lifted carefully from the old 
hand press a dampened piece of paper only so large as a sheet of foolscap, 
and held up a printed page. Such was the beginning of journalism in 
St. Louis. 

In a room on Market street, near Second, George Tompkins opened the first 
English school. He was a young Virginian, coming to St. Louis in 1808. His 
journey exhausted his resources. The school was planned to make the living while 
Mr. Tompkins studied law. In time Mr. Tompkins became Chief Justice Tompkins, 
of the Supreme Court of Missouri. While he was teaching school he organized a 
debating society, which held open meetings and afforded a great deal of entertain- 
ment to visitors. The members and active participants included Bates, Barton, 
Lowry, Farrar, O'Fallon, and most of the young Americans who were establishing 
themselves in the professions. 

"The most trifling settlement will contrive to have a schoolmaster who can teach 
reading, writing and some arithmetic," a traveler, in the Louisiana Purchase wrote 
from St. Louis in 1811. The next year the Missouri Territory came into political 
existence with this declaration adopted by the territorial body which met in St. 
Louis. 

Religion and morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness 
of mankind, schools and the means of education shall be encouraged and provided from the 
public lands of the United States in the said territory in such manner as Congress may deem 
expedient. 



120 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Thomas Fiveash Riddick was an enthusiast. When Third street was the hmit 
of settlement he told people St. Louis would some day have a million of population. 
Thereat, the habitants smiled. Riddick's enthusiasm prompted him to works. 
Coming from Virginia, a young man just past his majority, he was made clerk of 
the Land Claims Commission in 1806. His duties revealed to him lots and strips 
and blocks of ground in various shapes, which nobody owned. Instead of capitaliz- 
ing his information, forming a syndicate and acquiring these pieces of real estate, 
Riddick was true to his inheritance. That was a high sense of public duty. The 
Riddicks of Nansemond County for generations, through the Colonial period, 
through the Revolutionary years, through Virginia's early statehood, had been 
patriots who made laws or fought in war, as the conditions demanded. Pro bono 
publico might have been the family motto. Thomas Fiveash Riddick was true to 
the strain. He started the agitation to have all of this unclaimed land in the suburbs 
of St. Louis "reserved for the support of schools." 

The situation called for more than mere suggestion. Speculators already had 
their plans to buy these scattered lands at public sale. That generation was too busy 
taking care of itself to give serious consideration to the next. Quietly Riddick got 
together the data, mounted his horse and, in winter, rode away to Washington. 
Before Edward Hempstead, the delegate for Missouri in Congress, Riddick laid the 
proposition. Hempstead was Connecticut born and educated. He took up Riddick's 
idea and coupled it with a general bill to confirm titles to portions of the common 
fields and commons, in accordance with rights established by residence or cultivation 
before 1803. And he added a section that the lands "not rightfully owned by any 
private individual, or held as commons," shall be "reserved for the support of 
schools." Riddick remained in Washington until assured that this measure would 
pass. Then he mounted his horse and rode back to St. Louis. All of this he did 
of his own motion, and at his own expense. "Riddick's ride" merits honorable 
mention in the century of the public schools of St. Louis. 

The arrival of the first overland mail made the loth of October, 1858, a notable 
day for St. Louis. When the Missouri Pacific train steamed into the Seventh street 
station, there was great cheering from the assembled crowd. John Butterfield 
stepped from a car. He was overwhelmed with congratulations. The Honorable 
John F. Darby delivered an address of welcome. Butterfield responded. The mail 
was escorted to the postoffice on Third and Olive streets and with ceremony delivered 
to the postmaster. It had come through from San Francisco in twenty-four days, 
twenty hours and thirty-five minutes, a great achievement for that period. Previously 
the mail service between the Pacific coast and the States had been by way of the 
Isthmus of Panama. Shorter time was demanded. The Government established 
the overland mail, with Butterfield as agent. 



MORNING 



THE EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORICAL PARADE 

Not many of those who viewed the Historical and Educational Parade 
knew that the central figure on one of the floats was Auguste Chouteau, 
the lineal descendant of the Auguste Chouteau, who was trusted by 
Laclede to command "the first thirty" sent in advance for the preparation 
of the site of the city, February, 1764. 



Educational and Historical Day 181 

Augnste Chouteau of this generation was seventeen years of age. 
His progenitor, when trusted with the important commission by Laclede, 
was thirteen years of age. The float upon which Auguste Chouteau rode 
in the parade represented the landing of "the first thirty" and the occupa- 
tion of the site at Main and Walnut streets. 

At the head of the Historical Division rode Pierre Chouteau, the 
lineal descendant of Pierre Laclede. 

Upon the float illustrating the incorporation of St. Louis in 1809 the 
characters impersonated were the first trustees, Auguste Chouteau, Chair- 
man ; Edward Hempstead, John Pierre Cabanne, William C. Carr and 
William Christy, together with David Delanney. The group upon the 
incorporation float was made up largely of descendants or family connec- 
tions of the original trustees or members of the group approving the 
incorporation. William P. Kennett, Jr., represented Edward Hempstead. 
J. Charless Cabanne posed as his grandfather, John Pierre Cabanne. 
William C. Carr was represented by his youngest son, Robert S. Carr, now 
more than 70. William Christy Bryan appeared as William Christy. 

On this float, also, was Lilburn G. McNair, grandson of Alexander 
McNair, Missouri's first Governor. Great-grandsons and grand-nephews 
of Jean Baptiste Ortes, third signer of the incorporation petition, were 
present in the persons of Julian and Raymond Philibert and James McKim. 
Others participating as auditors of the momentous proceeding were 
Wilson P. Guion and W. J. Pourcelly, descendants of St. Louis' earliest 
citizens. 

A figure that attracted attention along the entire line of march was 
that of the Jesuit missionary, Jacques Marquette. A young divinity 
student of St. Louis University filled this role. His costume was true 
to the period depicted. 

Credit for the correct detail of the historical floats was due the 
committee, headed by Judge Walter B. Douglas, which supervised their 
construction. Others of the committee who aided actively in the prepara- 
tion of the pageant were Pierre Chouteau, Professor William Carr Dyer, 
a descendant of William C. Carr ; the Reverend John P. Frieden, president 
of St. Louis University; the Reverend William H. Fanning, of the same 
institution, and Professor Roland G. Usher, of Washington University. 

The members of the Educational Committee having charge of the day and of the 
parade were : 

Henry C. Garneau, Chairman. James M. Haley, Secretary. 

Rev. John P. Frieden, S. J. Walter B. Douglas, 

Prof. C. M. Woodward, Eugene Harms, 

Rev. John F. Baltzer. 

One of the most conspicuous and admired features of the Educational and 

Historical parade was the escort of 164 mounted men from the National Stock 



122 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Yards. Mayor Silas Cook, of East St. Louis, was among the number. James H. 
Campbell rode at the head of the horsemen, who were in uniform, having gray- 
hats, black riding coats, white trousers and yellow gauntlets. 

General John W. Noble rode at the head of the first division of aides. The 
military division proper, led by regulars from Jefferson Barracks, and jackies from 
the torpedo flotilla, in command of Lieutenant Mitchell, was directed by Brigadier 
General John A. Kress, U. S. A. 

The United States troops were garbed in field khaki and marched with a swing 
that aroused the sight-seers to prolonged cheers. Governor Hadley and his staflf, 
all mounted, were preceded by the First Regiment Band. The Governor rode a 
spirited horse and was liberally applauded. Captain Paul C. Hum, State Quarter- 
master, acted as the Governor's personal aid. 

After the Governor marched the First Regiment, in regulation blue, with Battery 
A, equipped for field service, the Missouri Naval Reserves following in the order 
named. 

The Industrial School Band, with its mite of a leader, came up at this moment 
and again this well-trained organization received the cheers of the throng. Colonel 
Spencer had directed that the little musicians should leave the parade in the Court 
of Honor, so as to supply musicians for those few sections without bands. 

The High School brigades followed the Industrial Band. Central High was 
first, McKinley came next, Yeatman third and Soldan fourth. All of the boys wore 
immaculate white shirts, but their white hats were shaped differently. The Central 
High boys carried canes across their shoulders. 

The McKinley lads made a hit with Mayor Kreismann as they passed the 
reviewing stand shouting "Who's all right ? Kreismann ! He is. He is. He is all 
right !" 

The Sumner Negro High School closed the public school division. The youths 
made an excellent showing and were given their share of applause. 

Then came a quartet of Mexican War veterans. The old warriors were cheered 
to the echo, as were representatives of various G. A. R. Posts, cadets from the Blees 
Military Academy, Confederate Veterans, Spanish War veterans. Naval veterans and 
Philippine veterans, all but the cadets occupying carriages. 

St. Louis University furnished the banner turnout of the Educational division. 
There were 1,043 students from the Grand Avenue Jesuit institution in line, including 
"medics." "dents," "scientifics," "divines" and "academics." 

Christian Brothers' College folowed their old athletic rivals. A wee pickaninny, 
marching proudly beside the band leader, caused a general laugh. Tony Brinker, 
drum major of the Industrial School Band, ran out to the ragged little negro and 
gave him his baton. A minute later Tony changed his mind and ran back to get 
his stick. 

Washington University followed Christian Brothers' College. The students of 
each school gave their college yells as they marched through the Court of Honor 
and saluted the Mayor and others in the reviewing stands. 

Father Dunne's Newsboy Band marched ahead of Smith Academy. As usual, the 
Red and White boys made a natty appearance. Manual Training School was next, 
followed by students from Concordia Seminary. Walther and Eden Colleges. Rep- 
resentatives of the three latter schools wore Kit Carson caps. 



Educational and Historical Day 123 

Mounted Spanish officers of the Seventeenth Century type led the historical 
division. The Knights of Columbus Zouaves, well-drilled and spry steppers, marched 
in front of the first float, which represented the exploration of the Mississippi by 
Joliet and Marquette. 

Then came a detachment of Red Coats, in British square formation, followed by 
Indians. Suspended from the rear of the founding-of-St. Louis float, next in line, 
was the new flag of St. Louis, epitomizing Spanish, French and American domina- 
tion. 

The third float depicted the coming of the Spaniards ; the fourth, the transfer to 
the United States; the fifth, the return of Lewis and Clark; sixth, The Missouri 
Gazette, the first newspaper office; seventh, the incorporation of St. Louis. 

Each float was cheered along the route. The crude print-shop of a century ago 
attracted much attention. From it were distributed many thousands of facsimile 
copies of the Gazette, October 4, 1809. Joseph Charless and Jacob Hinkle, the 
characters in historic costume on the float, were represented by C. W. Satterfield 
and Jesse E. Chapler, respectively, both employes of The Re[>ublic, in its composing 
room. The representation of Charless, made up from an oil painting in the 
possession of The Republic, was particularly faithful. To the oddly arranged hair 
and ruffled shirt and the 1808 costume in general, the details were perfect. 

Jacob Hinkle, who set the type for the first issue, was impersonated by Jesse E. 
Chapler. All idea of Hinkle's personal appearance has long since vanished, but 
Mr. Chapler was garbed in a costume such as Hinkle must have worn in the old 
log cabin that July day when The Gazette was started. 

The souvenir papers distributed from the float during the parade were composed 
by Mr. Chapler. The reproduction of the old issue was faithful to the last degree, 
Mr. Chapler, in his work, inverting letters, breaking them in two, chipping commas 
and halving certain characters in order that the facsimiles put out might be exact 
reproductions. 

The fourth and final division of the parade was made up of post office employes, 
led by Postmaster Akins, in Sheriff Louis Nolte's automobile. Six hundred letter 
carriers and an almost equal number of post office clerks were in line. They made 
a trim appearance. 

After the parade had passed, fire drills were given by crews from Engine 
Companies Nos. 12 and 41, and Truck No. 6. The well-trained horses, as well as 
fire-fighters, received round after round of applause. 

The Historical Committee began its planning even before the organization of 
the Centennial Association. Its chairman was active in the movement for appro- 
propriate observance of the anniversary. The invaluable resources of the Missouri 
Historical Society were placed at the service of the Centennial officials. Members 
of the Historical Committee were : 

Walter B. Douglas, Chairman. Miss Idress Head, Secretary. 

Rev. Wm. H. Fanning, Theophile Papin, Jr., Charles Branch, Paul Bakewell, 

Pierre Chouteau, Malcolm Macbeth, James. A. Waterworth, George M. Block, 

Prof. Roland G. Usher, Arthur B. Barret, Chas. F. Vogel, Dr. Wm. H. Hardaway, 

Prof. Wm. Carr Dyer. John H. Gundlach, Shepard Barclay, Gustav Kramer, 

Rev. L. J. Keeney, Judge Wm. M. Kinsey, Peter Herzog, Jacob Klein, 

Wm. C. Breckenridge, Wm. Vincent Byars, LUburn G. McNair, Edw. C. Kehr, 

James A. Reardon, James Y. Player. Ashley Cabell, Benj. Altheimer. 

Lee Sale, Julian K. Glasgow, Edward E. Guion, 



124 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



ORDER OF EDUCATIONAL AND HISTORICAL PARADE 

I. Platoon of Mounted Police under command of Captain Martin O'Brien. 
II. Grand Marshal, Col. E. J. Spencer, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Chief of Staflf, Lieut.-Col. N. G. Edwards, First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Adjutant-General, Capt. W. W. Hoxton, Adjutant First Infantry, N. G. M. 
Chief of Aides, Maj. John B. O'Meara, Paymaster, N. G. M. 

AIDES. 

Lieut.-Col. Allen C. Orrick, Adjutant-General, N. G. M. 

Maj. Harry E. Ferrel, Surgeon, First Infantry, N. G. M. 

Maj. Stephen E. Lowe, Engineer Officer, N. G. M. 

Maj. Henry F. Droste, Judge Advocate, N. G. M. 

Capt. Arthur C. Kimball, Assistant Surgeon, First Infantry, N. G. M. 

Lieut. George T. Desloge, First Infantry, N. G. M. 

James M. Haley, Secretary Educational Historical and Military Committee. 

H. B. Smellie, from St. Louis Public High Schools. 

J. Mullanphy Gates, from St. Louis University Division. 

Dr. M. B. Clopton, from Washington University Division. 

Prof. Eugene Harms, from Walther College and Concordia Seminary. 



Mr. John H. Gundlach, 
Mr. Tom Francis, 
Mr. E. M. Flesh, 
Mr. C. H. Langenberg. 
Mr. B. H. Lang, 
Mr. Henry Greve, 
Mr. E. C. Dyer, 
Mr. S. P. Jordan, 
Mr. T. B. Teasdale, 
Mr. A. H. Norris, 
Mr. W. A. Miller, 
Mr. J. W. Gibson, 
Mr. Harry Turner, 
Mr. R. K. Kauffman, 
Mr. Louis Klaubassa, 
Mr. Val Vogel, 
Mr. L. G. Johnston, 
Mr. Thomas Dunn, 
Mr. George J. Hess, 
Mr. L. B. Woodward, 
Mr. James Nugent, 
Mr. Geo. F. Martin, 
Mr. S. M. Johnson, 
Mr. F. C. Barkman, 
Harry G. Holden, 
August Court, 
Washington Adams, 
Lloyd L. Adams, 
W. P. Brooks, 
John Q. Day, 
John C. Vaughan, 
J. R. Williams, Jr., 
Otto F. Stifcl, 
J. A. Buse, 
Allen Baker, 



M: 



M 



M: 



M 



M: 



AIDES. 

M. D. Prince, 
Adam Wiest, 
Joseph Bauer, 
W. F. Dougherty, 
Ellsworth Bauman, 
E. L. Skinner, 
Douglas Bradley, 
William Ewing, 
S. T. Bi.xby, 
Eugene Pettus, 
Eugene Williams, 
Mr. Harry Potter, 
Mr. Francis A. Morris, 
Mr. E. J. H. Bennett, 
Mr. Milton Hellman, 
Mr. R. A. Sellery, 
Mr. W. L. Hoagland, Jr, 
Mr. Lloyd P. Wells, 
Mr. W. G. McRee, Jr., 
Mr. C. E. Bascom, 
Mr. Talton T. Francis, 
Mr. C. C. Nicholls, 
Mr. Albert T. Terry, 
Mr. Henry R. Weissels, 
Mr. F. E. Miller, 
Mr. C. C. Crone, 
Mr. Louis Boeger, 
Mr. L. C. Ebellng, 
Mr. George L. Sams, 
Mr. Peter Young, 
Mr. J. F. O. Reller, 
Mr. H. B. Piatt, 
Mr. F. E. Miller, 
Mr. M. Rubenstein, 
Mr. E. F. EUerman, 



Mr. H. W. Weisheyer, 
Mr. J. C. Strauss, 
Mr. E. K. Ludington, 
Mr. J. L. Bemis, 
Mr.P. Von Wiedelstaedt, 
Hon. Hiram Lloyd, 
Col. James G. Butler, 
Col. G. O. Carpenter, 
Col. C. P. Walbridge, 
Col. C. D. Comfort, 
Col. Edwin Batdorf, 
Col. C. A. Sinclair, 
Col. F. J. McKenna, 
Col. Robert Buchanan, 
Col. W. P. Hazzard, 
Col. C. W. Holtcamp, 
Col. Taylor Stith, 
Major R. C. Atkinson, 
Major A. Q. Kcnnett, 
Major A. C. Robinson, 
Major H. C. Mudd, 
Major L. M. Rumsey, 
Major Wm. H. Cocke, 
Col. Moses C. Wetmore, 
Col. E. D. Meier, 
Gen. John W. Noble, 
Col. B. P. Taafe, 
Col. Leland F. Prince, 
Major Henry Ames, 
Major W. A. McCandless 
Major J. H. Leslie, 
Major C. H. Di.xon, 
Captain H. Rumsey, 
Major A. A. Marquardt, 
Mr. Van Leer Wills. 



Educational and Historical Day 



135 



III. Four-horse tally-ho with Carter's Brass Band. 

Special Mounted Escort. 

Capt. James H. Campbell, Commanding. 

First Lieut. John A. Campbell. 

Second Lieut. Harry Gillen. 

And the St. Louis National Stockyards Equestrian Club. 



Frank Adams, 
Jolm Adams, 

E. Atterbury, 

F. G. Bareis, 
Harry Berliner, 
J. W. Bibb, 

S. W. Bickle, 
Frank Birkhead, 
T. S. Boothe, 
Wm. Boyd, 
L. F. Brainard, 
M. A. Bright, 
C. E. Browning, 
Wm. Burris, 
Wm. Coddington, 
C. W. Callison, 
Wm. Cranston, 
J. A. Campbell, 
J. H. Campbell, 
R. L. Carter, 

A. W. Cassidy, 
Wm. Castle, 

C. B. Caudle, 

E. C. Chambers. 
Jas. Chesney, 
Ed. Conway, 

R. E. Conway, 
Wra. Coffey, 
Owen Cunningham, 
T. W. Crouch, 
Jerry Daily, 
J. T. Daniels, 

F. L. Damelle, 
F. F. Davis, 
Pope Dimmit, 
O. L. Draggon, 
J. H. 'Edwards, 
Bedford, Estes, 

B. H. Fennewald, 
J. J. Faulkner, 



Frank Fry, 
Wm. Fletcher, 
W. E. Gant, 
A. G. Godair, 

E. C. Gibson, 
H. Gillen, 

W. W. Gillen, 

F. O. Gregg. 
P. M. Gross, 
Charley Hanna, 
C. C. Harlin, 
Al Harper, 
Lon Harper, 
Jas. S. Harrison, 
Louis Heiman, 
Adolph Heiman, 
J. L. Henry, 

W. R. Hensley, 

T. H. Holland, 

Henry Horton, 

Ike Howard, 

Frank Huffaker, 

L. D. Hulen, 

S. H. Hunter, 

J. W. F. Hutchings, 

C. T. Jones, 

W. H. Keys, 

Al Keechler, 

Wm. Keely, 

T. G. Landers, 

W. A. Long, 

W. C. Mackey. 

G. S. Maddox, 
Arthur Maher, 
Joseph Maher, 
Frank Maxwell, 
George Maxwell, 
John Maxwell, 
Wm. S. McBride, 
C. A. McCormick, 



Chas. McGilton, 
A. K. Miller, 
G. B. Mills, 
A. J. Milton, 
W. A. Moody, 
Ashby Nichol, 
Frank Nugent, 
Jas. Nugent, 
Joe Nugent, 
George Nugent, 
M. Newberger, 
E. E. Overstreet, 
M. Parish, 
H. F. Parry, 
P. C. Pinkerton, 
Jas. Pendleton, 
W. S. Pilsbury, 

C. M. Raffety, 
Lee Rogers, 

J. W. Sanders, 
Earl Sandusky, 
J. J. Searcy, 
Chas. Shelby, 
J. P. Simon, 
Fletcher Simon, 
J. H. Simcox, 
Tom Slattery, 
Henry Sparks, 

D. H. Sprecher, 
Ralph Stemm, 
R. M. Stewart, 

H. D. Timberlake, 
Geo. Watterson, 
Thos. H. White, 

E. E. Wilson, 
Homer Winder, 
Stanley Winger, 
E. L. Woodson. 



IV. (In carriage) Dr. Frederick A. Cook; Henry C. Gameau, Chairman Educational 
Committee; Dan. C. Nugent, Chairman Cook Reception Committee; James E. Smith, President 
Business Men's League. 

V. Representatives of Educational Institutions (in carriage): 
Rev. John P. Frieden, S. J., President St. Louis University. 
Prof. Calvin M. Woodward, Dean Washington University. 

Prof. Eugene Harms, of Walther College and Concordia Seminary. 
Rev. John F. Baltzer, of Eden College. 



126 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



First Division — Military 

VI. Marshal, Brig. -Gen. John A. Kress, U. S. Army. 

Chief of Staff, 

Adjutant-General, Capt. C. E. Morton, U. S. A. 



AIDES. 



Lieut.-Col. Otto Becker, U. S. 
Capt. Ola W. Bell. U. S. A., 
Major A. M. Davis, U. S. A., 
Capt. J. N. Killlan, U. S. A., 
Col. Robert Buchanan, 
Col. John B. Gandolfo, 
Major James B. Wilde, 



Mr. Andrew M. Sullivan, 

First Lieut. C. H. Knight, U. S. A., 

Capt. W. H. H. Miller, U. S. A., 

Major H. D. Snyder, U. S. A., 

Col. M. M. Clark, 

Col. H. T. Mott, 

Mr. J. B. Desnoyers. 



VII. Lieut.-Col. W. A. Mann, Sixth U. S. Infantry, Commanding Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 

Adjutant, Capt. Charles J. Symmonds, Twelfth U. S. A. 

Major Willoughby Walke, Coast Artillery, U S. A 

Major -Mfred E. Bradley, Surgeon, U. S. A. 

Quartermaster, Capt. Stanley H. Ford. 

United States Recruit Depot Band (Fourteenth Recruit Co.), 

Fifteenth Recruit Company. 

Sixteenth Recruit Company. 

Eighteenth Recruit Company. 

Twenty-third Recruit Company. 

Twenty-seventh Recruit Company. 



Frank Weber, Leader. 



nanding battalion of sailors from torpedo 



VIIL Lieut. Willis G. Mitchell, U. S. N. Co 
boat flotilla as follows: 

1. United States torpedo boat destroyer "McDonough," eighty officers and men. 

2. United States torpedo boat "Thornton," Lieut. Charles A. Blakeley, U. S. N. Command- 
ing seventy officers and men. 

3. United States torpedo boat "Tingey," Ensign Warren C. Nixon, U. S. N. Commanding 
seventy officers and men. 

4. United States torpedo boat "Wilkes," Ensign George C. Pegram, U. S. N. Commanding 
seventy officers and men. 

IX. Hon. Herbert 
Guard of Missouri. 



S. Hadley, Governor of Missouri, Commande 



Chief of the National 



Col. Phil. E. Mullin, 
Col. G. V. Dahlgrcn, 
Col. Nicholas Lamb, Jr., 
Col. Chas. D. Matthews, 
Col. Geo. W. Painter, 
Col. Chas. Houts, 
Col. Moses Shoenherg, 
Col. John A. Laird, 
Col. Geo. H. Robinson, 
Col. Lyman T. Hay, 
Col. W. I. Diffenderfer, 
Col. L. W. Kelly, 
Col. Chas. H. Kaskell, 
Col. Frank P. Clements, 



GOVERNOR'S STAFF. 
Col. F. W. Karling, 
Col. Nathaniel H. Townsend, 
Col. Martin J. Collins, 
-''■■■ Col. Fred Naeter, 

Col. Otto F. Stifel, 
Col. Isaac A. Hedges, 
Col. James L. Minnis, 
Col. Edward L. Preetorius, 
Col. Henry Andrae, 
Col. Chas. W. Holtkamp, 
Col. Mercer Arnold, 
Col. L. C. Dyer, 
Col. Edward P. Allen, 



Col. Wm. M. Bucholz, 
Col. A. L. Cooper, 
Col. Chas. M. Vining, 
Col. W. A. Dallraeyer, 
Col. C. W. Thomas, 
Col. H. Mitchell, 
Lieut. -Com. C. O. A, Brunk, 
Lieut-Com. Hiram Lloyd, 
Lieut.-Com. R. D. Silver. 
Col. Chas. D. Buffum, 
Col. C. C. Wolff, 
Col. E. S. Jewett, 
Col. Henry Schott, 



X. Major Julius Gerhard, First Infantry, N. G. M., Acting Regimental Commander. 

Captain Horace C. Dudley, Acting Regimental Quartermaster. 

Captain Lacy M. Love, Regimental Commissary. 

First Regiment of Infantry, N. G. M., Band, Wm. Wemhoener, Leader. 

First Regiment of Infantry, N. G. M. 



Educatio}ial and Historical Day 127 

XI. — Lieut. Eugene O, Sanguinet, Commanding Light Battery "A," N. G. M, 
Light Battery "A," N. G. M. 

XII. Lieut. Chester E. Burg, Commanding Signal Corps Detachment, N. G. M. 

XIII. Commander, W. F. Roberts, Commanding Missouri Naval Reserves. 
Missouri Naval Reserve Band, Benj. J. Campbell, Leader. 

Missouri Naval Reserves. 

Col. George Lawrence Byronde, Commanding Blees Military Academy. 

Blees Military Academy. 

XIV. Veteran Organizations (in carriages). 

1. Mexican War Veterans — Represented by Major George W. Gilson, Colonel Alex. G. 
Hequembourg, Captain Michael McEnnis, Captain Clark Kennerly. 

2. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U. S.- — Represented by Brig.-General Samuel 
L. Woodward, Brev. Brig.-General Bernard G. Farrar, Captain William R. Hodges, Lieut.- 
Colonel Robert Buchanan. 

3. Frank P. Blair Post, No. i, G. A. R. 

4. General Lyon Post, No. 2, G. A. R. 

5. Col. Hassendeubel Post, No. 13, G. A. R. 

6. Harry P. Harding Post, No. 107, G. A. R. — Represented by Henry Fairback, Dr. 
Edward Borck, George Heintz, H. W. Schlingman. 

7. Ransom Post, No. 131, G. A. R. 

8. Col. Shaw Post, No. 343, G. A. R. 

9. Col. Meurmann Post, No. 496, G. A. R. 

10. Commodore Foote Association, Naval Veterans. 

ij. Union Veteran Legion (Col.) Encampment, No. 15. 

12. United Confederate Veterans, St. Louis Camp, No. 731. 

13. Old Company "A" Association St. Louis National Guard — Represented by Colonel W. A. 
Hequembourg, T. D. Witt, Edward Mead, Captain J. W. Kennett. 

14. Sons of Confederate Veterans. 

XV. United Spanish-American War Veterans. One hundred and fifty men on foot. 

XVI. Philippine Army Veterans. 

Second Division — Educational 

J. Marshal, A. E. Kindervater, Director of Physical Training, Public Schools. 

AIDES. 
Theo. D. Kelsey, from Central High. 
Edward Frauenfelder, from McKinley High School. 
M. A. Burk, from Yeatman High School. 
Charles Collins, from Soldan High School. 
W. H. Huffman, from Sumner High School. 
Frank Tobin, from St. Louis University. 
Charles F. Zicbold, Christian Brothers College. 
R. B. Brooks, from Washington University. 
F. C. Tucker, from Smith Academy. 
H. L. Thomas, from Manual Training School. 
Estus V. Graves, from Walther College and Concordia Seminary. 

11. St. Louis Public High Schools. 

Prof. W. J. S. Bryan, Assistant Superintendent of Public Schools, in Command. 

1. Central High School, Prof. C. B. Curtis, Principal. 

Aides — H. F. Hoch, Assistant; C. J. Ingerson, Assistant; Louis M. Kittlaus, Captain. 

III. Industrial School Band of Eighty Pieces — Charles Richter, Leader. Superintendent 
Allen P. Richardson in charge. Four hundred and seven students. Uniform — White shirt and 
white Napoleon hat. Colors — Red and black. 

2. McKinley High School, Prof. G. B. Morrison, Principal. 

Aides— Clifford Crosby, Assistant; J. H. Castleman, Assistant; E. F. Card, Assistant; Fred C. 
Voss, Captain. 

McKinley High School Band — A. J. Burr, Leader. Four hundred and sixty-two students. 
Uniform — White shirt and white Napoleon hat. Color — Crimson. 



128 St. Loxiis One Hundred Years in a Week 

3. Yeatman High School. Prof. W. M. Butler. Principal. 

Aides — C. B. Goddard, Assistant; H, B. Stellwagen, Assistant; Hans G. Lehrman, Captain. 
Band — Charles Seymour, Leader. Three hundred and thirty students. Uniform — White shirt 
and white Napoleon hat. Colors — Royal blue and gold. 

4. Soldan High School. Prof. John Rush Powell, Principal. 

Aides — S. A. Douglas, Assistant; J. H. MacQuery, Assistant; Frank J. Glasow, Captain. 
Band— Charles Volrath, Leader. Four hundred and seventy-five students. Uniform — White 
shirt and white Napoleon hat. Colors — Brown and gold. 

5. Sumner High School, Prof. F. L. Williams, Principal. 

Aides — Elmer C. Campbell, Assistant; Andrew J. Gossin, Assistant; C. G. Poage, Captain. 
Band — W. A. Kaltenhaler, Leader. One hundred and twenty students. Uniform — White 
shirt and Cadet caps. Colors — Maroon and white. 

IV. St. Louis University Division. 

1. St. Louis University, Franklin J. Stanley, in Command. 

Aides — John B. Reno, Law Department ; D. C. Todd, Medical Department ; C. B. Owen, 
Dental Department; H. J. Mohrman, College Department; Lawrence B. Bitz, Captain. 

First Regiment St. Louis University. 

Band — John Bohacek, Leader. 

Second Regiment St. Louis University. 

Band — Charles Krieger, Leader. One thousand and forty-four students. Uniform — White 
naval reserve hat. Colors — Blue and white. 

2. Christian Brothers College, Rev. Brother Elzeor, Vice-President, in Command. 

Aides — Rev. Brother Justinus, Assistant; Rev. Brother Gabriel, Assistant; Captain, Sergeant 
Gordon Dawson, U. S. A.; Lieutenants, Brother Lawrence and Brother Joseph. 

Band — H. J. Falkenheiner. Leader. Three hundred students. Uniform — White square crown 
hat. Colors— Purple and gold. 

V. Washington University Division, Prof. A. P. Winston, of Washington University, in 
Command; Frank Everhardt, Captain; F. M. Cayou, Lieutenant. 

1. Father Dunne's Newsboys Band of Sixty Pieces— Henry L^mcke, Leader. 

2. Washington University. Six hundred students. Uniform — White cocked hat. Colors — 
Myrtle and maroon. 

3. Smith Academy, Prof. Frank Hamsher, Principal. One hundred and eight students. 
Uniform — White cocked hat. Colors — Red and white. 

4. Manual Training School, Prof. W. R. Vickroy, Principal. One hundred and ninety-two 
students. Uniform — White oocked hat. Colors — Black and gold. 

VI. Miscellaneous Division. Dr. R. E. Graul in Command. 
Aides — Walter A. W. Auping, Captain. 

Band — Eugene McDonald, Leader. 

1. Wallher College and Concordia Seminary, Prof. A. O. Leautheusser, Principal. 
Aides— Richard Preiss, Assistant; Arthur E. Bergmann, Assistant. Three hundred and fifty 

students. Uniform — White trapper's hat. Colors — Walther College, white and maroon; Con- 
cordia Seminary, blue and white. 

2. Eden College, Prof. W. Becker, Principal. Ninety students. Uniform — White trapper's 
hnts. Colors — Purple and white. 

Third Division — Historical 

L Marshal, Major H. Chouteau Dyer, First Infantry. N. G. M. 

AIDES. 
Mr. Robert A. Holland, Jr., Lieut. Wm. C. Bitting, Jr.. Mr. Kennett Curby, 

Mr. Luther Ely Smith, Lieut. J. Lucas Turner, Mr. Henry McRee. 

Maj. Wm. L. Chambers, Mr. Sears Lehmann, 

II. Historical Committee, in carriages, viz.: 

1. Hon. Walter B. Douglas, Chairman of Historical Committee. 
Hon. Pierre Chouteau, Historical Society. 

2. Rev. Wm. H, Fanning, St. Louis University. 
Prof. Roland G, Usher, Washington University. 
Prof. Wm. Carr Dyer, Principal Sigel School. 



Educational and Historical Day 129 

III. Knights of Columbus Drum Corps — Frank B. Higgins, Leader. 

IV. Knights of Columbus Zouaves. Capt. A. McHugh, Commanding; ist Lieut. Thomas 
O'Keefe, 2d Lieut. F. X. Fahey, Capt. Thos. Finan, Dnllmaster. 

V. Float No. I. 

"DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI BY JOLIET AND MARQUETTE." (1673.) 
Although the river had been crossed by the Spaniard, DeSoto and his companions in 1541, 
little was known of it until it was rediscovered in 1673 by Joliet and Marquette, the latter a 
Jesuit Priest. They crossed from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi by way of Green Bay, and 
the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. They descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Arkansas 
River, and returning reached Lake Michigan by ascending the Illinois River. 

Characters — "Louis Joiiet," "Rev. Jacques Marquette, S. J.,*' "Boatmen and Indians." 
VL Band— W. C. Vassar, Leader. 

VII. Company of French Soldiers. 

VIII. Float No. 2. 

"THE FOUNDING OF ST. LOUIS." < 1763-4-) 
In December, 1763, Laclede and Augustc Chouteau visited the present site of St. Louis, 

and Laclede determined that at this place he would build his trading post. The next February 

he sent Auguste Chouteau with a party of men to begin building, and the work was started 

on the 15th of February, 1764. 

Characters — "Pierre Laclede Liguest," "Auguste Chouteau," "Jean Salle Lajoie," "Boatmen 

and Indians." 

IX. Float No. 3. 

"THE COMING OF THE SPANIARD." (1770.) 

The result of the war between England and the American Colonies on the one part and 
France and the Canadian subjects on the other, was such that, in 1763, France ceded to Great 
Britain all of her possessions in North America excepting the island upon which New Orleans 
was situated, and that portion of the Mississippi Valley to the westward of the river. The 
Island of Orleans and the western portion of the Mississippi Valley, was, by a secret treaty 
made in 1762, ceded to Spain. St. Louis was therefore built by Frenchmen on Spanish ground. 
It continued to be ruled by a French Governor, Louis St. Ange de Bellerlve, until 1770, when 
Capt. Don Pedro Piernas was sent up from New Orleans to take up the government of the 
country on the part of Spain. 

Characters — "Capt. Don Pedro PJernas," "Lieut. Don. Antonio d'Oro," "Capt. Louis St. 
Ange de Bellerive," "Lieut. Pierre Francois de Valsey," "Soldiers," "Citizens," "Indians." 

X. Band — A. A. Bafunno, Leader. 

XL Company of Spanish Soldiers. 

XII. Float No. 4. 

"THE TRANSFER OF THE COUNTRY TO THE UNITED STATES." (1804.) 
The part of the Mississippi Valley west of the river and the Island of Orleans, which had 

together acquired the name of Louisiana, were ceded back by Spain to France in 1800. In 

1803 they were bought from France by the United States, Thomas Jefferson being the President. 

The upper part of Louisiana, which extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, 

and from the mouth of the Arkansas River to the Canadian line, was transferred to the United 

States at St. Louis, March 9-10, 1804. 

Characters— "Lieut. -Gov. Don, Carlos Dehault Delassus," "Capt. Don Antonio Soulard," 

"Capt. Amos Stoddard," "Capt. Merriwether Lewis," "Monsieur Charles Gratiot," "Soldiers," 

"Citizens," "Indians." 

XIII. Company of Continental Soldiers. 

XIV. Band — Jara Vrana, Leader. 

XV. Float No. 5- 

"THE RETURN OF LEWIS AND CLARK." (1806.) 
As soon as President Jefferson had bought the country of Louisiana, he organized an 
expedition for exploring it. This expedition, which was commanded by Capt. Merriwether 
Lewis and William Clark, ascended the Missouri River and crossed the Rocky Mountains to the 



130 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Pacific Ocean. On their return they reached St. Louis the 23d of September, 1806, and were 
accorded a triumphant welcome by its citizens. 

Characters — "Capt. Merriwether Lewis," Capt. William Clark," "Sergeant Patrick Gass," 
"Sergeant Nathanial Prior," "Mandan Chief Shehana, his Wife and Child;" "Boatmen," 
"Capt. Clark's Negro Servant Yorke, 8." 

XVL Float No. 6. 

"THE FIRST NEWSPAPER OFFICE." (1808.) 

The first newspaper, the Missouri Gazette, was started in St. Louis, July, 1808. The press 
upon which it was printed was the first set up west of the Mississippi River. In the third 
issue of the Gasette was announced the result of the first election held in St. Louis. The 
medium by which the trustees under the first incorporation of St. Louis reached the public 
was through the columns of the Gasette, wherein were published the various ordinances as 
they were adopted. The editor of the Gazette was Joseph Charless, and the printer was Jacob 
Hinkle. 

Characters — "Joseph Charless," "Jacob Hinkle." 

XVII. Float No. 7. 

"THE INCORPORATION OF ST. LOUIS." (1809) 

The Louisiana country was at first governed by a military officer appointed by the President 
of the United States. In 1809 was the beginning of home rule. In that year five trustees 
were chosen and a system of local government inaugurated. The trustees elected were: 
Auguste Chouteau, Chairman; Edward Hempstead, John Pierre Cabanne, William C. Carr and 
William Christy. 

Characters — "Auguste Chouteau," "Edward Hempstead," "Jean Pierre Cabanne," "William 
C. Carr," "William Christy," "Commissioner David Delanney," "Citizens," "Indians." 

Fourth Division 

United States Post Office Employes of St. Louis. 

Allan G. Showers, Marshal. 

AIDES. 
W. E. Johnson, H. M. Bartels, H. B. Martin, S. Hauschulte, 

Henry Smith. J. E. Cotlett, J. A. Ganz, J. C. Ward. 

Band — J. H. Balser, Leader. 

First Section Post Office Employes. 

Band — Otto Wirzing, Leader. 

Second Section Post Office Employes. 

The route of the Educational and Historical Parade was from Jefferson avenue and Chestnut 
street, east on Chestnut street to Broadway, south on Broadway to Elm street, east on Elm 
street to Fourth street, north on Fourth street to Washington avenue, west on Washington 
avenue to Broadway, south on Broadway to Olive street, west on Olive street to Sixth street, 
north on Sixth street to Washington avenue, west on Washington avenue to Twelfth street,, 
south on Twelfth street to Pine street, west on Pine street to Jefferson avenue. 



AFTERNOON 



TWO FLIGHTS BY CURTISS 

In the dusk of Friday evening several thousand people had the satisfac- 
tion of seeing a flight by Glenn H. Curtiss. There had been a delay of 
hours for the wind to subside. Tlie throng had thinned. Curtiss had post- 
poned the flight, hoping that the wind might die away at sundown. Leaving 
the route which had been used previously for the starting place, Curtiss 



Educational and Historical Day 131 

dashed across the field into long grass. After he had gone about 60 yards, 
he rose gradually to about 25 feet in the air, greeted by the cheers of 
the waiting thousands. The altitude was not maintained long. The 
aeroplane plunged downward, and it seemed as if the flight would not 
be more than 100 yards. Instead of striking the ground, the aeroplane 
skimmed along a distance of half a mile, then dropped gently to the turf. 
It was brought back to the starting place by the aero corps of the First 
Regiment. The flight lasted about forty seconds. The manner in which 
Curtiss steered through a gap in the row of trees which bounded the grand 
plaza of the World's Fair, gave spectators an idea of his perfect control 
of the machine. 

The Farman machine, of which the Aero Club had entertained strong hopes, 
was exhibited for the last time just before dark Friday. This biplane was taken 
from the tent at 5 130 p. m. and placed on the Park road. The attempts of the 
two previous days had been disappointing. Osmont, the aviator, had conducted 
the biplane over the course, but had failed to make satisfactory flight. J. W. 
Curzon, who bought the machine from Farman and shipped it to St. Louis direct 
from Chalons, France, for Centennial Week, had succeeded early that morning in 
getting the biplane four feet off the ground for a short distance. His instructions 
to Osmont were to put the machine in the air if human effort could put it there. 
Osmont's first turn around the field showed that the machine, if properly handled, 
in favorable conditions, might repeat the flight that made it famous. Within 400 feet 
of the start, it rose, but Osmont quickly brought it to earth when a stiff breeze from 
the southeast threatened to dash it into the clump of trees to the north of the 
boulevard. The biplane landed easily and continued its eastward course several 
hundred yards. Osmont then sent it into the air a second time, but its elevation 
was not more than four or five feet at any time, and the second flight ended as 
abruptly as the first. The aviator circled the course without again attempting to 
leave the ground and prepared to return the biplane to its tent. Curzon objected 
and ordered the aviator to make another attempt. 

"The wind is too high; I will not fly," declared Osmont. Curzon, who is 
inflexible when his mind is made up, again directed Osmont to make ready. 
Osmont hesitated, then obeyed. The machine was placed on the boulevard, the 
motor was started and the big propeller shot a great cloud of dust down the 
roadway. Osmont was off in an instant. After running 300 yards, the right wheels 
of the biplane left the ground, but the machine did not get into the air until a 
few seconds later. Then Osmont shut off the engine and down came the shaft 
after skimming over the ground for 100 feet. Those on the field could hardly tell 
he was flying, but the throng at the east end saw plainly that he was off the ground. 
From that time on Osmont made no effort to ascend, but, traversing the course, 
started back on the southern loop towards the tents. He had come within 300 yards 
of the starting point when the left wheels struck a hillock and turned sidewise, 
snapping the stanchion. The tail of the big biplane whirled around to the north as 
the wheels collapsed. Trembling at every joint the machine tottered and came 
down with a crash, its left planes thrown flat against the ground and its propeller 
shattered by striking the hard earth. 

Curzon, coming up after the soldiers arrived, ran to Osmont and made angry 
gestures. Osmont can not speak English and Curzon can not speak French, but 



132 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Curzon had no difficulty in conveying the nature of his feelings to the aviator. With 
a torrent of words, the Frenchman began explaining that the smash-up was just 
what he had expected ; he attached all blame for the occurrence to Curzon for 
insisting on the flight being made. A hasty survey of the wreck showed the 
machine could not be made ready for the next and last day of Centennial Week. 
"It will take a week to repair the biplane," said Curzon. "I shall not repair it here. 
As soon as I can get it packed I am going to take it East." 

The dirigible balloons made spectacular performances Friday afternoon. There 
had been a wind velocity of about twelve miles an hour until about 5 o'clock, when 
the flights started. After several hours of watching, during which the aeronauts 
declared the wind was too strong for flights, Baldwin's pennant was run up. 
While Baldwin was getting his balloon from its tent, Knabenshue's and Beachey's 
pennants also were sent up. The tired spectators took new hope. Baldwin required 
only six minutes to get his balloon ready. Thursday he had required half an hour. 
He went up at S '03. attaining a height of fifty feet before bringing his balloon to 
a horizontal position. 

From the first it was evident he was having a hard time with the wind, as he 
sought to avoid a repetition of his accident of Thursday by making toward the 
east. The stiff breeze from that direction made it impossible for him to make 
much headway. He had been up just three minutes when, caught in a stiflF gust 
of wind he was in danger of being carried ofT the field. To prevent this, Baldwin 
threw down his rope as his balloon darted west. He was going so fast when the 
rope touched the ground that his assistants dared not seize it, fearing the balloon 
would be damaged or Baldwin thrown from his place in the framework. They 
permitted the cord to slip between their fingers until the aeronaut brought the 
balloon above the club's inclosure and pointed its nose against the wind. At a 
signal from Baldwin, the men in the inclosure grasped the rope and held him, 
while the balloon corps made a dash to get beneath. They arrived in time to grasp 
the framework just as Baldwin, yelling, "Don't pull! Don't pull!" came gently to 
earth, his balloon narrowly missing the flagstaff at one end and a clump of trees 
at the other. 

Knabenshue, who had made more flights than any other aeronaut during the 
Centennial Week, was off a few seconds after his balloon was out of the tent, 
shooting easily to the northwest with the wind and circling around the crowd on 
Art Hill, low enough for them to have a full view of him and his little dirigible. 
After remaining over the heads of the spectators on the slope, he went east against 
the wind and returned in a pretty flight over the club's inclosure. From there 
he circled back and approached the field, gracefully landing. 

When Beachey's balloon was brought from the tent, three dirigibles together 
were on the field. All of them made preparations about the same time to ascend. 
Baldwin was the first to go up. By skillful management, he got back over the 
grounds after Knabenshue and Beachey had ascended, giving the crowd their first 
glimpse of three dirigibles in the air at the same time. 

Baldwin's second flight was of the same length as his first. One of the ropes 
on his machine broke and he immediately descended, fearing the strong wind, 
combined with the broken rope, would render his craft unmanageable. Crying 
"Easy ! Easy !" to those who tugged at the rope, he got to earth without accident. 

Beachey, who got into the air two minutes after Baldwin, remained aloft about 
four minutes. Knabenshue, who followed Beachey up in about ten seconds, landed 
a few seconds after Beachey. Beachey repeated the maneuver which attracted so 



Educational and Historical Day 133 

much attention Thursday. Reaching a point just south of the field, about seventy- 
five feet in the air, he held his dirigible practically stationary for a minute or more, 
despite the gusts of wind. 

The crowds were thrilled to the highest pitch when they saw three dirigible 
balloons up in the air at the same time. Unfortunately not more than 3,000 at 
the outside saw the flight made by Glenn H. Curtiss just as darkness was beginning 
to deepen. These 3,000 were those standing on the south bank of the River des 
Peres, and when Curtiss did fly their enthusiasm was boundless. It was physically 
impossible for more than these, outside of the enclosure proper, to see. 

Immediately after returning to his tent, Mr. Curtiss was asked why he landed. 
He replied : "Because there was not room enough to turn again and to go back 
without flying over the heads of the spectators." Discussing the conditions of 
aeroplane flights, Mr. Curtiss continued : 

I think there should be a law to prevent aeroplanes from being driven over people 
or where sudden descent would mean danger. It is different from a dirigible, which 
will float down gently. In flying over the heads of a crowd an aeroplanist endangers 
not only his own life, but he places the lives of others in jeopardy. I am not so 
enthusiastic as some about the future of aeroplanes in certain respects. It is a good 
deal easier to watch than to perform. Sailing an aeroplane looks easy from the 
ground. In the seat it is quite a different thing. Suppose a man's motor should fall 
on him, a thing that must always be reckoned with. He would come to the ground, 
and he might land very liard. We may build more stable machines, but there will 
always be a limit to the amount of wind in which aeroplanes can safely be operated. 
A bird does not fly in a hurricane. A ship is not taken out in a gale. I wanted to 
go around the course, completing the circuit, because i consider it the most dangerous 
course I ever tried. On Thursday morning, when I landed before completing the 
turn, I had just been struck by a sudden gust of wind. My machine careened from 
side to side. Well, in that brief period I was nearer turning over than ever before. 
I thought I should not get it righted for a moment. 

The people who covered many acres of Forest Park on both Thursday and 
Friday were notably good natured and patient, beyond the occasional expressions 
of hope for the flights to begin. The police, under the direction of Captain O'Brien, 
who had been detailed to the grounds, numbered 200. They were reinforced by 
about 350 men of the First Regiment, N. G. M., under command of Colonel E. J. 
Spencer, who was on the ground in personal control of the situation. The Signal 
Corps and about fifty men of Battery A were also present, their duties being 
largely in connection with the handling of the dirigibles and aeroplanes, while the 
men of the regiment stood guard within and without the lines of the inclosure. 
Mounted policemen kept Lindell avenue open, requiring automobiles to move in 
one direction — westward. 

Surrounding the course, Friday's crowd lined close to the fence, and the south 
bank of the River des Peres, as on Thursday, standing fully as thick. In the broad 
meadows to the south, east and north, many thousands seated themselves to wait 
for the aviators to rise above the heads of the living fence about the field. Over 
on Art Hill in every attitude that fancy or comfort dictated other thousands passed 
the hours hoping to see something go into the air. 

From the upper slopes these had a good view of the aero inclosure and were 
first, by their cries, to signal to those on lower ground, that preparations were 
being made for flights. It was toward Art Hill that the dirigibles always headed 
to show their paces, returning by the eastern and northern boundaries to give the 
crowds on both sides full views of air ships in motion. 



134 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

When at the end it became apparent that there were to be no more attempts at 
flights for the day, the people in vast flocks slowly made their way to the street car 
terminals. Off to the west and north, the Page, Delmar, Wellston and Hamilton 
cars were sought. At the DeBaliviere entrance to the park, the Union, McPherson 
and Maryland picked up their quotas; while to the south of the park the Taylor, 
Market and Laclede lines handled their shares of the big crowd which tramped 
through the wooded section back of Art Hill. 

In the presence of about 300 people. Glenn H. Curtiss made an aeroplane flight 
at 7:41 a. m.. Friday. He was oflf the ground a minute and a half and sailed three- 
quarters of a mile against an east wind having a velocity of five miles an hour. 
The start was ideal. The wind was blowing directly toward him, a condition 
considered most favorable for the successful launching of an aeroplane. He had 
traveled only 270 feet when the three rubber-tired wheels left the ground. The 
trim little machine seemed about to go straight up in the air and the effort 
necessary to prevent it from reaching too great altitude kept Curtiss busy with his 
levers and rudder-gear. The aviator brought the airship to an even keel when 
it was thirty-five feet above the ground. When he attempted to circle about a group 
of trees at the lower end of the course, his machine careened to the right. In his 
effort to balance it he so tilted the planes that he threw the machine out of its 
course. When he saw that he had been carried so far to the north that it would 
be impossible for him to safely round the trees, he landed. "I was just feeling 
my way, and I did not intend to make an extended flight this morning," he said, 
as he returned to the tent. 

About the same time that Curtiss made his successful flight, Hugh A. Robinson, 
a St. Louis inventor, attempted a flight in his twenty-horsepower monoplane. 
The St. Louis inventor showed no nervousness as he stepped into the machine. 
He ran down the getaway at good speed and traveled three-quarters of a mile, 
but the wheels did not leave the ground. Robinson explained that his motor was 
not developing its full power. "I'll gear it up and fly later in the day," he said. 
"The machine is perfect." 

During the morning, when things were quiet about the tents except for Dixon's 
trials of his motor — a Curtiss mechanism — and Anthony's filling of the bag for the 
wireless dirigible's ascension in the afternoon. Dr. Enno Sander, a leading member 
of the St. Louis Academy of Science, and a man nearly 90 years of age. visited 
the Robinson tent. "I'm glad your aeroplane is St. Louis made and the product of 
a St, Louis brain," said Dr. Sander. 

Joseph W. Curzon, owner of the heavy Farman machine which Osmont, the 
French aviator, had not been able to get more than a few feet off the ground, 
waved Osmont aside Friday morning and took his place at the wheel. It was 
evident that Curzon was greatly nettled over the failure of the machine to lift itself 
into the air. He threw the throttle wide open and thundered across the field. 
He did make the best flight which the Farman machine had yet made in St. Louis. 
The aeroplane, near the east end of the enclosure, leaped from the ground and 
made a jump of 100 feet, rising 6 feet from the earth. Returning, Curzon 
duplicated the feat. 

"With an ounce more of power," remarked Curtiss as he watched the attempt, 
"Curzon would get into the air." 



Educational and Historical Day 135 

The Chairman of the Executive Committee, George D. Markham, in an interview 
Friday night, reminded the public that the aviation program was wholly dependent 
upon atmospheric conditions. He said: 

Those who criticise the aviators for not making scheduled flights show their lack 
of knowledge of aerial navigation, and should hesitate and consider before condemning. 
It has not been the fault of the Aero Club or the aeronauts that all the events were 
not pulled off. It has been due to the unfavorable wind conditions. No sensible man 
is going to go up in the air in an aeroplane or monoplane or any other kind of aerial 
machine and place his life in jeopardy to please the crowd, and no fair-minded person 
should expect him to. 

The wind was such today that even Capt. Baldwin could not control his dirigible, 
and it would have meant disaster and perhaps death for Mr. Curtiss to have made 
a higher ascension than he did. I was at Rheims, France, during the recent aerial 
carnival, and the same thing happened there as has happened here. One day I 
waited from ii o'clock in the morning until dusk, and was just as disappointed as 
the thousands of others were when no flights were made. President Fallieres was 
at the aero grounds that day himself, and the aviators were extremely anxious to fly, 
but would not court disaster to please him or any one else. The people of St. Louis 
should not expect them to do so here. 



NIGHT 



MUSIC AND MANHOOD MADE IN ST. LOUIS 

From 1830 to 1850 the population was multiplied by ten. In the 
latter year, 22,340, one-third of the inhabitants of St. Louis, were of 
German birth. Ten years later, in i860, St. Louis city and county had 
50,510 people "born in Germany." Two-thirds of a century St. Louis 
has been receiving a strong influx of German immigration. In 1890 
there were 66,000 of German birth. The result has not been the German- 
izing of St. Louis, but an assimilation which has contributed notable 
elements of strength to an American city. "The young man Absalom" 
has given the minimum of concern to this community. No other large city 
has shown a larger proportion of sons well worthy of their sires. Degen- 
eracy, in descent, has been the very rare exception. Traditions, public 
sentiment, family ideals, have contributed to the improvement generation 
by generation. Sons of St. Louisans, grandsons of St. Louisans, great- 
grandsons of St. Louisans, hold places in the foremost ranks of professions 
and vocations. In the present generation there is no reaction from this 
admirable and hopeful characteristic of the city, for which much credit 
is due the German infusion. 

THE BUND AND THE SYMPHONY NIGHT 

German-American — in the best and most complete sense — was the 
entertainment given to an audience of 5,000 in the Coliseum Friday night. 
The affair was under the auspices of the National German-American 
Alliance and the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. Max Zach and 



136 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Friedrich Fischer conducted the music, while A. E. Kindervater and 
Otto Driesel directed the Turners in their athletic exhibitions. To 
supplement them, the mass chorus, 300 strong, of the United Singing 
Societies, led by Wilhelm Lange, contributed not a little toward the suc- 
cess of the evening. 

The festival, for such it might well be called, was German in the 
wealth of music, in the thorough, subdued appreciation of the audience, 
and in the beautiful performance of the Turners. It was American in 
the enthusiastic, patriotic expression which greeted Columbia, Germania 
and St. Louis in a final tableau. This spirit of loyalty was emphasized 
when those participating arose in their places and sang ''My Country, 
'Tis of Thee." 

There was about the festival the quiet, music-loving atmosphere of most German 
gatherings. While it was not wanting in spirit and dash, these were subordinated 
to the principal purposes of the gathering — music and the presentation of spectacles. 
Here and there the nervous Anglo-Saxon betrayed himself by applauding 
prematurely to some bit of music that was not yet half through. But the German- 
American held the situation, and he celebrated the Centennial in his own way. 
Concert, chorus, speaking and gymnastic exercises were combined, as follows : 
J. March, "Triumphale" L. Mayer 

2. Symphonic Overture, "Hiawatha" E. R. Kroeger 

3. Concerto, for Piano in B Minor Louis Conrath 

(Performed by Chas. Kunkel.) 

4. Scene Pastoral, "Alpine Storm" Chas. Kunkel 

5. Poem Symphonique P. G. Anton 

PART TWO. 

6. Male Chorus, 2,000 Voices German-American Alliance 

7. Calisthenic Exercises Turners, German-American Alliance 

PART THREE. 

8. (a) Gavotte, "When Love Was Young" Guido Vogel 

(b) Caprice, "Belle Minnie" Otto Anschutz 

9. "The Song of Orpheus" Robert Goldbeck 

PART FOUR. 

10. Address by the President of the German-American Alliance Association 

of America Dr. C. J. Hexamer 

PART FIVE. 

11. Concert Valse, Gioza ("Joy Forever") A. I. Epstein 

12. "Bohemian Suite" Oswald Thumser 

PART SIX. 

13. Male Chorus, 2,000 Voices German-American Alliance with Hymn "America" 

14. Turner Calisthenics with Grand Patriotic Tableau, with accompaniment of Orchestra, Grand 

Chorus and Audience. 

It was a made-in-St. Louis program. With the exception of two features, the 
entire work was the product of St. Louis ability. These exceptions were the 
speech of the evening, which was made by Doctor C. J. Hexamer, President of the 
National German-American Alliance, and a musical composition by Mozart. Of 
course, there were German folk songs, but these had been rearranged by St. Louis 
musicians for the occasion. 



Educational and Historical Day 137 

The orchestra began the evening with Louis Mayer's "March Triumphal." This 
was followed by the exquisitely beautiful "Hiawatha," as arranged by Ernest R. 
Kroeger. Charles Kunkel at the piano, then gave Louis Conrath's Concerto in 
B-fiat minor, with orchestra accompaniment. No feature of the evening was 
applauded more enthusiastically than this. 

The very notable music feature was Kunkel's own "Alpine Storm," which he 
gave at the piano, with the orchestra accompanying. Through the music one could 
almost hear the tinkle of sheep bells, the love song of the shepherd harpist, the 
gathering of the thunderstorm, the hiss and roar of the wind in the forest and the 
sound of the torrents as they were whipped by the hurricane. 

Different in nature, but no less pleasing, was Guido Vogel's "When the Heart 
Is Young." It was a jolly, whimsical phantasy, pleasing in its light imagery, after 
the diapason of Kunkel; and then there was Otto Anschuetz's "Belle Minnie." 
Never did musician unravel a more dainty theme. It was graceful and sweet, and 
the applause it received must have delighted the author, as he heard it from a 
box. n Anschuetz never did anything else his fame as a musician would be secure. 

The same might be said of Abraham I. Epstein's "Gioja." It was a light, airy 
theme, in which rippled the music of falling waters and the tinkling of Sabbath 
bells. 

The concert concluded with P. G. Anton, Sr.'s, Overture Symphonie, and 
Oswald Thumser's suite "Bohemia." The latter was received enthusiastically by 
the audience, which cheered its different numbers to the echo. 

No more striking spectacle ever graced the Coliseum than the calisthenic drill 
of the io8 members of the United Turners' Society of St. Louis. Clad in neat 
close-fitting gray uniforms, with black belts, the young men went through their 
exercises with the military precision of long German training. As they were formed 
in open order, they covered a large space. The io8 moved as one man. It was 
as if the conductor were manipulating lo8 manikins with an electric button, so 
precise and uniform were the movements. The Turner exhibition closed with a 
pretty illuminated dumb-bell drill. Nine of the picked team of Turners, which 
represented St. Louis at the great German Turnfest at Frankfort, several years ago, 
were chosen for this part of the program. With the lights turned low, they gave 
fancy dumb-bell exercises to German and American patriotic airs. 

The entertainment drew an attendance, not only large, but representative of the 
entire city. Among those in the audience were: Mayor Frederick H. Kreismann, 
former Governor David R. Francis, Colonel R. C. Kerens, Colonel Edward L. 
Preetorius, Judge Shepard Barclay, William Lemp, Jr., Otto F. Stifel, City 
Collector Edmond Koeln, Sheriff Louis Nolte, F. W. Drosten, E. N. Tolkacz, Henry 
Conrades, Charles F. Wenneker, President of the Million Population Club ; Charles 
F. Vogel, Judge Charles F. Gallenkamp, Gustav Cramer, Ernst F. Cramer, Police 
Commissioner Otto L. Teichmann, William Prufrock, Doctor Hugo Starkloff, A. 
Gast, Herman Hunicke, Ben Altheimer, Joseph Dieckmann, E. A. Faust, 
Congressman Richard Bartholdt, City Councilman E. V. P. Schneiderhahn, Max von 
Loehr and Henry Nicolaus. In the boxes with most of these were many ladies 
of their families and other friends. 

The closing number was a grand allegorical tableau representing Columbia and 
Germania, in long, flowing robes, at each side of a mailed figure representing 



138 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

St. Louis. As the curtains were drawn back, disclosing the figures brilliantly 
illuminated, the orchestra swung into the bars of the national anthem, and the 
audience rose en masse, joining in the chorus with one mighty voice. As the 
crowds were leaving the auditorium the playing of "Die Wacht am Rhein" was the 
occasion for another demonstration. 

The committee representing the organizations contributing to the program was 
composed of: 

Edward L. Preetorius, Chairman, 

E. N. Tolkacz, Adam Link, W. Lenz, 

Chas. Gallenkamp, Fr. Brill, Jos. Eicks, 

A. E. Kindervater, Val. J. Schmidt. W. R. Schroeder. 
A. J. Burow, Ed. Buechel. 



ST. LOUIS DAY 



Saturday, October 9th. 

THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSIT IN ST. LOUIS 

Men and women only fifty-one years old saw the first street car in St. 
Louis. To be sure, they were infants in arms and may not remember 
that exciting event, but they were here. The semi-centennial anniversary 
of the opening of the first street railroad in this city came in 1909. The 
Fourth of July of 1859 was the day. Olive street was the scene. The 
inaugural trip took place at ten o'clock in the morning, and was attended 
with great enthusiasm. Tlie newspaper account described this first 
"horse-car" as "a beautiful vehicle, light, elegant and commodious, built 
with fifteen others of the same style for the Missouri Railroad Company." 
The place of manufacture was Philadelphia. The cost was $900. Plans 
for the opening nearly miscarried, owing to the delay in the arrival of 
the car. On the morning of the 3d of July, the Ohio & Mississippi Rail- 
road agent sent word to the street railroad people that the first car was 
in East St. Louis. In those days the task of getting a street car down 
the bank of the Illinois side, upon a ferry boat and then up the St. Louis 
levee was formidable. But the man who drove the first omnibus in 
St. Louis was at the head of the street railroad enterprise. The "horse- 
car," as the papers called it, was on the track at Fourth and Olive streets 
before ten o'clock the morning of the Fourth. The directors of the 
company took the seats. President Erastus Wells stood on the front 
platform holding the lines over the crack team, hitched to the pole, 
"which," as the reporter explained in his description of the car, "can 
readily be shipped to either end of the car." 

With the introduction of the cable in the period between 1885 and 
1890 the number of people who rode on the cars doubled and trebled. With 
the general application of the trolley, between 1890 and 1900, the number 
of fares doubled again. The patronage increased from 19,600,000 in 
1882 to 112,000,000 in 1898. In 1907 the number of passengers carried 
was 313,945,149. In 1909 the number carried was 326,045,616. 

St. Louis street cars in 1908 carried five and one-half times the number 
of people they did when the city was just half as large. Revenues had 
not increased correspondingly. The passengers rode longer distances. 
Of the 313,000,000 carried, 97,000,000 used transfers. The average fare 
was less than three and one-half cents — to be accurate, 3.39 cents. In 
the days of the omnibus lines, three fares of six and one-quarter cents 



140 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

each were required to go from Carondelet to Baden. Three changes were 
made en route, and only one of the end Hnes was operated with free 
transfer privilege. 

Every change for the better in transportation facilities found prompt 
response in increased patronage. Horse cars carried more people than 
omnibuses did. There was another very marked advance when the cable 
came in. But the greatest advance followed the trolley. Each time the 
increase was far beyond the growth of population. In the past nine years 
the number of fare-paying passengers much more than doubled. At the 
beginning of that period one passenger in four took and used a transfer. 
In 1909 two in five, or a fraction above that, took advantage of the 
privilege. The street railroad experts accounted for the growing pat- 
ronage in various ways. St. Louis people had become more social ; they 
patronized amusements winter and summer more than they did a few 
years ago. They lived farther from their places of business and employ- 
ment. 

Cars went through the experimental stages. The earliest were for two horses. 
They had bodies fourteen and sixteen feet long. The horses were attached to a 
tongue, which was dropped loose at the end of the line and dragged around to 
the other end. There was another style of car the body of which was on a pivot 
in the center. At the end of the line the pivot was raised and the car body was 
swung around, the trucks remaining on the tracks. Then came the adoption of 
the bobtail car drawn by one horse. This car was from ten to twelve feet long 
with a platform in front and a step behind. The passenger put the fare in a box 
at the front end of the car. Manufacture of street cars became a St. Lx)uis industry. 
Street railroad managers stood over the street car manufacturer. Maximum strength 
with minimum weight was the vital principle. Where an inch or an ounce could 
be spared, without loss to carrying capacity, it was eliminated. At one period 
bobtail cars exclusively were operated on the Olive and Washington avenue lines. 
When two-horse cars with double platforms and conductors were put on in place 
of the bobtails, the patrons felt that they were obtaining metropolitan conveniences. 
Occasionally enterprise took the form of eccentricity. In 1874 the Northwestern, 
as it was then, afterwards the Mound City, put on a two-story car, or double-decker, 
as the newspaper called it. A spiral staircase on the rear platform gave access 
to the second story. The double-decker was a fair weather car. It did not last 
long. Steam dummies were put on Grand avenue and Easton avenue west of 
Grand. They frightened the horses of the farmers coming to town. They were 
prohibited by the county court. 

The trolley era dated from 1894. It came with tribulation. In 1843 St. Louis 
was reluctant to patronize the omnibus because "it wasn't genteel." In 1859 some 
pioneer improvement people held indignation meetings and instructed their aldermen 
to vote against horse-car tracks because they would damage the streets and infringe 
upon the rights of property-holders. In another generation the clanging cable 
was denounced as a nuisance and some people moved to get away from the sound 
of it. And then came the prolonged and bitter opposition to the trolley. Not 
until 1890 was permission given to try the poles and overhead wire on certain 
streets in the western part of the city. St. Louis became gradually convinced that 



St. Louis Day 141 

the trolley was not the menace to human existence that had been imagined. The 
first permit gave such satisfactory results that in a few months the overhead wires 
were allowed to approach the business center. Before a year had passed the 
trolley car reached Fourth street. But it was not until 1894 that the use of the 
trolley became general. 

In i8g6 the last horse-car disappeared from the streets of St. Louis. The cable 
system whch had come in eleven years before was going out. The trolley was the 
thing. But not until 1899 was the last of the cable roads transformed and equipped 
for electrical service. Centennial Week the trolley had been in universal use by 
St. Louis street railroads just ten years. 

The trolley meant new and heavier rails throughout. In 1909 there was not 
a mile of the horse-car track in St. Louis. Not only heavier rails but new road- 
bed was required. The first electric cars were diminutive compared with the 
rolling stock which came later, but they were very much heavier than the horse- 
cars. The first electric cars in St. Louis had bodies only sixteen feet long. The 
seats were along the sides. The Bellefontaine line was reconstructed for electricity 
in 1892. The company showed its enterprise by increasing the length of the electric 
cars to twenty feet. Then came the Suburban with a car twenty-eight feet long, 
with the floor four feet above the rail. These cars had cross seats upon a center 
aisle. They were imposing and were welcomed as a great improvement on the 
old side seats. The Lindell Company was well stocked with the cars sixteen feet 
long. It adopted the novel plan of splicing two cars of sixteen feet together and 
mounting the elongated car on double trucks with a side as well as a rear entrance. 
Other roads supplied themselves with longer cars, until nearly all in use were 
from twenty-six to twenty-eight feet long. Cross seats became the rule. 

In the matter of rails, St. Louis experimented not only for the local trafiic 
but for the benefit of the whole country. The flat rails, spiked upon stringers, 
were not enduring. Stringers of pine were short-lived. The Bellefontaine road 
was laid with Bessemer steel rails weighing forty-five pounds to the yard. Five 
miles of this kind of rail was put down at a time when no Bessemer steel was 
rolled in the United States. These rails were imported from England. The 
South St. Louis Railroad put down a mile of track on Sixth street, using a rail 
weighing fifty-two pounds to the yard. It was a girder rail, doing away with the 
necessity of stringers. It came into general use by street railroads, because it 
gave a track more solid than the flat rails. 

St. Louis has pioneered the way in street railroad progress. Here was done 
the first electric welding of street car rails. Here also was let the first contract 
for fastening rails with cast-welded joints. The direct connected generator built 
on the axle joint was used first on St. Louis street cars; with this city originated 
rails sixty feet long. Track construction in i860 was with strap rails weighing 
28 pounds to the yard. Then came strap rails 40 pounds to the yard. The girder 
rail, 50 pounds to the yard, was substituted as the cars grew heavier and traffic 
increased. The girder rails have increased in size to 60, 78 and 86 pounds to the 
yard. Today the United Railways uses rails weighing 112 pounds to the yard. 
Rails of 100 pounds to the yard are considered very heavy for steam cars. Most 
steam roads use a rail of 80 pounds. St. Louis was the first city to venture in 
the use of the large double truck for street cars. Another advance was in the use 
of steel plates instead of wood for the bodies of cars. 



142 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

MORNING 



THE REVIEW OF THE AUTOMOBILES 

The most imposing display of automobiles seen up to that time in the 
Mississippi Valley, if not in any part of the United States, was the 
morning event of St. Louis Day. Headed by a band, Mayor Kreismann, 
Centennial Grand Marshal E. J. Spencer and his aides ; Capt. R. E. Lee, 
parade marshal, and O. L. Halsey, J. J. Behen, A. N. Stanley, H. B. 
Krenning, J. H. Holmes and James Hagerman, Jr., of the Automobile 
Parade Executive Committee, the five divisions of the parade, comprising 
over i,ooo automobiles, passed over the route from Vandeventer avenue 
to Broadway and back to Kingshighway at the rate of ten miles an 
hour, requiring two hours to complete the parade. The automobiles 
represented a money investment placed at $2,000,000. 

The parade was reviewed at the Court of Honor by the three judges, 
who awarded the prizes — B. F. Gray, Jr. ; Col. E. L. Preetorius and Col. 
Isaac A. Hedges. David R. Francis and E. F. Goltra, of the Visiting 
Mayors' Reception Committee, Chairman George D. Markham and other 
Centennial officials were on the reviewing stand. Mayor Kreismann 
rode over the entire route of the parade, and reviewed the line from 
the south steps of the Washington Hotel at Kingshighway and Wash- 
ington boulevard. 

The first division of the parade, immediately following the officials, contained 
the decorated cars of the St. Louis Automobile Club. The arrangements of flowers, 
vines, flags and bunting on these automobiles were artistic and unique. These 
features were greeted with applause by the crowds. The club had about 200 
machines in this division. Roy F. Britton was marshal of this division. 

The second division, composed of decorated pleasure cars, called forth admiring 
comments. About fifty cars were in line, headed by J. R. Brown, marshal of this 
division. Decorative designs on these cars were elaborate and gave a gala appear- 
ance to the entire parade. The decorations were in natural flowers. 

The undecorated cars and the electric pleasure cars formed, respectively, the 
third and fourth divisions of the parade. The third division contained probably 
the largest number of cars. M. W. Doyle was marshal of the third division, E. C. 
Michel of the fourth division and W. C. Anderson of the fifth division. 

One of the most striking cars in the decorated section was that of Mayor 
J. A. Ring, of Shakopee, Minn. It was covered with chrysanthemums. An 
airship on one of the cars of the Phoenix Auto Supply Company attracted much 
attention. The car of Lawrence Mullen was surmounted by the figure of a horse, 
on which was seated seven-year-old Wallace Mullen, royally attired as Saint Louis. 

In many of the automobiles rode the wives and daughters of the owners. 
There were many handsome costumes worn. Ofiicers and men of the United 
States torpedo flotilla occupied several cars. Visiting Mayors were in others. It 
was estimated that nearly 4,000 people rode in the pageant. Municipal auto vehicles 
constituted the fifth division. 



St. Louis Day 



143 



The parade started at Lindell boulevard and Vandeventer avenue at to o'clock. The route 
included Lindell boulevard to Grand avenue, south on Grand avenue to Chestnut street, east 
on Chestnut street to Broadway, north on Broadway to Washington avenue, west on Washington 
avenue to Twelfth street, south on Twelfth street, passing in review through the Court of 
Honor, to Olive street, west on Olive street to Fifteenth street, north on Fifteenth street to 
Locust street, west on Locust street to Channing avenue, north on Channing avenue to 
Washington boulevard, west on Washington boulevard to Kingshighway, where the parade 
disbanded. 

The peculiar route was selected to give the motorists good streets all the way 
and to avoid as many street-car tracks as possible. A motorcycle policeman headed' 
each section and a flag bearer with the white fleur-de-lis in the center of a blue 
flag indicated that another section of the pageant was passing. 

Among the private cars entered in the automobile parade were those of: 



F. H. Kreismann, 
R. C. Kerens, 
W. D. Simmons, 
George F. Durant, 
William S. Drozda, 
Robert H. Reiser, 

C. C. Collins, 
A. C. Stewart, 
O. P. Langan, 
W. J. Marshall, 
F. A. Bannister, 
Edward F. Goltra, 

D. H. P. Grant, 
W. C. Culver, 
Samuel Cupples, 
Joseph A. Monig, 



Dr. S. C. Harbour, 
M. Eisenstadt, 

E. S. Delaplaine, 
W. P. Hill, 

J. D. Lucas, 
W. J. Beiraes, 
Leon L. Hull, 
M. J. Ehrllch, 
Dr. Pinckney Frencl 

F. E. Niesen, 
Ewing Hill, Jr., 
Sam D. Capen, 
Roy F. Britton, 
D. R. Francis, 

Dr. H. H. Helbing, 



F. H. W. Krenning, 
Mrs. J. H. Boyle, 
George C. Carpenter, 
Gustav Cramer, 
John J. Behen, 
Elias Michael, 
Louis Nolte, 
E. A. Zahn, 
Arthur Anderson, 
H. T. Curtright, 
Frank M. Crunden, 
Charles Clark, 
Edward Campbell, 
Nicholas M. Bell, 
P. D. C. Ball, 



F. V. Desloge, 

of Desloge, Mo., 
A. C. Einstein, 
Christ A. Garvey, 
Dr. E. O. Greer, 
W. A. Guenzburge 



The 



He 



neln 



H. P. Hilllard, 
E. A. Kieselhorst, 
Alden H. Little, 
Dr. L. C. McElwee, 
Clarence H. Howard, 
E. D. Tilton, 
Dr. H. Tuholske. 



Handsome solid silver cups were awarded as prizes. To Sam D. Capen, chair- 
man of the Committee on the Automobile Parade, the judges reported the award 
of prizes: 

Dear Sir: Your committee appointed to judge of the cars in the parade this day 
find as follows: 

Theodore Hemmelmann, of the Aiple & Hemmelma'nn Real Estate Company, prize 
for the best decorated pleasure car. 

The Shields-Porter Millinery Company, prize for the best decorated commercial 



The silver cup for the most unique car in line, Lawrence Mullen, of No. 4067 
St. Louis avenue. 

The best decorated electric vehicle. Miss Laura A. Watters, of No. 5831 Clemens 
avenue. 

The Adolph Brix Floral Company and the Delraar Motor Car Company, honorable 
mention certificates. 

ISAAC A. HEDGES, 
BENJ. F. GRAY, JR., 
EDWARD L. PREETORIUS. 

The Executive Committee, which conducted the preparation of the Automobile 
Parade, was composed of : 

Sam D. Capen, President Auto Club of St. Louis. 

H. B. Krenning, President Auto Manufacturing and Dealers' Association. 

A. N. Stanley, President Motor Accessories Association. 

O. L. Halsey, Auto Manufacturers and Dealers' Association. 

J. Howard Holmes, Secretary Auto Club of St. Louis. 

Robert E. Ivee, Editor Auto Review. 

John J. Behen, National Accessory Jobbers' Association. 

James Hagerman, Jr. 



144 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



DIVISION MARSHALS. 



Roy F. Britton, 


W. B. Fewell, 


E. C. Michel, 


W. C. Anderson, 


Alden H. Little, 


M. W. Doyle, 


F. E. Stevens, 


Ben Swingley. 


J. R. Brown, 


W. Ashley Grey, 

AIDES 






E. L. Ray, 


D. Donnelly, 


G. M. Faught, 


S. S. Primm, 


C. R. Garrison, 


W. W. Leathers, 


S. B. Robertson, 


F. G. Smith, 


J. D. Perry Lewis, 


Thomas W. Benoist, 


A. R. Walton, 


E. N. Miller, 


A. J. Lindsay, 


C. F. Brown, 


H. F. Van Cleave, 


Roy Brouster, 


W. N. Morrison, 


W. N. Aubuchon, Jr., 


George Weber, 


George Neff, 


Gratiot Cabanne, 


Joseph Franklin, 


Ashley Papin, 


E. J. Moon. 


Clarence Peper, 


John W. Gardner, 







AFTERNOON 



PIONEER PLANS AND THEIR REALIZATION 

The Fair Grounds tract was intended for a park over fifty years ago. 
At die time Henry Shaw was laying out his arboretum on the south sfde, 
John O'Fallon let it be known that he intended to donate sixty acres for 
a park in the northern suburbs. This was the older portion of the Fair 
Grounds lying west of Grand avenue and north of Natural Bridge road. 
Colonel O'Fallon mentioned his purpose in 1854. But before the gift 
to the city was consummated, the Agricultural and Mechanical Associa- 
tion was organized. The tract was deemed especially suitable for fair 
grounds, and was transferred to the organization. 

The first official report of the St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Association 
has been preserved by the family of G. O. Kalb, who was for twenty-seven years 
secretary of the organization. It was issued in 1858. It described the acquisition 
of "fifty acres of wild and uncultivated ground three miles beyond the city limits." 
It told of the construction of fair buildings which included "the largest amphitheater 
in the Union and a gallinarium capable of accommodating any quantity of the 
feathered tribes." 

"What the carnival is at Rome, the fair is at St. Louis," the report stated. 
Signs "To the Fair" were placarded on all the omnibuses and public vehicles as 
they hastened to the scene of attraction. 

At the fair of 1858, William Fisch, of St. Louis, received a medal for an 
exhibition of "an artificial leg and arm, which he wore to the Fair Grounds." 
Mr. Overmuller, of Ste. Genevieve, received a premium for "a petrified ham, when 
or how petrified we are not able to ascertain." A prize for "lucifer matches" was 
awarded to the Missouri Match Company, of Hannibal, Mo., and the board of 
directors expressed "gratification that the use of lucifers was becoming general 
throughout the State." 

The first officers of the association were : President, J. R. Barret ; vice- 
presidents, T. Grinisley, A. Harper and Henry Clay Hart; treasurer, H. S. Turner; 
general agent and recording secretary, G. O. Kalb; corresponding secretary, O. W. 
Collett. 



St. Louis Day 145 

THE DEDICATION OF FAIRGROUND PARK 

Notwithstanding the shower just before noon, there assembled to 
participate in the dedication of Fairground Park, 25,000 people. 

Preceding the exercises was a procession with 5,000 in line. The 
parade formed at Twentieth and Salisbury streets, with John H. Gundlach, 
President of the City Council, as Grand Marshal. Police Sergeant H. S. 
Griefield and fifteen mounted men headed the procession, which moved 
at 1 130 p. m., between thousands of spectators along the sidewalks. The 
reviewing stand was located on the spot where the Prince of Wales 
entered the now historic amphitheater in i860 — the amphitheater where 
every prominent person who visited St. Louis during Fair Week of old 
was entertained. 

The dedication of Fairground Park was carried through by an efficient 
organization known as the North St. Louis Fairground Park Patrons' 
Association. 

The route of the parade was over Salisbury street, Vest avenue, Bailey avenue 
and Grand avenue to the park. The formation of the parade, under John H. 
Gundlach, Grand Marshal of the afternoon, was as follows : 

Mounted Police. I3- Preusen Verein. 

Band. 14. Band. 

Grand Marshal and Aides. iS- Turners. 

Industrial Band. 16. Tally-hos, Xin Club, Water Tower Mer- 

School Children. chants. 

Speakers In Carriages.. 17. North St. Louis Citizens' Association, in 

Invited Guests in Carriages. carriages. 

Band. l8. North St. Louis Business Men's Asso- 

"G. A. R." elation, in carriages. 

Sons of Veterans. 19. Dairymen's Association, 150 men, mounted. 

Band. 20. North St. Louis Business Men's Float. 

Singers. 21. Dairymen's Floats. 

In the parade was a great company of children from nine turnverein societies, 
appropriately costumed and from the various North Side public schools. About 
200 pupils from Farragut School were dressed to represent historical and typical 
characters of early St. Louis. Many uniformed G. A. R. men from all the North 
St. Louis posts and Sons of Veterans marched. The civic organizations were well 
represented. 

The program of exercises at the park were as follows : 

1. Band Concert. 10. Address by Hon. John H. Gundlach. 

2. Introduction by Mr. Aug. H. Hoffmann. 11. Song by L^nited Singers of St. Louis. 

3. Song by School Children. 12. Address by Gen'l John W. Noble. 

4. Address by Park Commissioner Scanlan. 13. Presentation of Flag by Ladies Auxil- 

5. Song by United Singers of St. Louis. iary. "G. A. R." to Mr. Aug. H. 

6. Dedicatory Address by Mayor Kreismann. Hoffmann as Chairman of North St. 

7. Music. Louis Fairground Patrons' Associa- 

8. Song by School Children. tion. 

9. Turners, Calisthenics. 14- Music, Star Spangled Banner. 

On the platform were the following invited guests : Superintendent of Instruc- 
tion Ben Blewett; Edgar R. Rombauer, Speaker of the House of Delegates; 
Congressman Richard Bartholdt; former Lieut. Gov. John B. O'Meara, who built 



146 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

practically every road leading to the park; Otto F. Stifel, John F. Collins, John J. 
O'Brien, August Schnell, C. G. Rathman, Comptroller B. J. Taussig, George D. 
Markham and S. B. McPheeters. 

On the stand also were two notable figures — Col. John McFall, who commanded 
the Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry, and Maj. Joseph A. Wherry, city register 
between 1889 and 1893, who was a major in a Missouri regiment in the civil 
war. Both were present at the first fair held on the ground, more than half a 
century ago, and both had attended every fair ever held there until the last one 
in 1903. Maj. Wherry's grandfather, Mackey Wherry, was the first register of 
St. Louis, in 1822, and his father, the late Joseph A. Wherry, was the second 
register, from 1827 to 1843. 

After the school children, dressed in picturesque colonial costumes, depicting 
historic characters, had paid tribute to the Mayor and his associates, the formal 
ceremonies began when August H. Hoffmann, Chairman of the St. Louis Fair 
Ground's Patrons' Association, presented the Park Commissioner, Philip C. Scanlan. 
Congratulating St. Louis upon the latest park acquisition, to which he had in 
no small measure contributed, Mr. Scanlan said: "It is fitting that we should 
be christening this park just as we are about to close a memorable week of 
Centennial Celebration." He then introduced the Mayor of St. Louis. 

The Mayor's "Centennial Week smile" was emphasized by evident appreciation 
as he waited for the outburst of shrill cheers from the masses of school children to 
subside. Mayor Kreismann said : 

It is for the boys and girls of St. Louis that this beautiful park is dedicated. 
Primarily for the children was this ground acquired by the city. Is there one among 
yuu, seeing this grand demonstration for municipal parks, seeing these many happy 
children enjoying the open air, the trees and the grass, who does not feel the 
felicity of the occasion? 

At the conclusion of the dedication speech a pretty scene was presented. At 
the entrance of a roped arena some distance away, appeared the heads of six 
columns of school children. They marched out into the arena, the little girls 
wearing white waists and dark blue skirts, the boys white shirts and dark blue 
trousers. There were approximately 500 of them. They went into the customary 
"take distance" formation of turners, and then, to the music of a band, gave an 
elaborate series of calisthenic exercises. 

Then there was more cheering. The United Singers of St. Louis, 500 strong, 
at a signal from Chairman Hoffman, sang lustily the "Weihe des Gesangs." 

President Gundlach was introduced. He made a short address, in which he 
appealed to all the people to support the present municipal administration, which, 
he said, clearly stood for progress. 

The selection of General John W. Noble for orator of the occasion was most 
happy. To General Noble the Fairground had been known as Benton Barracks. 
As he looked over the heads of his great audience, the General recalled the days 
of 1861-S, when Fort Benton was the great camp of the Northern recruits 
preparatory to real war. He said when he first saw Benton Barracks he was 
an "ignorant adjutant in an ignorant regiment." Even the horses were ignorant, 
for they did not know enough to run away from a cannon. The barracks were 
then used as a school of instruction. A young captain was getting instruction 
on drill. His instructor told him to say "attention" and then "march." The first 
time Strong tried to give the command, he called out, "Company, attention, and then 
march." 



St. Louis Day 147 

Gen. Noble spoke in part as follows : 

On that ground (pointing to where the children had just concluded their turning 
exercises) I was fortunate, as many of you before me were, to parade with the 
soldiers in 1861 and receive instruction. Nothing could be more inspiring than to see 
these children with their flags. Instruction has been the very root of this soil from the 
days O'Fallon gave money to build an agricultural and mechanical institute, devoted 
to production and manufacture. So well did the institution do that Missouri, more 
than any other State, took prices at the Chicago World's Fair. Here the seeds of 
industry were planted, and progress made and studied in every direction. Here it 
was that the great annual fair, showing these products, was started, and an amphitheater 
seating 40,000 people was erected. In i860 the Prince of Wales, now the English 
King, with the Duke of Newcastle, visited here, and a crowd estimated at 140,000 
was attracted. 

But all this progress and industry was interrupted. The war came on, and the 
place was turned into a military school of instruction. Sherman came. He had a 
profound love of country, and was a born soldier, and he turned the school of 
instruction into a powerful military camp. 

After the war these grounds were dedicated anew to the use of fair exhibitions, 
which attracted multitudes. Then the old exposition came along, and the exposition 
was a tap on the old root. Progress has been in great evidence, progress growing 
out of these very grounds, and now I am happy that it has at last been opened to 
the use of all. Yesterday's great procession told not only of the past and present, 
but those thousands of boys told us "we are the future of the United States," and 
what a glowing future it will be. Here the future of the United States may play 
and learn of nature and nature's God. 

The exercises concluded with a presentation by Mrs. Henry Fairback, Depart- 
ment President of the Ladies of the G. A. R., of a beautiful flag, 10x16 feet. 
The presentation was made on behalf of the Lizbeth Noble Circle, No. 4, and the 
John W. Noble Camp, Sons of Veterans. Mrs. Fairback made a presentation 
address and the flag was accepted by Chairman HolTmann. Just as Mrs. Fairback 
closed her remarks the flag was unfurled around her amid cheers. 

The honorary guests of the Fairground dedication exercises were : 
Rolla Wells, Julius S. Walsh, H. M. Coudrey, John F. Collins, 

Geo. D. Markham, Richard Bartholdt, David R. Francis, Ben. Blewett, 

Edward Devoy, Joseph W. Folk, Capt. Robt. McCuUoch, General J. W. Noble. 

Patrick Gill, Gov. H. S. Hadley, C. G. Rathman, And the Presidents of 

Edward Mallinckrodt, Hon. John B. O'Meara, Festus J. Wade, all Civic Associations. 

Edgar R. Rombauer, Otto F. Stifel, Norman J. Colman, 

Under the administration of Rolla Wells as Mayor, Fairground Park had 
been acquired by the city. Julius S. Walsh had been for many years President of 
the Fair during its greatest popularity. 

Officers and Committee Chairmen of the North St. Louis Fairground Patrons' 
Association having charge of the Dedication Ceremonies were: 

Aug. H. Hoffmann, Chairman. 

Otto G. Koenig, Secretary. 

H. W. Huning, Treasurer. 

John H. Gundlach, Grand Marshal. 

Finance Committee — Dr. A. Werth, Chairman. 

Press and Publicity— J. F. O. Reller, Chairman; Theo. Ebeling, Otto G. Kohring. 

Badge Committee — Frank E. Miller, Chairman; Adolph Hoffmann. 

Music Committee — Louis Sicher, Chairman; Louis Essig, A. Globes. 

School Committee — C. H. Osterwish, Chairman. 

Singers' Committee — F. W. Keck, Chairman. 

Turners' Committee — Wm. Roehling, Chairman. 

Victor Handschug, Sergeant-at-Arms. 



148 Sf. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

CURTISS' SURPRISING FLIGHT BETWEEN SHOWERS 

Saturday evening, as the sun was sinking, Glenn H. Curtiss gave the 
most successful and satisfactory flight of Centennial Week. Showers 
earlier in the day had driven all but 5,000 from Forest Park. After a 
heavy shower shortly before five o'clock, it seemed as if further demon- 
stration would be impossible, but at five the wind's velocity dropped to 
about four miles an hour. Curtiss, in response to the appeals of the 
Exhibitors and Contests Committee, consented to attempt a flight. The 
aeroplane was brought out. At 5 :o2, after a preliminary run of less 
than 400 feet down the Park road, Curtiss went immediately to a height 
of 40 feet. This elevation was maintained until he reached the lower 
end of the course. When he arrived at the turning point in the eastern 
extremity of the field, the excitement became intense. 

Before leaving, Curtiss had declared he would merely try a flight 
to the eastern end of the course, but when that was reached he guided 
his machine gracefully to the south and started in a sharp curve on the 
way back. This move was greeted with cheer after cheer from the people 
on the field and the spectators outside. 

When he made the turn, Curtiss was about seventy feet in the air, 
but on the return trip, guiding his craft through the trees, he descended 
to about forty feet, and as he came nearer the starting point he sailed 
for several hundred feet only about twenty-five feet from the ground. 
The conclusion of the flight was even more spectacular than the long sail 
down the course and back again. As the machine came darting up the 
slope at a speed of forty miles an hour it fluttered, hesitated, and then 
sank gracefully to the ground, over which it ran until almost exactly 
upon the spot which it had quitted a minute and a quarter before. 

Jumping from his machine, Curtiss found himself the center of a 
crowd of enthusiastic members of the Aero Club. Dan C. Nugent and 
L. D. Dozier, the men chiefly responsible for the appearance of Curtiss 
here, were the first to reach him when the machine stopped on its wheels 
in front of the club enclosure. Judge Daniel G. Taylor and other promi- 
nent men who had clung to the remnant of hope throughout the after- 
noon that Curtiss would fly, heartily congratulated him. 

Curtiss was seventy-five seconds in the air. He stated his speed was forty 
miles, which made the distance he covered a little more than 8-ioths of a mile. 
He used, for the first time since his arrival here, a four-bladed propeller, instead 
of a two-bladed one. The four blades had a tendency to add to the stability of 
the craft. The rattle of the Curtiss motor began just as the light was fading 
in the western horizon, and just as the early drops of another shower began to 
fall on the yellow surfaces. 



St. Louis Day 



149 



Gaining speed on the ground, the plane passed the line of newspaper tents, 
then rose on a gradual incline until a height of about 40 feet was reached. 
Passing the tree tops on his right, Curtiss drove the air craft toward the east. 
Reaching a point 100 yards from the limits of the field, he began to make his turn. 
It was a delicate operation to twist his steering wheel to the right, enough and 
not too far. To have turned the aeroplane too sharply would have meant 
destruction, Curtiss explained, for the machine would have tilted so high on one 
side that the machine, with no leverage of wind beneath the planes, would have 
slipped off the air sideways and come crashing to earth. 



NIGHT 



THE GET-TOGETHER BANQUET 

Over 1,500 representatives of the forty civic organizations of St. 
Louis occupied seats at the banquet tables in the Coliseum Saturday 
night. Hundreds of visitors were in the balconies. The boxes were 
filled with prominent citizens. Among those who occupied box seats 
were: 

W. Bascom. C. H. Holtcarap, 

J. C. C. Waldeck, J. J. Wertheimer, 

J. Herman Belz, J. E. Stewart, 

W. W. Dings, A. S. Werremeyer, 

John H. Curran, E. C. Zerweck, 

J. J. Kelly, Louis Boeger, 

Dr. J. C. Morfit, A. J. Siegel, 

James Arbuckle, Boyle O. Rodes, 

Joseph Ebeling, E. Picker, 

Col. Martin J. Collins. Henry W. Peters, 

F. C. Lake, V. O. Saunders, 

John J. Schmoll, P. M. Hanson, 

S. D. Jones, C. F. Busche, 

John A. J. Shultz, C. G. Deibel. 

Charles S. Brown, 

Among others who attended the banquet, having seats on the 
speakers' platform, were: E. G. Lewis, Lon Sanders, Mayor 
Kreismann, George D. Markham, Ben Blewett, J. F. O. Reller, Elias 
Michael, Goodman King, G. W. Brown, Edward F. Goltra, Otto Stifel. 
Many of the visiting Mayors were present. 

The Executive Committee in charge of the banquet was : 

P. M. Hanson, Chairman, E. J. Troy, Secretary. 

J. A. J. Shultz, C. F. Busche, Owen Miller, 

C. F. Wenneker, Otto F. Stifel, Carl Schlapp, 

J. J. Schmoll, A. S. Werremeyer, B. Westhus, 

E. E. Scharff, Otto F. Karbe, O. L. Whitelaw, 

I. H. Sawyer, Leo A. Landau, 



George Warren Brown, 
Leo. A. Landau. 
Henry F. Hafner, 
F. W. Harris, 
Otto F. Stifel, 
L H. Sawyer, 
A. N. Stanley, 
H. Brinsmade, 
H. W. Kroeger, 
George P. Doan, 
D. W. Pomeroy, 
Meyer Bauman, 
John H. Boogher, 
Louis Spelbrink, 
F. R. Henry, 



^^^ St- Louts One Hundred Years in a Week 

The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra gave an elaborate musical program during 
the meal, and the St. Louis Centennial Glee Club sang an original composition 
written as a tribute to St. Louis. 

At the conclusion of the dinner, Peter M. Hanson introduced J. A. J. Shultz, 
President of the Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Shultz, after a brief speech 
upon the achievements and the prospects of St. Louis, when united for a common 
purpose, introduced the chairman of the evening, Mayor Frederick H. Kreismann. 
The Mayor received an ovation from the guests, and it was several minutes before 
he was able to get order. 

His first statements were an expression of thanks, on behalf of himself and the 
city to the business men of St. Louis who have been active in making the Centennial 
a success. There was a note of sentiment in his voice when he alluded to two 
gatherings of children, one at the Coliseum and the other on Art Hill, last Sunday. 

"These children," he said, "gave us evidences of the hope and pride and 
ambition of those who will control the destinies of St. Louis for the next loo years." 

The Mayor then read the following telegram from Governor Herbert S, Hadley, 
at Jefferson City : 

Mr. P. M. Hanson, Chairman Executive Committee: 

Very deeply regret that important official matters unexpectedly will prevent my 
being present at banquet tonight. Sincerely hope occasion will assist business interests 
in St. Louis to "Get-Together," and work for development of Missouri's undeveloped 
resources and consequent advancement of the population and wealth of the City of 
St. Louis. 

HERBERT S. HADLEY, Governor. 

Mayor Kreismann presented Mr. Charles Piez, of the Illinois Manufacturers' 
Association, whose address was upon "Co-operation." 

Resolutions offered by Leo A. Landau, Chairman of the Conference Committee, 
providing for a Central Civic Committee composed of the presidents and secretaries 
of the forty-two organizations represented at the banquet were adopted: 

There are in the City of St. Louis fifty or more organizations whose purpose is to 
promote anything that will tend to the advancement of the city. More efficient 
results can be obtained by co-operation and unity of action. Every organization 
ought to know when any movement for the general advancement of the city is 
about to be launched, so that it might lend Its strength for the accomplishing of 
that object. Such unity of purpose will be a guarantee of success. Therefore, be it 
Resolved, By the members of St. Louis organizations attending the "Get-Together" 
banquet on the last day of the great Centennial celebration, that a permanent organiza- 
tion be formed, to consist of the president and secretary of each civic organization. 
This organization shall meet monthly, or at such periods as it may otherwise provide. 
At such meetings any organization may announce its intention to carry out any 
plans that will promote the interests of St. Louis, inviting other organizations, if 
interested or of like mind, to join in such movement for the general good of the 
whole city. 

The ultimate object of such co-operation is to provide for a complete union of 
all organizations with one common purpose, to push St. Louis "To the Front," 
and keep it there. 

This assemblage tonight shall elect a temporary president of the new organization, 
who shall call a meeting of those presidents and secretaries, at which time other 
officers shall be elected and by-laws adopted. 

And in order to facilitate the inauguration of the plans above outlined, your 
committee would recommend the selection of a temporary president to organize these 
forces, with a view of eifecting a permanent association. 



St. Louis Day 1^1 

In seconding the motion to adopt the resolution, P. M. Hanson, Chairman of 
the Executive Committee, nominated A. D. Brown for the temporary presidency. 
In spite of his protest, Mr. Brown was elected unanimously. Walking up to the 
chairman of the evening, the shoe manufacturer obtained the floor. 

"In accepting this office, although I do so reluctantly," Mr. Brown said, "I think 
it is useless to waste any time in starting to work. St. Louis is the fourth city 
in the United States in size. It is fifth in manufacturing. That ought not to be. 
I'll be one of fifty men to pledge $10,000 to a campaign for bringing manufactories 
to St. Louis. Who'll be the second?" 

The appeal caught. In a second there were cries for other volunteers. Quickly 
the names of three others were added. Just at that moment former Governor 
Francis appeared. The matter was broached to him. 

"Certainly," he said. "If forty-nine other men are willing to pledge $10,000 
toward the great material development of St. Louis, and this seems to be the 
very best way to assure it, I'm willing to pledge a like amount." 

Mr. Francis' name, accordingly, was enrolled upon the list. Mayor Kreismann 
asked the former Governor to address the banqueters upon the subject. Assenting 
to the request, the former Governor talked for a few minutes of the growth of 
St. Louis, and of the duty of public-spirited men to support any intelligently 
directed enterprise that seemed to make for her further advancement. 

The seven men who pledged the $70,000 were A. D. Brown, Elias Michael, 
George Warren Brown, Henry W. Peters, former Governor David R. Francis. 
Sigmund Baer and Julius Seidel. 

Mayor Lewis, of University City, and the Reverend Jacob E. Meeker were 
called upon by the Mayor. The former's subway scheme evoked much applause. 
Doctor Meeker made a forceful plea for the united effort of business men to 
support the city's every enterprise. 

Former Governor Joseph W. Folk won an ovation in a brief talk upon the 
reform element in St. Louis' growth. 

These talks were the conclusion of the Centennial. As he announced the Get- 
Together banquet ended. Mayor Kreismann said : "A new century has begun." 

The musical program of the evening, by the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, 
Frederick Fischer, conductor, was : 

1. Entrance of the "Boyars" Halverson 

2. Overture, "Orpheus" Offenbach 

3. Selection from "Faust" Gounod 

4. Waltz. "Gold and Silver" Lehar 

5. American Airs Fischer 

6. Two German Marches, "Flag of Victory" Kraal 

"Hoch Habsburg" Von Blon 

7. Cornet Solo, "Columbia Polka" Rollinson 

Mr. John Bainbridge. 

8. (o) Excerpts from "El Capitan" Sousa 

(b) March, "The Stars and Stripes" Sousa 

9. The Ride of the Valkyries Wagner 

10. (o) "Punchinello" ...Herbert 

(6) "Americana" Herbert 

11. Selection, "The Bat" Strauss 



152 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The Get-Together banquet was under the auspices of the Missouri Manufacturers' 
Association. The details were successfully arranged and carried through by a 
committee, the members of which were the presidents and secretaries of forty 
organizations, as follows : 

J. A. J. Shultz, Chairman; President Missouri Manufacturers' Association. 
Edward J. Troy, Secretary; Secretary Missouri Manufacturers* Association. 

Associate Chairmen. Associate Secretaries. 

E. E. Scharff, President Merchants' E.xchange Geo. H. Morgan 

C. F. Wenneker, President Million Population Club Otto F. Karbe 

J. E. Smith, President Business Men's League W. R. Saunders 

J. L. Hornsby, President Civic League .Mayo Fesler 

E. E. Evans, President Interstate Merchants Association V. O. Saunders 

E. B. Filsinger, President Latin American and Foreign Trade Association. . .James Arbuckle 
T. H. McKittrick, President Merchants Transportation Association 

Julius Seidel, President Lumbermen's Club John B. Kesler 

R. F. Phillips, President St. Louis Cotton Exchange L. N. Van Hook 

A. O. Rule, President Real Estate Exchange R. G. Scott 

J. R. Massengale, President Lumbermen's Exchange A. H. Bush 

J. E. Stewart, President St. Louis Fruit and Produce Exchange H. J. Sellmeyer 

Hanford Crawford, President St. Louis Commercial Club A. L. Shapleigh 

I. H. Sawyer, President Advertising Men's League F. L. Osborne 

M. J. Mulvihill, President Retail Furniture Dealers' Association E. Reed Flint 

Godfrey Wolf, President St. Louis Retail Grocers' Association F. M. Harris 

J. W. Estes, President Life Underwriters' Association W. C. Flynn 

F. C. Rand, Pres't St. Louis Shoe Manufacturing and Jobbing Association. .J. F. Heim 

Dr. J. C. Morfit, Chairman Joint Medical Council Dr. John Green, Jr. 

C. R. Renner, President Retail Druggists' Association Wm. A. Busch 

J. W. Westcott, President Walnut Park Improvement Association T. A. Myers 

A. W. Biggs, President Eleventh Ward Improvement Association O. T. Remmers 

O. F. Karbe, President Tenth Ward Improvement Association F. C. Freiberg 

C. F. Busche, President North St. Louis Business Men's Association J. H. Sommerich 

C. P. Strother, President West End Business Men's Association E. M. Wolff 

J. M. Rollins, President Tower Grove Heights Improvement Association. .. .G. W. Coombes 

Taylor Stith, President Carondelet Business Men's Association H. A. Chapin 

H. B. Sparks, President St. Louis Millers' Club P. H. Litchfield 

A. N. Stanley, President Motor Accessories Association T. W. Benoist 

George W. Bunley, President Laundrymen's Association James L. Munger 

Warren Goddard, President St. Louis Wholesale Grocers' Association G. J. Schulte 

O'Neill Ryan, President Bar Association of St. Louis S. B. McPheetcrs 

O. G. Selden, President Building Industries' Association F. W. Choisel 

F. E. Norwine, President St. Louis Credit Men's Association A. H. Foote 

Herman Mauch, President St. Louis Retail Jewelers' Association E. C. Zerweck 

Owen Miller, President Central Trades and Labor Union David Kreyling 

Ed. E. Wall, President Engineers' Club of St. Louis A. S. Langsdorf 

N. P. Zimmer, President South- Western Merchants' Association M. J. Kredell 

L. F. Hammer, Pres't South Broadway Merchants' and Manfacturers' Ass'n. .L. E. Kaltwasser 

Eugene S. Klein, President St. Louis Architectural Club Albert Aegter 

Henry Boardman, President St. Louis Paint, Oil and Drug Club L. Brouster 

F. C. Lake, President Associated Retailers' Association J. H. Buettner 

Leo A. Landau, President Franklin Avenue Merchants' Association Dave Blum 

A. S. Werremeyer, President Missouri Retail Merchants' Association L. C. Eberling 

G. C. Diederich, President St. Louis Furniture Board of Trade G. A. Mellon 



THE PUBLICITY 



A SIX MONTHS' CAMPAIGN 

The work of the Publicity Committee was a continuous performance 
from early in May to the close of Centennial Week. The organization 
of this committee was : 



Saunders Norvell, Chairman, 



Miller Hageman, Secretary, 
John A. Peitzmeier, 
Edward L. Preetorius, 
W. F. Saunders, 
I. H. Sawyer, 
Charles Scudder, Jr., 
R. W. Shapleigh, 
J. C. Small, 
I. T. Steinberg, 
E. J. Troy, 
Walter B. Woodward. 



C. V. Anderson, Waller Edwards, 

R. E. Bassett, E. E. Evans, 

Homer Bassford, Ernst B. Filsinger, 

A. A. Beckmann, Frank Gaiennie, 

J. B. Bernoudy, L. M. Harris, 

J. W. Booth, A. Von Hoffmann, 

O. K. Bovard, L. P. Huey, 

W. V. Brumby, John W. Kearney, 

Henry N. Cary, Henry King, 

William Clendenin, J. W. Nourse, 
J. T. Pedigo, 

When the six months' campaign was ended, the Publicity Committee 
had no cause for regrets. The multitudes, beyond expectation, had come; 
they had been fairly treated and well entertained ; they had gone away 
satisfied and saying good words for the city. But beyond the temporary 
success were enduring results. For the first time had been demonstrated 
the tremendous force for publicity possible through the great army of 
traveling men. St. Louis has an association of sales managers as one of 
the significant accomplishments of the Publicity Committee. The material 
sent out from week to week was of such standard as won consideration 
by the editors of the best classes of newspapers. It coupled with the 
features of the celebration program, the salient facts of the city's century. 
It made St. Louis — the St. Louis which has come forward since the 
World's Fair — known to the whole nation. It illuminated the evolution 
of the most American city. 



REPORT OF THE PUBLICITY COMMITTEE 

The Publicity Committee was created for two purposes, viz. : 

1. To encourage persons living outside of St. Louis to attend the 
St. Louis Centennial celebration. 

2. To use the Centennial celebration as a lever for the extension of 
the city's reputation. 



l.-)4 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



Every piece of publicity matter which aimed to attract visitors aimed also to 
impress the true magnitude of St. Louis. Furthermore, "copy" was sent not only 
to all newspapers in the trade territory, but to every important newspaper in 
every country in the world. We realized that few if any visitors from England, 
Germany, France, Spain, Italy, China, Japan, etc., could be expected, but equally 
realized that St. Louis Centennial matter appearing in important newspapers of 
those and other countries would tend to increase the city's prestige. 

Of course, the Dominion of Canada and all of the Latin-American countries 
received particular attention. Two special articles in Spanish were sent to every 
newspaper in Mexico and Cuba, and each of the ninety daily newspapers in 
Central and South America. Letters received by this committee from foreign lands 
testify to the beneficial effect of this work. For instance, a letter from the Hon. 
A T Haeberle, American Consul at Manzanillo, Mex., closes as follows : 

•'I can mention one result of the Centennial: St. Louis has gained in reputation 
and has attracted attention to its rapid development all through the Republic of 
Mexico." . , , J 

The f^rst article which we issued featured the aeronautic events, but included 
the full Centennial Week program as far as then arranged. Five thousand copies 
were sent to as many newspapers, including most of the newspapers of the St. Louis 
trade territory and every important newspaper in the world, excepting those in 
Germany and France. To the important newspapers of France was sent a special 
article, featuring the prominence of the French in the history of St. Louis. 
Another special article, featuring the immense German population in St. Louis, 
was translated into the German language and sent to every important news- 
paper published in that language in both the United States and Germany. 

With each of these three articles went a half-tone print of the St. Louis-sky- 
scrapers-from-a-balloon photograph taken by H. Eugene Honeywell, and venr 
kindly tendered by him to this committee for use in exploiting the Centenniah A 
score of prominent newspapers, including the Chicago Tribune, Washmgton Pos. 
Baltimore American, Cincinnati Enquirer, Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, BM 
Courier, Boston Traveler and Los Angeles Herald, promptly wrote or telegraphed 
for the skyscrapers photograph and any other good Centennial photographs. All 
such requests were promptly honored. 

Th*- extent to which this first Centennial matter was used is shown by 
a report of Waller Edwards, whose house, Nelson Chesman and Company, 
gratuitously checked up, for this committee, out-of-town newspapers. Mr. Edwards 
report relates only to American newspapers. The articles were widely used abroad 
Marked copies of German, English and other foreign newspapers, containing all 
or part of one of these articles, have come to this committee. For instance, the 
American Register, published in London, devoted a column and a half to the bt. 
Louis Centennial. The Paris Herald and other French newspapers discussed it 
and Charles A. Stix, of St. Louis, who happened to be in Paris, was so impressed 
by the amount of publicity that the Centennial was receiving abroad that 
he forwarded a clipping to this committee with a note expressing his gratification. 
Other instances of foreign interest in the Centennial are the Mexican Herald, the 
leading English newspaper of Mexico City, Mexico, which used three columns 
on the first page, with the skyscrapers-from-a-balloon picture; the Times, of Sidney, 
Australia, which spent three-quarters of a column on the Centennial; and the Ttmes. 
of India, published in Bombay, which took the trouble to write to this committee 
for photographs to illustrate an article on the Centennial. 



The Publicity • 155 

Two articles featuring the religious ceremonies of Centennial Week, but inci- 
dentally mentioning all other important events, were sent to the 550 religious 
publications in the United States and Canada. The checking up by Nelson Chesman 
and Company shows that these religious articles were used generally. The second 
of the religious articles, re-arranged slightly, was sent also to 1,000 daily news- 
papers. 

Matrices, enabling newspapers having stereotyping plants to illustrate Centennial 
articles at practically no expense to them, were sent out every few days. The 
United States contains about 600 newspapers prominent enough to have such plants. 
The total number of United States cities containing such plants is about 240. 
Canada has eleven such cities, having twenty-eight such newspapers. It was our 
policy throughout the Centennial publicity campaign to make most of the articles 
which we sent out exclusive to a paper in each city. "Not duplicated in your 
city," is the promise which we made to the editors and kept. For instance, one 
newspaper in each of the 240 American cities and eleven Canadian cities afore- 
mentioned received a matrix of the photograph of St. Louis skyscrapers-from-a- 
balloon, and a reading notice. To the same cities, but another paper wherever 
there was another paper equipped to use matrices, we sent a matrix of a photo- 
graph of the City Hall, taken from a balloon, and a reading notice. 

We sent out matrices of those newspaper cartoons which, in our judgment, 
were sufficient!}' national in scope to assure their use in a fair percentage of out- 
of-town newspapers. Among the cartoons thus sent out was that of the Globe- 
Democrat showing Rheims and St. Louis on a base-ball scoreboard and Uncle Sam 
advising elated Europe to "Just wait till my side goes to bat;" that of the Post- 
Dispatch, entitled "Follow the Eagle," showing Curtiss flying to America' on an 
Eagle-shaped aeroplane with the Europeans following (a Centennial line being 
inserted beneath the cartoon), and that of the Globe-Democrat showing St. Louis 
dancing in the midst of sister cities and States on his looth birthday. In each 
case a credit line for the home paper was used. Of course, each matrix was 
accompanied by an article which the matrix could be used to illustrate. For 
instance, with the Curtiss matrix went an article announcing that the public would 
not be required to pay an admission fee to see the Centennial Week aeroplane flights 
of Curtiss and others. 

Every daily newspaper in as many of the 3,000 cities from which it was sought 
to invite Mayors as have dailies, and every weekly newspaper in each of those 
cities that have no dailies, received a copy of an article describing the plans for 
the entertainment of the Mayors, etc. The 100 leading newspapers received with 
the article a Strauss photographic print of Mayor Kreismann. The other $00 
dailies having stereotyping plants received matrices of the Mayor's portrait. Our 
theory, which seems proven correct, was that the majority of the 3,000 cities con- 
tained at least one editor enterprising enough to inquire and ascertain that his Mayor 
had been invited or at least had received the letter preliminary to the invitation, 
and then use the story, in many cases with a "local lead." 

Two articles on the torpedo boat flotilla were sent out. Each went to one 
newspaper in each of 1,000 cities. The first went to one newspaper in each of 
1,000 cities in the St. Louis trade territory, or about all of those cities which 
have a newspaper. The second, which was more national in scope, went to one 
newspaper in each of 1,000 cities in the United States. Accompanying the second 



156 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

article to those of the i.ooo newspapers able to use matrices, or "mats." as they 
are popularly known, went a matrix bearing, in addition to the illustration, this 
title : 

"United States Torpedo Boat Destroyer MacDonough, flagship of the flotilla 
which, after participating in the St. Louis Centennial celebration, October 3d to 
9th. inclusive, will escort President Taft from St. Louis to the Lakes-to-the-Gulf 
Deep Waterway Convention at New Orleans." 

We thought that the use of the President's name would not only be a compliment 
to him and to the Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway Association, whose officers 
were sacrificing valuable time to aid the Centennial celebration, but would increase 
the chances for the use of the matrix in seaport cities, where a torpedo boat 
destroyer is a very commonplace thing. 

"From Keelboat to Aeroplane." an article reviewing the progress in trans- 
portation in the 100 years of the city's corporate life, was sent to a newspaper in 
each of 500 of the more important cities, a newspaper in each of the sixty most 
important cities receiving with it three 8xio-inch photographs, one showing the 
thirty founders of St. Louis and their keelboat, another showing one of the 
aeroplanes invited to compete in the Centennial Week aeroplane race, and another 
showing St. Louis then and now. 

An article on the customs of St. Louis 100 years ago was sent to 1.000 news- 
papers in as many cities, the matrix of St. Louis dancing on his looth birthday 
going with this article to those of the 1,000 newspapers able to use it, the forty 
most important of these newspapers receiving also photographs of St. Louis then 
and now. 

The Veiled Prophet and his removal to a new palace, the Coliseum, to accom- 
modate the visiting Mayors, was the subject of an article sent to a newspaper in 
each of 1,000 cities. Those of the 1,000 newspapers equipped with stereotj'ping 
plants received with the article a matrix of the Veiled Prophet crowning his queen, 
drawn especially for this committee by Alfred Russell. 

The article on Curtiss, mentioned above in connection with the cartoon, entitled 
"Follow the Eagle," went to 5,000 newspapers, the same newspapers to which the 
article on the Mayors was sent. Also accompanying this article to the 100 most 
important newspapers went photographs of Curtiss and his aeroplane. Accom- 
panying this and several of the other later articles was a list of St. Louis Centen- 
nial free-to-all events, prepared in the shape of newspaper "copy," and prefaced 
with this note : 
"Dear Mr. Editor: 

"This list of the Centennial events to which the public will be admitted free 
of charge, and without special invitations, is furnished to j-ou with the sug- 
gestion that you use it in a box. ^y^^ ^^,y y^^^^_ 

"Saunders Nor\txl, 
"Chairman Publicity Committee." 
A note from the chairman, sometimes informal as above, sometimes formal and 
on a separate sheet of paper and bearing the chairman's original or fac-simile 
signature, accompanied each of the many thousands of copies of Centennial articles 
sent out to newspapers. 

Of the list of free-to-all events above mentioned were 10,000 copies, some 
newspapers, doubtless, receiving several copies of the list with as many diflferent 
articles. 



The Publicity 157 

Other articles sent out included one featuring the written pledge of the Hotel 
Men's Association not to raise the rates Centennial Week, this article being sent 
to about 3.000 newspapers; one on the spherical balloon race, sent to 1,500 news- 
papers, and one on the airship race, sent to 1,000 newspapers. The more important 
newspapers received with the balloon and airship articles appropriate photographs. 

The Gould Directory Company furnished this committee 250,000 official Cen- 
tennial post-cards in part payment for the official Centennial post-card privilege, 
and these 250.000 cards were furnished gratis by this committee to traveling sales- 
men on the basis of 100 for each salesman, to be used as advance cards. Half a 
million stickers bearing the words "Going to St. Louis Centennial, October 3d to 
pth," and intended for use by traveling salesmen on hotel registers after signature, 
were provided gratis on the basis of 100 for each salesman. A letter from Chair- 
man Norvell, urging co-operation in the exploitation of the Centennial, was 
addressed to the St. Louis traveling salesmen and forwarded to them through the 
St. Louis Sales Managers' Association, an offspring of the Publicity Committee. 

Chairman Norvell conceived the idea of forming an association of sales man- 
agers, and through them enlisting the aid of the traveling salesmen in a united 
effort to exploit the Centennial celebration and other public-spirited undertakings 
having as their object the welfare of the people of St. Louis as a whole. Mr. 
Norvell called the sales managers together June i6th, at the Mercantile Club, and 
outlined his ideas, which were endorsed by unanimous vote. The sixty repre- 
sentatives of important wholesale houses who attended this first meeting further 
voted in favor of forming a permanent association, and elected Mr. Norvell tem- 
porary chairman. When the time for permanent organization came, Mr. Norvell 
relinquished the chairmanship, explaining that in his judgment he was not entitled 
to membership in the organization because he was not a sales manager. The 
meeting then selected as the president of the new association R. W. Shapleigh. 
The St. Louis Sales Managers' Association aided materially the Publicity Com- 
mittee in the distribution of official Centennial post-cards, stickers and other 
literature, and official Centennial pins, one of which this committee provided gratis 
to every St. Louis traveling salesman willing to wear it. 

The most widely circulated kind of Centennial advertising matter was the insert, 
intended for enclosure by wholesale houses in letters, catalogues, etc. Through 
several hundred St. Louis wholesale houses about 1,700,000 of these Centennial inserts, 
having on one side an invitation to attend the Centennial celebration, and on the 
other side a condensed program of the week's events, were distributed. Like the other 
kinds of Centennial advertising matter, these inserts, of course, were provided gratis 
to those wholesale houses willing to use them. The "copy" was changed for each 
run of 100,000 or 150,000 or 200,000. The inserts were alphabetical in the sense that 
the first of the series had A as its initial letter, the second of the series B, and 
so on. There were 210,000 copies of "1," which announced the engagement of 
Curtiss, and 200,000 copies of a later insert without an initial letter, announcing 
Cook and Curtiss. The publicity bureau of the Merchants' Exchange requested and 
received 20,000 copies of a specially prepared insert. 

In addition to the 1,700,000 inserts for letters, etc., about 150,000 special inserts 
for packages were printed and distributed. 

No firm was allowed more inserts or other Centennial matter than it would 
agree to use, and one employe of this committee spent virtually all of his time 
calling upon wholesale houses not only to supply more matter where desired, but 
to keep track of matter already furnished, and, where concerns already possessed 



1.58 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

more than they could handle, remove the surplus to some other house that could 
use it. 

At our suggestion, several of the most important envelope manufacturers in 
the city put on the market an envelope, the back (seam side) of which was 
covered with a Centennial announcement, including a condensed program of the 
big week. Business houses willing to use such Centennial envelopes were not 
charged extra for them, the Centennial printing being donated by the envelope 
manufacturers. One manufacturer reports having disposed of about half a million 
of these envelopes. 

Several hundred cuts, some showing the Honeywell photograph of St. Louis 
skyscrapers-from-a-balloon and others showing the view of the Niehaus Statue 
of St. Louis which had been adopted as the official emblem of the Centennial 
celebration, were issued gratis by this committee to those publications, daily, weekly 
or monthly, expressing willingness to use them. The cuts of the statue of St. 
Louis, having on the base the inscription "St. Louis Centennial Week, October 
3d to 9th, 1909," were used by loyal St. Louisans in house organs, trade papers, 
magazines, etc., and by railroads in Centennial announcements in their folders, etc. 
The skyscrapers cuts were used used not only by the same classes of publications but 
by newspapers in other cities. On request, several were sent to foreign countries, 
including Cuba, Mexico and Canada. These cuts were fine or coarse screen, 
depending upon whether desired for newspaper or other use. 

The railroads generously acceded to the requests of this committee for 
co-operation in the exploitation of the Centennial. Virtually all of the roads running 
into St. Louis donated space in their folders for display announcements, and many 
of them issued fliers and posters and ran display advertisements in newspapers. 
Even the National Railways, of Mexico, ran in the important newspapers of the 
Republic of Mexico large display advertisements offering special rates to St. Louis 
on account of Centennial Week. A copy of one of these advertisements, clipped 
from a Mexico City newspaper, was forwarded to this committee by the Hon. 
Arnold Shanklin, American Consul-Gcneral to Mexico, who with the Hon. Arminius 
T. Haeberle. American Consul at Manzanillo, Mexico, rendered this committee 
valuable aid in interesting the Mexican railways and otherwise exploiting the 
Centennial. 

Four official Centennial post-cards, bearing in four letters — one letter on each 
of the cards — an invitation to the Centennial celebration, were mailed at intervals 
to the chief clerks of 6,000 hotels, including every reputable hotel in the St. Louis 
trade territory, every reputable hotel in every city of 20.000 population or more 
in the LTnited States and Canada, and ever}- reputable hotel in Mexico, Cuba. 
London, Paris and Berlin. The first card mailed — that showing the founding of 
St. Louis — contained, in the space for correspondence, a big red "C." The second 
card — that showing Honeywell's picture of St. Louis skyscrapers, taken from a 
balloon-— bore, in the correspondence space, an equally big red "O." The big red 
letter on the third card — that showing the international aeronautic meet in St. 
Louis in 1907 — was '"M." And the fourth card — that picturing Uncle Sam cheering 
a Centennial announcement — carried a big red "E" on the correspondence side, and, 
on the reverse side — the Uncle Sam side — also in red ink, the words : "AND 
SHARE THE FUN." The cards for America were mailed a day apart ; the cards 
for Europe sufficiently far apart to catch different steamers. 

Following the "E" card to the 6,000 chief clerks went a hanger, entitled "St. 
Louis from a Balloon," containing a fine half-tone reproduction of the skjscrapers- 



The Publicity 159 

from-a-balloon photograph, an announcement of the engagement of Curtiss, and a 
condensed program of the big week's doings. As each chief clerk unrolled his 
copy of this hanger, after withdrawing it from the tube, he met a slip of paper, 
inscribed, "Please hang this in a conspicuous place." Travelers report that this 
request usually was granted. One knight of the road told the writer of having 
read the wording on the hanger from beginning to end a dozen times in as many 
towns, and having longed in vain to "come and share the fun." as the hanger 
commanded him. 

Each Mayor accepting an invitation to the celebration received, for his own 
information, one of the "St. Louis-from-a-Balloon" hangers. The remainder of a 
total of 10,000 of these hangers were sent through wholesale houses to country 
merchants, etc. 

At the suggestion of the Veiled Prophet's organization, the Centennial Associa- 
tion furnished to the railroads 25,000 Veiled Prophet-Centennial hangers in colors, 
for use in railway stations outside of the radius covered by the Prophet's organiza- 
tion. 

The success of the Centennial publicity campaign was due not only to the work 
of the Publicity Committee as a whole, but to the splendid work of its sub-com- 
mittees. 

W. F. Saunders, as chairman of the sub-committee on railroad rates, obtained 
reduced rates on account of the Centennial celebration from virtually all of the 
States constituting the trade territory, and from some States outside, and from the 
Republic of Mexico and the Dominion of Canada. 

I. H. Sawyer, as chairman of the sub-committee on house organs, induced the 
majority of the St. Louis house organs to donate space for Centennial advertise- 
ments. 

The sub-committee on railroad periodical literature rendered valuable assistance 
in enlisting the co-operation of railroads. Much credit is due all of the members 
of this sub-committee, which consisted of L. M. Harris, chairman; R. E. Bassett, 
J. B. Bernoudy, J. W. Booth, L. P. Huey, J. W. Nourse and J. C. Small. 

E. J. Troy, as chairman of the committee on design for official badge, 
induced a number of firms to submit designs in competition, with the result that the 
miniature statue of St. Louis mounted on a base bearing the one word "Centen- 
nial" was adopted. 

Albert von Hoffmann donated his services as chairman of a committee on 
official pin, and the miniature statue and inscription, issued in the shape of an 
official Centennial pin, earned for the Centennial celebration not only much valuable 
publicity but about $2,000 in money. 

As chairman of the sub-committee on Latin-American publicity, E. F. Filsinger 
prepared the second of the two articles in Spanish and otherwise aided in the 
exploitation of the Centennial celebration in Latin- America. 

Scores of loyal men, women, children and organizations carried Centennial 
literature to conventions, summer resorts, etc. These even included a clergyman, 
the Rev. Jacob E. Meeker, who scattered Centennial literature all the way from St. 
Louis to the Pacific Coast. The Advertising Men's League did great work during 
its convention at Louisville, where a large Centennial banner was displayed. 

Business houses of St. Louis generally aided this committee loyally by inserting 
Centennial inserts in outgoing mail matter and allowing their traveling salesmen 
to use official Centennial post-cards, Centennial stickers for hotel registers, etc. 

And while paying honor to whom honor is due, let us not forget the St. Louis 
newspapers, which with one accord loyally co-operated with this committee. Many 



160 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

of the facts publication of which aided in arousing interest in the celebration may 
have been of ordinary news-value, but the St. Louis newspapers printed them, 
column after column, day after day, week after week, month after month, gradually 
awakening in this city, as well as in neighboring cities in which these papers circu- 
late, a realization of the magnitude of the celebration. 

The Publicity Committee meetings began May 13th, and continued weekly 
throughout the summer. At the meeting of the committee held August nth, 
general plans for the expenditure of the publicity fund having been completed, 
a committee of three, consisting of Saunders Norvell, Chairman ; C. V. Anderson 
and Waller Edwards, was constituted to supervise the remainder of the work. 
So the meeting of August nth was the last one of the general committee, the 
committee of three meeting regularly once a week thereafter until the celebration. 

And those crowds which blocked the downtown streets, swarmed over the tops 
of the cars, and drove that complaining St. Louisan to a strange dinner, were the 
cause of our unbounded joy. Miller Hageman, 

Secretary Publicity Committee. 



PUBLICITY WORK CHECKED BY EXPERTS 

That part of the Publicity Committee's work relating to out-of-town 
newspapers was twice checked by experts. Wishing expert testimony 
as to the treatment accorded Centennial matter by newspapers of other 
cities, the Publicity Committee, early in September, requested a checking 
under the supervision of one of the large advertising firms. This checking 
was the subject of a report, dated September 16, as follows: 
To the Publicity Committee : 

In reference to the use which newspapers have made of articles sent 
out by your committee advertising the features of Centennial Week, I 
have had them generally checked over by the checking force in the office 
of Nelson Chesman Advertising Company and find : 

Of S.ooo newspapers to which was sent the first or general article 
covering all the features of Centennial Week, 2,787 papers were found to 
have used either all or the substance of the article. Most of them carried 
editorial comment also. 

Of 700 religious newspapers to which was sent the religious feature 
article, and which also carried a description of the general features of the 
Centennial Celebration, 618 used all or parts of the article, and almost 
without exception these carried some editorial reference to Centennial 
Week. 

Of the 228 papers in which the matrix of the photograph of St. Louis 
skyscrapers taken from a balloon was sent, 193 either used the cut as 
sent or made an agreeable notice of it. 

One hundred and seventy-one of 228 papers ran the cut sent out of the 
City Hall taken from a balloon or ran a news items concerning it. 

Of other matter more recently sent out, complete checking has not 
been made, and these articles will be made the subject of a later report. 

Waller Edwards, 
Member Publicity Committee. 



The Publicity 161 

FINAL REPORT ON PUBLICITY CHECKING 

The second and final checking, which necessarily took place after 
the close of Centennial Week, resulted in the following report: 
To the Publicity Committee: 

By courtesy of the Nelson Chesman Advertising Company, which 
receives pubHcations from all over the wrorld, I have been enabled to check 
the publicity work of the Centennial Association to the end of Centennial 
Week, October 9, 1909. 

Of the 19,000 daily and weekly papers printed in the United States, 
the checking shows that 2,254 dailies and 12,121 weeklies used matter 
furnished through the Publicity Committee. 

Of the 1,140 daily and weekly newspapers printed in Canada, ninety-two 
dailies and 426 weeklies used matter supplied by your bureau. 

Nearly all papers, besides printing news and descriptive matter, con- 
tained editorials commenting favorably on St. Louis, its progress and 
hospitality, recalling in not few instances the World's Fair and the excellent 
treatment accorded the visitors here in 1904, the point being that the 
reputation of the city made during the World's Fair period assured the 
character of Centennial Week. 

No attempt has been made to check definitely matter in semi-monthly, 
monthly, class and foreign publications because of the labor involved. 
But hundreds of these publications printed articles prepared and sent 
out by the Publicity Bureau. I am able to state this, as our force of 
checkers almost daily called my attention to such periodicals or sent 
them to my desk. Among the foreign papers printing Centennial matter 
were Mexican, Colombian and Brazilian. In particular I noted the space 
given by the Argentine press. English, German, French, Italian, Austrian 
and Russian papers printed Centennial matter. The English print papers of 
Shanghai, Hongkong, Yokohama, noticed the celebration pleasantly. 

Waller Edwards, 
Member Publicity Committee. 



THE CENTENNIAL PIN 

I herewith tender my report of the work of the Pin Committee, of 
which I had the honor to be appointed chairman. 

On May 21st I made a suggestion to Hon. F. H. Kreismann, President of the 
Centennial Association, to have pins and membership cards issued. This suggestion 
was referred to the Executive Committee, and Mr. Saunders Norvell, as acting 
chairman, turned this matter over to the Publicity Committee. Negotiations were 
made with different manufacturers, and they were asked to submit propositions for 
handling these pins. As no St. Louis concern would accept the conditions named, 
it would have been necessary to give the contract to an outside concern. I made 
a proposition, on July 20th, to handle this matter and give the Centennial Associa- 
tion 60 per cent of the net receipts. On July 21st I received a letter from Walter 
B. Stevens, in which he informed me that my proposition was accepted. On the 



162 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

same day, at a meeting of the officials of the National Telephone Directory Co., 
of which company I am general manager, it was decided that I should handle this 
matter, and that my services should be given gratis to this good cause, and that 
our company should advance all money necessary. After having devoted two pages 
of advertising matter pertaining to the Centennial celebration in each telephone 
directory we publish, which amounted to over $3,000, this action of the board of the 
National Telephone Directory Co. was very gratifying to me. On July 22d I 
received a letter from Saunders Norvell, acting chairman of the Executive 
Committee, in which he informed me that I was appointed chairman of the sub- 
committee of the Publicity Committee, and I immediately placed orders for pins 
and membership cards. My report shows that a total of 43.650 pins were pur- 
chased, and that 8,201 pins are on hand. That the total cash receipts amount to 
$4,328.30, and that $2,054.03 is still outstanding. The report also shows that we 
have a little more than 1,000 pins on hand than we should have. This is explained 
by the fact that these pins were returned to us instead of the money. 

I thank the gentlemen of the Executive Committee for the valuable assistance 
given me in making this undertaking a financial success, besides having made living 
advertising signs for the Centennial celebration of more than 30,000 of the best 

people in St. Louis. , ,r u „^,,. 

^ ^ A. Von Hoffmann, 

Chairman Pin Committee. 



THE FINANCES 



THE CITY UNABLE TO APPROPRIATE 

When the St. Louis Centennial Association was organized, in response 
to the action of the Municipal Assembly by joint resolution, the impression 
prevailed that the city could and would contribute financially. At the 
meeting of the Executive Committee, on the 4th of March, Charles P. 
Williams, Assistant City Counselor, was present by request. He gave 
the opinion that the Municipal Assembly could not make an appropriation 
toward the cost of the celebration without violation of the Charter. The 
Executive Committee proceeded actively with the arrangement of the 
programme, the meetings being held in the office of the Mayor. A 
Finance Committee, with H. N. Davis as chairman, was appointed. On 
the 6th of May the Finance Committee presented this statement : 

The Finance Committee beg leave to report that it met on May 3d to consider 
the question of raising sufficient funds to defray the expenses of holding the 
Centennial celebration. There were present at this meeting: George D. Markham, 
Saunders Norvell, Charles A. Stix, L. D. Dozier, Charles P. Senter and H. N. 
Davis. 

It was decided to raise $100,000 if possible. The committee was informed that 
the city could not by ordinance make a contribution to this fund. It was, therefore, 
determined to proceed to collect the amount from other sources. After full con- 
sideration of the whole question the committee unanimously decided to make trade 
and professional groups, and to appoint a committee for each group. The com- 
mittee is of the opinion that if each trade and profession will do its full share, 
the sum of $100,000 can be raised easily. The groups and committees are now 
being tabulated. Active work to raise the necessary amount will begin in a few 
days. The committee requests the approval of this plan by the Executive Com- 
mittee. 

The chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr. Markham, suggested 
that the inability of the city to give financial aid to the celebration 
presented a situation which should be met by formal action. The Cen- 
tennial Association must go upon record, deciding now either to take the 
responsibility of raising the money needed or to stop at once and abandon 
the movement. 

By a unanimous vote the committee decided to proceed. The Finance 
Committee was organized as follows : 

H. N. Davis, Chairman, 
Saunders Norvell, Chas. A. Stix, Frank R. Tate, 

James E. Smith, Robert McCulloch, E. A. Faust, 

L. D. Dozier, H. W. Peters, Collins Thompson, 

Chas. P. Senter, Lyman T. Hay, Frederick C. Lake. 

Benjamin McKeen, 



164 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



The Finance Committee established an office at the Mercantile Club in May. 
Almost daily meetings were held. The following form of subscription was adopted, 
and the canvass was inaugurated promptly: 

THE ST. LOUIS CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION. 

Organized under resolution adopted by the Municipal Assembly to conduct a dignified and 

an appropriate Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the 

Incorporation of St Louis. 

Vice-President, Treasurer, 

Hon. Edgar R. Rombauer, Charles H. Huttig. 

Speaker House of Delegates. 



Hon. 



President, 

F. H. Kreismann, 

Mayor. 

Vice-President, 

Hon. John H. Gundlach. 

President City Council. 



Executive Committee. 
G. D. Markham, Chairman. 



SUBSCRIPTION, 



Finance Committee, 
H. N. Davis, Chairman. 



St. Louis, Mo 



1909- 



We, the undersigned, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the celebration of the 
Centennial of the Incorporation of St. Louis, to be held in St. Louis during the week 3d-9th 
October, 1909, hereby agree, separately, to pay the amounts below, set opposite our names, 
to Chas, H. Huttig; fifty per cent of the amount of said subscription to be paid on demand* 
and fifty per cent on the first day of September, 1909. 

The gratifying results of the canvass are to be credited to the public-spirited 
citizens who formed the subscription committees, and to the organizations which 
responded with unexpected promptness to the call of the Finance Committee. 

At the first meeting of the Finance Committee, Robert McCuUoch, for the 
United Railways, announced a subscription of $5,000. At the second meet- 
ing a communication from President J. McCarthy informed the committee that 
the Building Trades Council had voted a subscription of $500. Some of the 
organizations subscribing were the North St. Louis Business Men's Association, 
$100; the St. Louis Medical Society, $133; the West St. Louis Business Men*s 
Association, $200; the Liquor Dealers* Benevolent Association, $500. 

The chairmen and committees selected to canvass the various professions, trades 
and organizations, were : 

SUBSCRIPTION COMMITTEES. 
J 



Agricultural Implements and VehicI 
Manley, Chairman; E. J. Bingle. 

American Federation of Musicians, Local No. 
2 — Owen Miller, Chairman. 

Architects — -J. L. Mauran, Chairman; Eugene 
S. Klein. 

Automobiles — O. L. Halsey, Chairman; H. B. 
Krenning, Samuel Breaden. 

Bags and Bagging — J. S. Bemis, Chairman. 

Bakers — J. E. McKinney, Chairman. 

Bankers and Trust Companies — C. H. Huttig, 
Chairman. 

Barbers' Supplies — E. E. Koken, Chairman. 

Billiards and Pool — Charles Peterson, Chair- 
Boilers — John A. Rohan, Chairman; H. C. 
Meinholz, Jas. A. McKeown, Chas. J. 
Waugher, Emil M. Tolkacz. 

Biscuits and Crackers — L. D. Dozier, Chair- 
man. 

Booksellers, Stationers and News Dealers — 
George W. Flersheim, Chairman. 



Boots and Shoes— A. D. Brown, H. W. Peters 
Chairmen. 

Bottlers and Bottlers' Supplies — J. W. Booth, 
Chairman. 

Box and Crate Manufacturers — William F. 
Goessling, Chairman. 

Brass Foundries and Metal Works — E. A. 
More, Chairman, H. N. Hudson, Frederick 
C. Kraushaar. 

Brewers — E. A. Faust, Chairman; Chas. Lemp, 
Henry Nicolaus, Henry Griesedieck. 

Brokers— H. F. Knight, Chairman; Arthur T. 
Stickney. 

Building Trades Council— J. McCarthy, Chair- 
man. 

Butchers' Supplies — G. V. Brecht, Chairman. 

Butter and Cheese — Robert Heitz, Chairman. 

Cabinetmakers, Mantels, Gratings, Show Case 
Manufacturers — Chas. G. Rueckholdt, Chair- 
man. 

Candy and Confectionerj- — V. L. Price, Chair- 
man. 



The Finances 



165 



SUBSCRIPTION COMMITTEES— Continued. 



Car Builders — Jas. M. Buick, Chairman. 
Carondelet Business Men's Association — Taylor 

Stith, Chairman; John H. Uthoff, W. A. 

Westman, Frank H. Michel. 
Carpets — S. M. Kennard, Chairman ; C. H. 

Duncker, J. H. Tiemeyer. 
Caterers and Confectioners — Charles Rebman, 

Chairman; Means Co., Zeller Brothers. 
Cigars — A. T. Stickney, Chairman; Stephen 

B. Sheldon, Max Fritz, Chas. P. Stanley, 

Waldemar R. Wright. 
City Improvement Association — J. H. Doug 

lass, Chairman. 
China, Glass and Queensware — August H, 

Bryant, Chairman. 
Cloak Manufacturers and Jobbers— N. Fried 

man. Chairman. 
Clothing (Wholesale)— Leon J. Schwab, Chair 

man; Joseph Ruhl. 
Coffee. Tea, Spices and Baking Powder — W 

J. Kinsella, Chairman; Carl H. Stoffregcn 

J. J. Schotten, Robt. Meyer. 
Coal — Thos. T. Brewster, Chairman. 
Coffins and Caskets — Fred D. Gardner, Chair- 
man ; R. H. Logemann, Geo. M. Jennings, 

A. E. Murphy. 
Commercial Paper Houses — Richard M. Day, 

Chairman. 
Commission Houses and Kindred Lines— J. G. 

Tellman, Chairman; W. A. Cochran. 
Concrete and Granitoid — F. W. Coombs, Chair- 
Contractors and Builders — Chas. L. Gray, 

Chairman; James Black, Henry Lohmann. 
Cooperage and Barrel Manufacturers — W. 

Palmer Clarkson, Chairman; H. D. Williams, 

Geo. Meyer, F. J. Benner. 
Cotton Exchange — R. S. Philips, Chairman. 
Dairies — William Grafeman, Chairman. 
Druggists (Retail)— Chas. Renner, Chairman. 
Druggists (Wholesale)— C. P. Walbridge, 

Chairman. 
Dry Goods Commission Merchants — Lemuel G. 

Johnson, Chairman. 
Dry Goods (Wholesale), Furnishing Goods and 

Notions — David Eiseman, Chairman. 
Dry Goods (St. Louis Retailers' Assn.). — F. C. 

Lake. Chairman. 
Dry Plates and Artist Material — F. Ernest 

Cramer, Chairman. 
Dyeing and Cleaning — J. Boyle Pric«, Chair- 
man. 
Electric Supplies and Manufacturers — Roger V. 

Scudder, Chairman. 
Elevators — Harry S. Wells, Chairman. 
Eleventh Ward Improvement Association — O. 

T. Remmers, Chairman; Theo. Mesnier, A. 

Del Wright, W, F. Eckelmann. 
Engines — John F. O'Neil, Chairman ; F. E. 

Bausch, Herman Krutzsch, F. L. Bunton. 
Envelopes — C. R. Scudder, Chairman 



Express Companies — Jos. Temple, Chairman. 
Feed, Hay and Grain — C. H. Meyer, Chairman. 
Fire Clay and Sewer Pipe — C. D. Gregg, 

Chairman. 
Fire Insurance — Moses Fraley, Chairman. 
Fireworks and Toys — Henry H. Pabricius, 

Chairman ; Ed. J. Bingle. 
Florists — Otto G. Koenig, Chairman; C. C. 

Sanders, W. W. Stertzing, C. A. Kuehn, 

F. H. Meinhardt. 
Flour Mills — Wm. K. Stanard, Chairman ; 

Christian Bernet, Samuel Plant. 
Furniture, Manufactures and Jobbers — H. S. 

Tuttle, Chairman. 
Furniture (Retail)— Michael J. Mulvihill, 

Chairman. 
Furs and Wool— Philip B. Fouke, Chairman. 
Galvanized Iron and Architectural Metal 

Works — John M. Powers, Chairman. 
Gas and Electric Companies — H. N, Davis, 

Chairman. 
Grain Commission Merchants and Elevators — 

T. H. Francis, Chairman; Edw. M. Flesh, 

Wm. A. Gardner, Fred Orthwein, Fred W. 

Steele, Roger P. Annan, Bert H. Lang, 

N. L. Moffitt. 
Grocers (Retail) — G. Wolf, Chairman. 
Grocers (Wholesale) — Warren Goddard. 
Guns, Sporting Goods and Bicycles — Robert J. 

Leacock, Chairman. 
Hardware — Saunders Norvell, Chairman. 
Harness and Saddlery (Wholesale) — Louis 

Ploeser, Chairman; P. Burns, S. J. Schuster, 
Hats and Caps (Wholesale)— Richard T. Shel- 

ton, Chairman; W. Julius Polk, F. J. 

Langenberg. 
Heating Apparatus — Harry G. Hurd, Chairman. 
Horse and Mule Industry— G. S. Maddox, 

Chairman. 
Hotels and Restaurants — Lyman T. Hay, 

Chairman. 

Hotels— J. D. Abeles, E. W. Dunn. T. 

H. Glancy. 
Restaurants — T. H. McTague, John 
Specht. 
ce and Cold Storage — T. S. McPheeters, 

Chairman, 
nsurance, other than Fire and Life — J. C. 

Barrows, Chairman; R. A. Hoffman, Moses 

Fraley. 
ron. Steel and Wire Branch Houses and Sell- 
ing Agencies — Frank Low, Chairman, 
ron and Steel Foundries — C. H. Howard, 

Chairman; Arthur T. Morey. 
ewelers (Wholesale and Retail) — Goodman 

King and Morris Eisenstadt, Chairmen; S. H. 

Bauman, O. J. Pfeffer, Alvin Bauman, A. 

Maschmeyer, Geo. J. Hess, G. Eckhardt, 

John F. Bolland, F. W. Drosten, P. T. 

Whelan, A. Kurtzeborn, Herman Mauch, 

J. F. Zeitler. 



166 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



SUBSCRIPTION COMMITTEES— Continued. 



Ladies' Tailors — Anton Schumack, Chj 
Joseph Silberstein, H. Simpkins. 

Latin-American Club and Foreign Trade Asso- 
ciation — F. W. Feuerbacher, Chairman. 

Laundries — George Burley, Chairman. 

Lawyers — O'Neill Ryan, Chairman; Daniel N. 
Kirby, Robert Burkham. 

Leaf Tobacco — Wm. Weinheimer, Chairman. 

Leather Belting, Dealers and Tanners — J. A. 
J. Shultz, Chairman; Cyrus E. Clark, E. K. 
Leiber. 

Lime and Cement Companies — Gordon Willis, 
Chairman. 

Livery — S. P. Keyes, Chairman. 

Loan Offices — S. Van Raalte, Chairman. 

Lumber — Nelson W. McLeod, Chairman; S. H. 
FuUerton, C. D. Johnson, J. A. Freeman, 
A. J. Neimeyer, Curtis M. Jennings, W. T. 
Ferguson, 

Merchant Tailors — Howard F. Kohler, Chair- 

MiHinery — Leo Levis, Chairman; Max Wachtel, 
Hobart Brinsmade, I. B. Rosenthal. 

Meat Packers— Lyman T. Hay, Chairman; W. 
A. Cochran, J. G. Tellman. 

Moving Pictures — H. E. Aitken and Frank L. 
Talbot, Chairmen. 

North St. Louis Business Men's Association — 
Chas. F. Busche, Chairman. 

Paints, Oils and Varnishes— Wm. H. Gregg, 
Jr., Chairman; Henry P. Fritsche, Wm. E. 
Becker. - 

Paper Box Manufacturers — O. H. Vieths, 
Chairman. 

Paper (Wholesale)— J. P. Tirrell, Chairman. 

Photographers — J. C. Strauss, Chairman. 

Pickles and Sauces — Rudolph Wintermann, 
Chairman; H. J. Bergs, George A. Bayle. 

Planing Mills, Sash, Door and Blind Manu- 
facturers — R. B. McConnell, Chairman. 

Plate, Window and Art Glass — H. L. Brown, 
Chairman. 

Plumbers' Supplies — E. H. Boehnken, Chair- 
man; J. B. Chambers, J. P. Hartnett. 

Pork and Beef Packers — Samuel Gordon, 
Chairman. 

Powder^J. L. White, Chairman. 

Printers and Book Manufacturers, Engravers 
and Photo Engravers — C. M. Skinner, 
Chairman ; Walter B. Woodward, S. J. 
Harbaugh. 

Proprietary and Patent Medicines — Chas. E. 
Lane, Chairman; K. D. Mellier. 

Pumps — L. F. Mahler, Chairman. 

Railroad Supplies — Edw. L. Adreon, Jr., 
Chairman. 

Railroads— W. S. McChesney, President Ter- 
minal R. R. Assn. of St. Louis, Chairman. 

Railroad Timber and Ties— J. W. Fristoe, 
Chairman. 



Real Estate— Chas. C. Nicholls, Chairman; A. 
H. Frederick, F. W. Mott. 

Roofers and Roofing Material — P. S. Marquis, 
Chairman. 

Rubber Goods, Belts and Belting— Geo. W. 
Perry. Chairman; Robert C. Day, James W. 
Byrnes. 

Safes— Edward F. Hall, Chairman. 

St. Louis Medical Society— Dr. C. M. Nichol- 
son, Chairman. 

Sand and Gravel — H. L. Block, Chairman. 

Seeds — D. L. Bushnell, Chairman. 

Silk and Ribbon — James F. Coyle. Chairman, 

Soaps and Candles — Louis H. Waltke, Chair 

Stamped Ware — T. K. Niedringhaus, Geo, 

Wiegand, Jr. 
Storage and Warehouse Companies — O. P 

Langan, Chairman. 
Stoves and Ranges— R. H. Stockton, Chair 

man; J. W. Van Cleave, Ralph S. Buck 

B. B. Culver. 
Street Railways — Captain Robert McCulloch 

Chairman. 
Telephone— Geo. F. Durant, Chairman; H 

Linton Reber. 
Tenth Ward Improvement Association — O. F 

Karbe. 
Tents and Awnings — Chas. W. Martin, Chair 

man; James Dougherty, Chas. Rippe, Her^ 

man Wenzel, Chas. Biggers, Geo. Baptiste 

D. Jannopoulo. 
Theaters— P. Short. Chairman. 
Tobacco Manufacturers — A. T. Stickney, Chair- 
Transfer Companies — G. J. Tansey, Chairman 

L. W. Childress, Herman A. Lucking. 
Trunk Manufacturers — Geo. D. Rosenthal, 

Chairman. 
Typewriters and Adding Machines — H. H 

Simler, Chairman; J. E. Geissinger, F. F, 

McLaughlin. 
Undertakers' Association — Geo. C. R. Wagoner, 

Chairman; James Masterson, August Kron, 
Undertakers (Union)— John P. Collins. Chair 

man; Fred Hoffmeiser, Charles C. Meek 

Fred W. Peetz; Michael Mullen; Julius 

Schmitt, Thomas J. Finan, William Ziegen- 

heim, William Klabasa. 
Wall Paper and Decorators — Norton New 

comb. Chairman. 
West End Business Men's Association— C. R, 

Lupton, Chairman, 
White Lead — O. H. Greene, Chairman. 
Wines and Liquors (Retail) — Thomas E. Kin 

ney, Chairman. 
Wines and Liquors (Wholesale) — Herman A 

Stein wender, Jr., Chairman. 
Wood Working Machinery — Chas. S. Brown 

Chairman. 



The Finances 167 

Frequent meetings of the chairmen of groups were held. To each group was 
apportioned the amount which, in the judgment of the Finance Committee, should 
be raised on a basis of $100,000. Daily reports were made. So vigorously did 
many of the subscription committees proceed, that before the end of June the 
amount pledged was $38,800. 

As the plans of the Aero Club were enlarged it became evident to the directors 
of that organization funds must be raised, in considerable amount, outside of its 
membership. The directors consulted with the Finance Committee on the advisa- 
bility of a separate canvass for contributions to the Aero Club treasury. The 
conclusion was that it would be better to have officers and directors of the Aero 
Club use their personal influence to obtain individual contributions to the Centennial 
treasury, with the understanding that credit should be given for the amount thus 
realized. The Aero Club canvass was made in the latter part of September, when 
most of the subscription committees of the Finance Committee had turned in 
their final reports. It resulted in the addition of several thousand dollars to the 
Centennial treasury. 

REPORT OF THE TREASURER 

To the Executive Committee, St. Louis Centennial Association: 

Gentlemen : Your Treasurer herewith submits the following report : 

Total receipts to date $85,709.34 

Total amount of vouchers paid to date 76,561 . 16 

Remaining in the hands of the Treasurer this date 9,148. 18 

Permit me to extend my congratulations to the Executive Committee of the 
St. Louis Centennial Association upon the fact that the treasury shows a surplus 
instead of a deficit. Very truly yours, 

December 31, 1909. CHARLES H. HUTTIG, Treasurer. 



REPORT OF THE AUDITOR 

Ceo. D. Markham Chairman : 

Dear Sir: I beg to present herewith my report giving classified statements of receipts, 
disbursements and assets of the St. Louis Centennial Association up to and including December 
31, 1909: 

RECEIPTS. 

Subscriptions paid $81,201.00 

Proceeds from sale of official Centennial pin 1,913.04 

Proceeds from sale of tickets. Ball of all Nations 1,000.00 

Proceeds from sale of seats in Court of Honor 1,558. 10 

Proceeds from sale of Historical Tablets 37.20 $85,709.34 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Aeronautics $18,501.04 

Grand Marshal- 
Printing general orders $ 95.30 

Printing certificates to aids 74.00 

Salaries 28 . 90 

Wire rope guarding sidewalks 295 . 70 

Postage 11.48 

Stationery 7.50 

Rosettes, flags and holders 66 . 75 

Horses 260.00 839.63 



168 St, Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. 
Executive and Administrative — 

Auditor's office, salaries $ i»57i-35 

Auditor's office, stationery, etc -27.55 

Secretary's office, salaries 6,868.35 

Secretary's office, stationery, etc 200.00 $ 8,667.25 

Water Pageant — 

Flags and bunting $ 3 1 9 . 08 

Circulars and show cards 17.00 

Prize cups 82.00 

Incidental expense 26.66 444-74 

General Expense — 

Telegrams $ 6 . 24 

Automobile hire 150.00 

Programs and badges 36.48 

Car fare and meals for clerks 40,16 

Telephone bill 33-66 

Moving furniture, office rail, etc 1 77 • 99 444 ■ 53 

Reception Committee — 

Printing $ 62,25 

Salaries 158.00 

Street car tickets for Mayors 240.40 

Badges 45 '60 

Postage, telephone, typewriter, etc 49.10 555*35 

Office Expense — 

Typewriter use and repairs on same $ 65.60 

Moving and cleaning furniture 30.55 

Telephone rent 35-75 

Janitor service and use of club rooms 250.00 

Office sign, car fare and fixtures 38.85 

Printing and furniture 40 . 00 460 . 75 

Veiled Prophets 3,500.00 

Centennial cup to Golf Club 200.00 

Rent of Coliseum 3,500.00 

Publicity- 
Official Centennial pin $ 164.70 



Printing 5,420.97 

Salaries 1.475.06 

Express charges 21.71 

Stenographers 80.59 

Street car fare 10.62 

Photos and engravings 7 1 5 . 54 

Advertising 75 ■ 00 

Stationery 166.88 

Telegrams .62 

Flags and Badges 29.55 

Mailing tubes and boxes 3 1 • 93 

Industrial Parade — ■ 

Printing and Stationery $ 1 14*36 

Postage 259 . 96 

Salaries 432 . 95 

Badges 8^1.65 

Photographs 45 • 00 

Car fare, auto hire, carriage, etc 85.00 

Telegrams 6.60 

Typewriter hire 5.75 



The Finances 



169 



DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. 



Sales Managers — 

Official Centennial pin $ 

Contribution towards banquet 

Entertainment — 

Salaries $ 

Stationery 

Postage 

Illumination and Court of Honor — 

Stationery $ 

Printing 

Flags and display signs 

Salaries 

Erecting stands in Court of Honor 

Rent of chairs 

Electric lights 

Advertising 

Accident insurance premium w 

Postage 



123.85 
324-55 



S-63 
195.00 
599.24 



123.60 
360.00 



Automobile Parade- 
Printing 

Stationery 

Postage 

Salaries 

Silver cups 



Automobile hire for band. 



Educational and Historical — 

Postage $ 

Stationery 

Printing 

Photographs 

Costumes, hats and canes 

Flags and signs 

Horses and carriages 

Floats 

Salaries 

Railroad transportation for troops 

First Regiment N. G. M 

General expense, meals for troops, etc 

Finance Committee — 

Stationery $ 

Printing 

Telegrams 

Salaries 

General expense 



!,OO0.00 

14.50 

253-08 



Church Day Committee — 

Postage 

Stationery 

Piinting 

Flags 



ureau of Information — 

Salaries 

Badges 

Printing 

Street car fare, signs, etc. 



$ 


170.50 




8.64 




59-50 




4.70 



170 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. 
Music- 
Printing $ 18.75 

Postage 19 . 60 

Bands 10,248.94 $10,287.29 

Official Centennial pin — 

Printing $ 17.75 

1,000 pins 210.00 227.25 

Get-Together Committee — 

Postage $ 274.05 

Printing 62.71 

Salaries 76.00 412.76 

Postage (stamps on hand) 16.02 

Special Fund for Final Report 2,500 . 00 

Photographs for Final Report 89 . 50 

$76,561.16 $85,709.34 

Total receipts from all sources $85,709.34 

Total disbursements 76,561.16 

Balance $ 9.148-18 

ASSETS. 
Cash in Third National Bank $ 9,148.18 

EDWARD PERRY, Auditor. 
December 31, 1909. 



CENTENNIAL EDITORIALS 



PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 

(From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.) 

"The tumult and the shouting dies." St. Louis has had the purple week; a 
royal purple week. We have sat with kings and drank wine with the gods. There 
has been something doing all of the time. Our purple has been a Tyrian purple, 
shimmering in the bright lights we have set up at every corner of our great 
white ways. We have done so much that even those with the finest facility for 
the seeing and hearing of everything are now weary, not of the festivals, pageants 
or parades, not of the functions or the great public assemblages, nor of the masses 
of light and color, fixed or moving, or any of the paraphernalia of the days and 
nights, but weary in body and in mind. We have not had too much of a good 
thing so far as our work has touched those good things of life which are always 
worthy of encouragement and promotion. But we have had enough to make people 
think, and now we must pause to give them the time and opportunity to think. 
The purple week is at an end. And then — 

Well, then, it is time to begin thinking. And first we will think of one mental 
attitude of the crowd, plainly to be felt, almost to be seen, sometimes audible, but, 
even when voiceless, impressing itself upon the sensitive mind. The psychology 
of the crowd was capable of one interpretation always and everywhere, no matter 
how purple the surroundings. We have smiled at the devices of "the rude 
forefathers of the hamlet" as they have been set against our new, improved, 
modern machines and appliances for doing the same things, or greater things, than 
our fathers did. But always it has been the smile of admiration, and of wonderment 
that they should have been able to do the work they did with such poor tools. As 
we have contemplated the results of that work, seen in this great city, surrounded 
by millions of population contributing to its increasing greatness, our wonder and 
our admiration grow that the foundations of all of this now mighty structure were 
laid by so few men, working in a hostile land, and armed with what we must 
now consider such poor equipment for the doing of big things. If the foundations 
had not been laid true and stanch, the superstructure could not have been built 
to its present great proportions. We have seen that, small and scant as were the 
implements with which they could do their work, and dangerous and difficult as 
were all the conditions and surroundings under and in which that work was done, 
these men must have been of heroic mold. We realize that they must have been 
of that type which makes the most and the best of whatever offers for the doing 
of the things they feel called to do. And we see, more clearly than ever before, 
that they must have felt a sense of obligation to posterity such as has marked 
every race, every nation and every tribe which has left a mark upon history, and 
such as must animate every man who leaves such a mark. 

We have enshrined the men of a century ago. Let us see to it that the 
multitude crowding to the next St. Louis Centennial, a century hence, shall put 
us in a niche no lower than that in which we now place the pioneers of 1809. 
Perhaps the mass of every generation is too prone to think that all wisdom will 
die with them. It is not easy, possibly it is not even flattering, to think that 



173 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

perhaps present methods of work will appear as crude to the St. Louis generation 
of 2009 as the methods in use in 1809 now appear to us. That coming generation 
may smile at our rude and crude ways of doing things. We want to make sure 
that the smile will be such as we now give to our predecessors of a century ago ; 
a smile of congratulation, of pride, of genuine admiration and respect, even though 
mixed with amusement at primitiveness and wonder at our achievement. If we 
are ever to be called primitive, let those who so call us be compelled to say, as 
we say now, that the primitiveness of men great in the essential elements of 
manhood is a mighty weapon for the advancement of mankind. If the next century 
should bring to St. Louis a generation to look upon the railway, the telephone 
and telegraph, the skyscraper, and all of the other concomitants of our present 
civilization, and call them antiquated, let us see to it now that that generation will 
be compelled to add that the men who wrought with such poor tools wrought 
mightily, and for the ages. To do this we must hold fast to the standards 
and the altars set up by those gone before us. They wrought through faith as 
well as through courage. Wherefore it may be fitting to return to that fine fervor 
with which this reflection begins, and say: 

"Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet. 
Lest we forget, lest we forget." 



HIS HONOR: PERSONALLY CONDUCTED 

(From the St. Louis Republic.) 

When St. Louis decided, in view of its approaching centenary, to shed printers' 
ink, fling forth bunting to the breeze and invite the folks from Pike County and 
the rest of the world to come up to town, it was with no idea of making its 
celebration merely an occasion for the filling up of the hotels and the swelling 
of sales records in the retail district. The Centennial Committee desired to make 
the St. Louis festival a way-mark in current history. 

Now, James Bryce has said that municipal government is the great failure 
among American institutions. St. Louis, believing that this is largely the result 
of inattention, that State and national affairs have absorbed public attention to 
the exclusion of affairs municipal, has acted accordingly. And, therefore, these 
passing days have brought out the American Mayor from the quiet dells where 
he is wont to blush unseen and waste his sweetness on the desert air and set him 
in his rightful place, among kings and princes of the earth. Always in demand 
at home when the Daughters of Rebekah open their annual bakery sale or the 
Elks entertain visiting brethren of the Veuve Cliquot rank, he is usually neglected 
and forgotten after he passes the city limits. 

In starting to undo a century of neglect of the American Mayor, it was not 
enough for St. Louis to honor him collectively. The committee realized that an 
official, after all, is a human being. So the problem of each visiting Mayor has 
received individual treatment. 

Not content with filling his ears with addresses of welcome and his pockets 
with street-car passes and telegraph and telephone franks, St. Louis has delivered 
each visiting Burgonieister over to one of its best and biggest citizens with 
instructions to study His Honor's tastes, aptitudes and enthusiasms, and shape 
a programme to suit his individual predilections. 



Centennial Editorials 173 

No sooner said than done. Throughout the city today the visiting Mayor is 
the chief guest. Studious Mayors are being piloted by St. Louis historians among 
the vellum-bound folios in the great libraries, where alluring accounts of the water 
supply of ancient Rome follow disquisitions on the fire department of Nineveh. 
Gallant Mayors are in conversation with St. Louis' dames and demoiselles. 
Strenuous Mayors follow the "wee bit ba' " on the links, or stand ready to "smash" 
just abaft the tennis net. Bacchanalian Mayors — but soft: there are no 
Bacchanalian Mayors ! Inquiring Mayors are visiting the water plant at Chain 
of Rocks and looking with envy on the City Hall, Forest Park and the public 
schools. 

Guests and hosts are having the time of their lives. St. Louis hospitality is 
making its own appeal in its own delightful way and forming friendships which 
will last through the years. And a real service is being rendered to American 
municipal life. 



OUR HISTORIC MERITS 

(From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.) 

Judge Douglas and the Historical Society understand the value of publicity 
and also of demonstration. This is proved by the new list of our historic spots 
which have been "designated for memorial tablets" with the cooperation of the 
Historical Committee of the Centennial Association. 

All the spots designated are historic, as fully historic as spots which are 
designated in some other cities by monuments, intended to stop traffic long enough 
to compel everyone to ask: "What did you put it there for?" We are only 
taking our primer lesson now, in this method of promoting publicity for patriotism, 
with incidental percentages of increased profits. Boston, of course, has taken 
all the post-graduate degrees in it. When St. Louis begins taking its shoe 
business, Boston marks another batch of historic spots, and sends picture postals 
of them to its customers, old and new. 

The mercenary spirit in patriotism ought to be far from us, of course. On 
the other hand, after having done great things in a world which demands 
demonstration, we walk all over historic spots in St. Louis without paying enough 
attention to them to be able to tell where they are or how they got there. 

In a State and a world which must be shown, we can not afford to allow our 
historical modesty to obscure our historic merits as an asset of which any other 
city in the world would be too proud for silence. 



ST. LOUIS 

(From the St. Louis Times.) 

A far look backward to take is that which stretches through one hundred years. 
To be vital and to be a century old is not given to all. Ambitious founders not 
always fix the sites of great cities. 

St. Louis now celebrates the centenary of her incorporation as a town, in 1809. 
But her real history began when clear-visioned Laclede adventured out of France, 
and after toil and danger brought his rudely equipped voyageurs to this site 
in 1763. Laclede's judgment that here he had found an ideal spot upon which 



174 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

to lay the foundations of a future great city has been given vindication. St. Louis 
still aspires. Another century may see her the metropolis of the Americas. Her 
true growth and swifter rise has but begun. 

In the war of the Revolution the pioneers who had founded St. Louis and whose 
traders were making conquest of the Missouri's great highway bore but the part 
of lookers on in Vienna. Though their destinies were enwrapped with those 
of France, their insignificant numbers made them unworthy of serious British 
heed in war. But as prospectors and settlers they were busy. A Robidoux 
founded St. Joseph; a Chouteau, Kansas City; a Menard, Galveston. Forty years 
after Laclede had driven his first stake, the American occupation found St. Louis 
with a population of i,ooo in its existing boundaries, but twice as many more had 
homes within what are now the city limits. Three-fifths of this latter immigration 
was American. 

In the first election for a mayor, in 1823, or 14 years after the incorporation 
of the town, this growing American preponderance was shown in the fact that 
William Carr Lane, a doctor out of the land of Penn, received 122 votes to 70 
oast for Auguste Chouteau, the candidate of the old regime, and 28 for M. P. 
Leduc. Twenty years later St. Louis cast nearly twenty times as many votes in 
the election which made Bernard Pratte — its first native-born white child after 
the Louisiana Purchase — mayor. The steamboat had come. River commerce 
boomed. In 1845 the population had increased to 36,000, a gain of 150 per cent 
in eight years. 

In 1849, having passed practically unharmed through the great record-breaking 
flood of '44, St. Louis was scourged by a tremendous fire which would have 
unnerved a community less resolute than hers. The postoffice, three banks, three 
printing offices, twenty-three great steamboats, nine flatboats and barges, four 
hundred and thirty buildings, were destroyed. Three lives were lost and three 
millions of dollars perished in the fire. Only by the heroic measure of blowing up 
six intervening buildings was the cathedral saved. 

But St. Louis knew not how to be checked. Manifest destiny had laid its hand 
upon her. In the ten years which followed began that great era of railway 
construction in the West which still proceeds, which still is the most potent factor 
in making St. Louis great and greater. To all these enterprises St. Louisans 
subscribed with liberal hands from a sense of public duty. 

Fifty years ago on the Fourth of July last, the first street railway car in St. 
Louis, drawn by horses driven by President Erastus Wells, made a short run 
westward in Olive street from Fourth. Last year the United Railways street 
car service in St. Louis carried 310,589.278 passengers. 

We desire not to be statistical. Pages of statistics have been lavished upon 
St. Louisans and their visitors during this Centennial time. The Fourth City 
has attained an estate such as to impress with her greatness all who view her. 
Advancing in population, manufactures, trade, wealth, civic spirit, culture, art and 
liberality of soul, who shall deny her? 

The empire in which she is unchallenged mistress is yet on the bare threshold 
of its own richest development. Twenty millions more of population can sow 
and till and reap in the vast Southwest without touching elbows. Participant in 
their labor and sharer in their growth, St. Louis sets her upward glance upon the 
time when she will be an inland Empress whose greatness will surpass Babylon's, 
and whose civic grandeur will rival the dreams of all the dreamers. 



Centennial Editorials 175 

TRIUMPH OF THE VEILED PROPHET 

(From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.) 

The Veiled Prophet, who made his thirty-second triumphal march through the 
streets of St. Louis last night, is an evolution of the century closed. When his 
veil was first seen, shining in the midst of oil lamps, vari-colored and relieved now 
and then by the glare of an occasional calcium light, he was standing as the 
representative of the great advance made from the day when the pine knot, or at 
best the spluttering torch, was the only illumination of night parades. The other 
day one of the elder race, who may or may not have been a descendant of one 
of the Originals, but whose recollections go far enough beyond a half century 
to entitle her to membership in the Half Century Club, was telling of the great 
marches in the inspiring presidential campaign of 1840. After the result of that 
campaign was known, the Whigs, who were victors, used all of the facilities at 
their command in celebration of their victory. The day was not enough. The 
night had to be made luminous, or as luminous as they could make it. Holes 
which could be burned in a night at that time were neither large nor brilliant, but 
they did their best. Their best was but as the flickering of a tallow candle beside 
the great glare of light the Veiled Prophet made on his first appearance, in 1877. 
He represented then a distinct advance made in the spreading of the light. Last 
night he stood for a revolution in that way. 

It was in the world's fair year, we believe, that electric appliances were used 
for the first time in the illumination of the Prophet's floats. Following electric 
car lines for a line of march, some fine eff'ects were reached in bringing out the 
beauties and significances of the allegorical and historical scenes. The understanding 
by the multitudes of the real meaning of what they were seeing was vastly 
increased by these first efforts toward a fuller illumination of truth and beauty. 
Since then this illumination has grown with each succeeding year, keeping step 
with the advancfes in electrical science, progress and invention. As these steps 
have been progressive and rapid, so has each year in this annual moving-picture 
show of the Veiled Prophet increased both in artistic and moral effect. The 
Prophet has never illuminated anything mean, sordid or unworthy. He has stood, 
always, for high ideals and heroic purposes and achievements. But while kerosene 
was his only illuminator, too much of his truth and beauty were lost in the 
darkness surrounding the feeble lights he threw upon his pictures. The electric 
lights allow but little of real significance to escape. It is all put and held sharply 
and clearly in the view and those who miss it would miss it if it were written 
upon the sun. 

Last night was the Prophet's greatest triumphal march. This was not only 
because he appeared as the central figure of the night in the celebration of a cen- 
tennial date in St. Louis history, but more because his persistence has been 
vindicated, his meaning recognized, and his potentialities acknowledged in other 
places which had affected to underestimate the work he does. At the time of the 
Prophet's first appearing, cities in every part of the country were running to 
pageants, day and night, often as parts of great industrial expositions, and often 
as parts of general schemes of merry-making. The results with kerosene seemed 
less brilliant than desired, and the night pageant faded in most places in the 
darkness which always surrounded it. The Veiled Prophet still stood, every year, 
the most colossal figure in night pageantry, with his trailing robes and his glittering 



176 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

veil, lighted, always, with the best illumination attainable, and seizing upon every 
device toward improvement to make his form and his moving-picture gallery 
stand out more brilliantly against the night. We have noted his constantly 
growing effulgence within the last half dozen years. He has stood out more and 
more grandly at each appearance. Other cities which had abandoned the night 
pageant have not failed to note its growing possibilities in this new era of 
illumination. Only the Veiled Prophet saw them from afar, and marched on 
to their realization. New York, which long ago abandoned the pageant, has 
returned to it now. The false prophets of lesser lights are returning to participate 
in the glories of the new lights of the new day. Only the Veiled Prophet of St. 
Louis is seen to be the real prophet whose faith has never wavered. Where St 
Louis has constantly led without faltering, others are now returning to follow. 
This was the greatest significance of last night. 



"ONE OF THE FINEST CITIES" 

(From the St. Louis Republic.) 

Far from least interesting in the week of pageantry St, Louis has arranged 
for the entertainment and instruction of its guests, and its own people as well, was 
the municipal parade of yesterday. It was an impressive presentation of the spirit 
of intelligent progressiveness which is working out a fulfillment of the prophetic 
words of Pierre Laclede Liguest after he had selected a site for the trading post 
that has now become the metropolis of the great Mississippi Valley. 

In the development of the United States magnitude has been the dominant 
thought of its people to a very large extent, and not at all unnaturally. We have 
a big country, and we have followed the logical line in projecting and accomplishing 
big things. But the French mind isn't so absorbed with thoughts of big things, and 
Laclede pictured the city to grow on his selected site as something more and 
something better than merely big. So he went back to Fort de Chartres in the 
spring of 1763 and told the people there he "intended to establish a settlement 
which might become hereafter one of the finest cities in America." 

The critical spectator who looked intelligently yesterday at the imposing parade 
of the city's public-service departments could not fail to recognize materialization 
of Laclede's dream of "one of the finest cities in America." Fourth in rank in 
population by the census of 1900 and sure to maintain its place in the enumeration 
of 1910, St. Louis is doing well in the way of bigness, but it is doing still more 
in making a comfortable, healthful, safe and enjoyable place to live in. 

The municipal departments were inspired by the right spirit when they prepared 
to make yesterday's parade a representative picture of our municipal activities, 
rather than a wholesale gathering of all our public servants. It could easily have 
been made bigger, but not better. We didn't look on all the city employes or 
weary over a long-drawn-out procession of every vehicle and mechanical 
contrivance engaged in municipal service. What we did see was an index rather 
than a catalogue. It was material evidence that St. Louis is awake to every modem 
thing that makes for those refinements of life which in the sum total have already 
established here one of the finest cities in America. 

The machinery which exhibits the methods we are pursuing was significantly 
supplemented by banners recording the results. No resident of St. Louis should 



Centennial Editorials 177 

miss, for example, the importance of the simple announcement that the death rate 
of the city is only 13.82 per thousand of population, or that a purified water supply 
has reduced the mortality from typhoid from 287 in 1903 to 97 in 1908. No city 
can rank among the finest that is not among the healthiest, and St. Louis is even 
better than fourth in the health statistics of the great cities of the United States. 
There should be stimulus in yesterday's imposing parade for renewed effort 
and increased expenditure to make St. Louis "one of the finest." It will satisfy 
every taxpayer that the levies made for public work are not excessive so long 
as they are as judiciously expended as they are at the present time. 



THE CENTENNIAL 

(From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.) 

From whatever point the events of the past are viewed, the people of St. Louis 
find cause for self-congratulation. Painstaking preparation made the execution of 
the elaborate program easier. There was not a hitch in the proceedings. Everything 
moved with precision. The crowds were as good-natured as large and as orderly as 
curious. The thousands of visitors were well cared for, and not an accident of 
importance was reported. 

The numerous parades and pageants met not only the spectacular requirements, 
but they were as intended, impressive in artistic consequence, fully illustrative 
of the city's industrial importance and educative and instructive in many ways. 

Disappointment over the failure of the aeroplanes has been keen, but it was the 
chance of unfavorable weather and a hastily chosen course. Dirigible balloon 
operators took chances to satisfy the vast number of spectators, and Curtiss gave 
as much of an exhibition as the circumstances and a proper regard for his own 
safety permitted. Not Curtiss, but the weather failed. But the weather is not 
to be condemned. It was most favorable throughout the week, and contributed 
largely to the success of a celebrative event which stands conspicuously forth as 
a success among the many similar successes to the credit of St. Louis. 



THE INDUSTRIAL PARADE 

(From the St. Louis Star.) 

Easily the most important and significant feature of the Centennial week was 
the monster industrial parade that passed through the streets and the Court of 
Honor yesterday. The more than $100,000 expended upon the floats was well 
invested because of the added inspiration given to the citizens of St. Louis by the 
spectacle and a realization of what it means, as well as the knowledge of the 
tremendous industrial power of St. Louis it imparted to the vast throng of 
visitors who have come to the city from every corner of the country. 

The aeroplanes and dirigibles darting over the vast expanse of Forest Park and 
the balloons crossing the surrounding States in their airy journeys possibly excite 
more curiosity and interest in the novel and spectacular. The police and fire 
department parade inspired a pardonable pride in these splendid organizations. 
The historic and educational parade today are full of interest. The parade of the 



178 5/. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

Veiled Prophet was a charming spectacle of color and suggestion. The automobile 
parade will be one showing the tremendous size of that new industry and the 
great change that has come over the country in the matter of vehicle locomotion. 
But the spectacle that showed the real strength, the pulsing heart, the solid 
foundation of St. Louis, was the one which delighted the hundreds of thousands 
of spectators that thronged the streets yesterday. 

Every citizen of St. Louis is a more enthusiastic and loyal one today because 
of it, and every visitor knows and feels the greatness of St. Louis far better than 
he did before. By whatever allurement these thousands were first drawn to visit 
us during Centennial week, the best thing the week has done for them and for St. 
Louis is this beautiful and impressive exhibit of the real substance of the city, 
the proof of why St. Louis is the fourth city of the Union and is climbing higher. 



THE RIVER PAGEANT 

(From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.) 

The St. Louis water pageant was not only a reminder of the things that have 
been, but of the things that shall be. It was not only a fine spectacle in itself 
for that sort of impressiveness which trim and well-kept water craft can always 
make, when given a proper setting, but it was, in its proportions as well as in its 
quality, an evidence of what can and will be done here when we get back to our 
water sense. The water sense is not a sixth sense, but it is one of the normal 
senses, which belongs, or ought to belong, to people living on great water courses. 
We of the Mississippi Valley country are often charged with failure to use the 
bounty with which nature has provided us. In commerce, it is said, we have 
neglected navigation and given ourselves up too wholly to other methods of inter- 
communication. The charge will not bear the test of a close analysis. Traffic, 
like everything else, follows the lines of least resistance in its movements. If it 
had remained possible for the rivers, in their neglected condition, to have been 
competitors of the railway lines, the steamboats would have continued to be 
patronized, not as a matter of sentiment, but as a matter of business. 

Not a new but none the less a strange manifestation of a condition which 
brought our noble stream into comparative disuse for anything and everything 
but the fisherman's sport followed the decline of freight and passenger traffic on 
the Mississippi. The river remained, but if it did not fall into actual public 
contempt it at least was regarded more as an obstruction than as an aid. One 
result was that even the small water craft, such as could always find depth of 
channel and safety of operation even at the lowest stages, could be rarely seen. 
The fine opportunities held out for yachting and the use of steam launches and 
other small-tonnage vessels were for long neglected. Small packet vessels plying 
between points not widely separated had almost a monopoly of the stream. We 
had nothing like a mosquito fleet, such as can be seen around New York, Boston, 
Baltimore and other Atlantic ports, and around Frisco, and even Seattle, on 
Pacific shores. Our river lay like a great mirror with little or nothing to reflect 
except the clouds floating above it. 

About twenty years ago the spirit of the waters began to move in the Western 
man, and then upon the face of the waters themselves. A few men with the love 
of the river strong within them looked out upon the waste of water and saw that 



Centennial Editorials 179 

it was good but unused for good. Our neighboring city of Alton, whose truth 
to nature has sometimes led it to being charged with nature-faking by those 
unfamiliar with nature in all her moods, was a pioneer in the work of getting 
back to nature and getting something out of natural opportunities in the way of 
beauty and rational human enjoyments. The little private vessels multiplied at the 
Alton wharf, and staid citizens of substantial means took out licenses as pilots and 
engineers until they could educate and qualify others for those responsible posts. 
The turning back to the waters was a slow movement. It did not become a rage 
within a decade. When St. Louisans aroused themselves the movement became 
what might be called a fancy. But it was in no sense a passing fancy. It had come 
to stay. And now St. Louis and vicinity have a mosquito fleet, the extent of which 
and the speed and trimness of which, were undreamed of until the river pageant 
of Wednesday revealed all these things to us. Lieut. Mitchell, of the United States 
Navy, no doubt spoke within careful limitations in saying that he had never seen 
this exhibition surpassed by any of its kind in this country. The judges, it is said, 
are without the necessary data to make awards. This is not so unfortunate as it 
may seem to be at first glance. A great thing has been done in making this 
exhibition showing the growth of the water spirit in the West. This spirit will 
grow as the river grows. When we have more ships we shall have more 
mosquito fleets. 



COMING CENTENNIALS OF ST. LOUIS 

(From the St. Louis Republic.) 

The festivities of this week fittingly celebrate the centennial of the third of the 
epoch-making events in the history of St. Louis, the centennial anniversary of 
the first — the founding of the town in 1764 — having passed uncelebrated because 
it fell in the midst of the Civil War, and the second — the annexation to the United 
States of St. Louis and the Louisiana Territory — having been magnificently 
celebrated by the World's Fair of 1904. 

A splendid series of similar anniversaries will now crowd the coming years. 
A hundred years ago St. Louis was just entering upon a period of history-making 
in which epochal events followed one another in rapid succession, and their 
centennial anniversaries are drawing near. 

The first was the granting to Missouri, in 1812, of a representative territorial 
form of government, with St. Louis as the capital. Though the town had been 
the seat of government for all the unorganized portion of the newly acquired 
territory ever since the American flag was first raised here in the spring of 1804, 
the creation of the territorial legislature which was to meet regularly in St. Louis 
was the first definite step in the preparation for self-government under statehood. 

An event of momentous importance to St. Louis was the great peace talk which 
a commission headed by Territorial Governor Clark held at St. Charles from July 
to October, 1815, with the chiefs of the Pottawattamies, Piankeshaws, Sioux, 
Mahas, Kickapoos, Sacs, Foxes, the Osages Great and Little, the lowas and the 
Kaws. The treaties that were made in this historic meeting put an end to all 
fears of Indian wars in this part of the country and enabled St. Louis to pursue 
its upward course in security. 

The year 1817 is memorable for the arrival at St. Louis of the first steamboat, 
and for the formation of the town's first Board of School Trustees. The mighty 



180 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

commerce of which the steamboat was the beginning is not more important than 
the magnificent public school system of the city, both of which may be said to date 
from this year. 

In 1819 the first steamboat went up the Missouri River as far as old Franklin, 
in Howard County, but vastly more important was the famous Yellowstone 
expedition, consisting of five steamboats and nine barges carrying soldiers which 
the Government sent out from St. Louis in that year to explore the Missouri River 
as far as the mouth of the Yellowstone, and to ascertain its possibilities for 
steamboat navigation. From this year dates the beginning of the great traffic which 
St. Louis for nearly two generations afterwards had with the far Northwest by 
steamboats on the Missouri. 

In 1821 Missouri became a sovereign State, with St. Louis for its leading 
city, the State Constitution having been framed by a convention which sat in St. 
Louis in the previous year. In 1823, after fourteen years of government by a sort 
of commission not dissimilar to those to which a number of cities have returned, 
St. Louis inaugurated its first Mayor, Doctor William Carr Lane, under a city 
charter that it had received the year before. 

This list of interesting anniversaries can not be more appropriately closed than 
by mention of the proudest event in the early history of the town, the reception 
given to Lafayette on April 29, 1825. 



THE VISITING MAYORS 



A ROSTER OF GUESTS AND HOSTS 

More Mayors than were ever before assembled in the United States 
came to honor Centennial Week. The acceptances numbered about 400, 
but some who had not given previous thought to the invitation decided 
favorably at the eleventh hour. Mayors were arriving several days 
before the week. Mayors continued to come until the week was well 
nigh spent. All parts of the country, more than thirty States, were 
represented. The rosters as kept by the Reception Committee and at the 
City Hall are not complete, neither are they strictly accurate as to the 
individual hosts who looked after the visiting Mayors. They do not 
give those Mayors who failed to register or all of the changes in assign- 
ments of hosts made in emergencies after the opening of the week. But 
the wonder is that so many were registered and that the plan of individual 
hosts was so generally carried out. To the zealous Secretary of the 
Reception Committee, S. B. McPheeters, great credit is due for the 
results. 

ALABAMA. CANADA. 

Mayor and Town. Host. Mayor and Town. Host. 

John Craft, Mobile J. W. Jamison Joseph Oliver, Toronto Dan C. Nugent 

Thomas R. Sumraerville, Aliceville— 

G. C. Diederieh COLORADO. 

Emmet A. Matthews, Clanton — Basil M. Spalding, La Junta.... W. K. Stanard 

Dr. Marc Ray Hughes John Q. Allen, Montrose W. H. Becker 

Acklin U. Hollis, SuIIigent— Charles Wagner, Aspen H. A. Schmidt 

Joseph H. Erookmire 

W. B. Folmar, Troy O. P. Rierson DELAWARE. 

Fred Wall, Athens Lon Hocker J. Harvey Spruance, Wilmington — 

Dr. H. Wheeler Bond 
ARKANSAS. 

C. R. Burham, Gurdon W. E. Barnes FLORIDA. 

W. L. Rollins, Fayetteville L, E. Anderson William S. Jordan, Jacksonville — 

E. W. Homan, Rogers L. H. Waltke G. Lacy Crawford 

T. T. Shepard, Eldorado W. E. Leech Frank Reilly, Pensacola F. R. Rice 

P. L. Tolton, Morrillton F. C. Stierlin C. F. Hoover, Starke Louis P. Aloe 

John A. Joyce, Springdale O. E. Scott 

C. L Freeman, Blackrock John S Blake GEORGIA. 

Claude A. Fuller, Eureka Springs — John M. Weston, Elberton..W. Ross Glasgow 

Geo. F. Beck W. E. Wood, Dalton W. Ross Glasgow 

W. J. Johnston, Fort Smith... C. P. Walbridge 

Troy Pace, Harrison A. J. Fitzsimmons ILLINOIS. 

Dean M. Colman, Batesville A. N. Sager E. M. GuIIick, Greenville Robert Rutledge 

M. H. Jodd, Hot Springs Nat Rounds Ferd A. Garesche, Madison J. M. Buick 

W. I. Toney, Pine Bluff Tom Randolph Harry E. Wilkins, Petersburg. Dr. J. R. Lemen 

Charles B. Gregg, Jonesboro G. B. O'Reilly James M. Ennis, Princeton. .Wm. A. Gardner 

Samuel E. Harper, Stuttgart. Allan Richardson John A. Tuthill, Leroy..Dr. Robert Funkhouser 

R. C. Clark, Bald Knob V. L. Price Wilbur B. McHenry, Rochelle C. C. Collins 

R. C. Love, Mountain Home. .Louis Lumaghi George H. Moser, Areola.. Dr. Leland Boogher 

J. R. Thompson, Paragould A. C. F. Meyer C. H. Metcalf, Girard A. R. Schollmeyer 

Hugh Martin, Helena J. Campbell Barton E. Sperry, Batavia J. M. Sloan 



182 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



ILLINOIS— Continued. 

Mayor and Town. Host. 

William C. Simpson, Vienna. .Theo. F. Meyer 

James H. Vickers, Harvard J. J. Ruhl 

Joseph H. Weinstein, Nokomis — 

Lawrence Branch 

Wm. S. Titus, Lawrenceville J. H. Hellrung 

Joseph Taylor, O'Fallon Patrick Burns 

James S. Gedney, Lebanon H. P. Fritsch 

T. J. Trogdon. Paris Manton Davis 

Jesse Peebles, Carlinville J. H. Overall 

W. J. Perkins, Red Bud. .John B. Denvir, Jr. 

Fred Jobusch, Waterloo A. H. Duncan 

M. C. Kelly. Chillicothe A. M. Matson 

Charles E. Hull, Salem Elroy Curtis 

Joseph Mehr. Bunker Hill. .Charles Rosebrough 
Louis C. Morgan, Mount Vernon — 

Dr. J. B. Shapleigh 

Bruno Frolich, Mount Olive Hugo Koehler 

Julius Postel, Mascoutah Christian Bernet 

George Parsons, Cairo A. H. Frederick 

Joseph R. Morrison, St. Elmo. J. J. Wertheimer 

Peter Kroehler, Naperville Otto Aude 

M. P. Browner, Mound City Elias Michael 

John B. Porter, Olney C. C. Taylor 

Walter C. Hughes, Glencoe H. Peckham 

H. W. Long, Elmwood Dr. George Drake 

Harry Brincknian, Warsaw J. M. Good 

H. Mohlenbrook, Campbell Hill- 
Glen C. Hill 
Hershel Johnson, Farmington. .Sidney Bi.\by 
Luther E. Robertson, Carterville — 

J. Clarence Taussig 

Fred A. Rapp, Columbia Charles Morrell 

S. D. Waterbury, Polo H. S. Rumsey 

Benson Irving Britton, Mounds. .H. S. Tuttle 

Francis Fowler, White Hall C. M. Farrar 

Herman C. Weinrich, Cambridge— 

M. G. Richmond 

J. C. Mitchell, Marion M. Hodgman 

Charles Henry Nelson, Pittsfield . . . A. O. Rule 

John A. Steinbach, Quincy J. B. O'Meara 

Edward Chalmers, Dwight F. A. Banister 

William H, Glascow, Warren. Russell Stanhope 
William L. Eddleman, Anna.. Frank Gaiennie 

S. B. Noecker, Monticello Frank P. Hays 

James H. Smith, Jersey ville. .Nathan Randolph 

Albert E. Hahn, West Chicago J. J. Baulch 

Fred C. Brasel, Des Plaines H. L. Ni.\on 

Frank X. Heiligenstein, Freeburg — 

George H. Glancy 

Langley Whiteley, Carlyle August Schlafly 

I. L. Berry, Flora Nelson G. Edwards 

Christian Busse, Troy F. E. Sheldon 

John P. Harvey, Amboy E. H. Steward 

Joseph P. Arnold, Kinmundy C. P. Pettus 

J. B. Blackman, Harrisburg. . .N. A. McMillan 

George Grogan, Gardner J. W. Happell 

Henry C. Keil, Beardstown — 

George F. Rubelmann 

W. T. Sawyer, Nashville Fred B. Eiseman 

Richard J. Dickinson. Eureka .... George Meyer 



ILLINOIS— Continued. 
Mayor and Town. Host. 

Claude M. Barnes, Camii D. I. Bushnell 

John E. Windsor, La Grange W. B. Ittner 

John C. Epperson, Kansas. .Jas. R. Van Slyke 
S. G. B. Crawford, Upper Alton- 
Samuel Gordon 

Cyrus P. Treat, Metropolis C. L. Boyce 

Frank Storckman, Mount Carmel — 

F. E. KaufTman 

Urban L. Walker, Herrin J. A. Freeman 

Wm. D. Gayle, Lincoln Chas. L. Gray 

F. H. Whitney, Athens J. W. Woods 

James F. Farrell, Ottawa J. P. Bergs 

H. P. Holz. Edwardsville James F. Coyle 

Silas Cook, East St. Louis. Sterling P. Edmunds 

F. L. Baltz, Millstadt Paul Jones 

J. W. Scott, Venice Dr. Downey T. Harris 

Chas. A. Uzzell, Granite City Chas. Renner 

II. C. Finley, Hoopeston Ed. Grayson 

Wyman E. Smith, Prophetstown. . H. R. Todd 

Edmond Beall, Alton J. C. Curlee 

James E. Simpson, CoUinsville. . .F. E. Sharp 

Chas. Borcher, Decatur H. R. Small 

John L. Schmidgall, Murphysboro — 

W. K. Kavanaugh 

Wm. Jones, Marissa Charles Maguire 

Cornelius J. Doyle, Greenfield. . .Hy. W. Bond 

Andrew Olson, Moline Moses Sale 

Wm. J. Conzelman. Pekin Jas. Arbuckle 

Aug. C. Schreipe, St. Anne R. D. Smith 

Simpson A. Frazier, Centralia — 

Wm. A. Donaldson, Jr. 
Robert D. Clark, Mount Pulaski— 

J. A. Kieselhorst 

John R. Rayburn, Fairbury Wm. Conrad 

C. L. Reiman, Trenton A. J. Werremeyer 

W. E. Somerville. Coal City J. Broderick 

Fred J. Kern, Belleville Anton Steuver 

Allen R. Hendricks, Sterling. ... F. E. Allen 

W. E. Newsome, Cofleen E. J. Russell 

Horace H. Bancroft, Jacksonville. .J. D. Dana 

Edward N. Woodruff, Peoria Chas. A. Stix 

Silas A. Shafer, Assumption. . .Frank J. Bergs 

Miles T. Lamy, Barrington F. Garrison 

Fred W. Buck. Waukegan J. J. Corcoran 

W. Clayton Ballinger, Lexington. .Jas. Bright 

Claude O. Ellis, Grayville John Douglas 

Henry Green, Griggsville. .Moses C. Wetmore 
John Sherwin, North Chicago.. L. D. Kingsland 

J. F. Clickener, Morrisonville O. L. Halsey 

S. C. Tucker. Champaign. .. .Herman Luyties 
Crillon E. White, Carbondale. .M. C. Wetmore 
Fred Schoonover, Glen Carbon. .. .Otto Aude 

J. W. B. Bryan, Geneseo August Schlafly 

L. C. Rannell, Benld Nelson G. Edwards 

Jos. Thomas, Sandoval Moses Sale 

T. D. Slater, Gays C. L. Boye 

Neal Daugherty, Hamilton Jas. Bright 

C. A. Powers, Genoa C. P. Renter 

Thos. Jeremiah, Willisville J. E. Pitcher 

John M. Keefer, Macomb W. F. Funstoa 



The Visiting Mayors 



183 



ILLINOIS — Continued. 
Mayor and Town. Host. 

Fred. Fauth, Aurora Jos. Buse 

Henry Lory, Highland J. Holliday Wear 

J. F. Laatsch, Altamont Russell Stanhope 

Wm. H. Heinricks. Dorchester J. M. Sloan 

F. M. McGlasson, Winchester. . .Jno. S. Blake 
Dr. H. C. Adderly, Chester .. Frank J. Bergs 

Chas. T. Welch, Mattoon Jas. W. Polk 

John M. Murphy, Mt. Sterling. . Eugene Wilson 

INDIANA. 

James Lyons, Terre Haute... J. A. J. Shultz 
George Beresford, Owensville — 

Edward Mallinckrodt 
John B. Hinchman, Greenfield — 

Dr. H. F. Cassells 
John Zimerman, Cannelton. .J. Haliday Wear 

Robert Russell, Washington D. R. Russell 

John J. Nolan, Evansville W. M. McKee 

Charles B. Matson, Rising Sun — 

George B. Brownlee 

Carlo O. France, Decatur John A. Specht 

Henry Keyte, Seymour Dr. F. J. Lutz 

David A. Cox, Howell William H. Thomson 

George W. Gates, Loogootee Alden Little 

W. H. Arnett, Kokomo. .James Hagermann, Jr. 
Jas. Cochran, Columbus L. L. Prince 

IOWA. 

Fergus L. Anderson, Marion . .Daniel N. Kirby 

Emil W. Parno, Greene Goodman King 

Oscar McGeary, Keosauqua. . . .C. H. Hasner 

Frank Shane, Elgin Charles R. Judge 

A. C. Pohst, Albia William L. Mason 

R. A. Doty, Waterloo Herbert Morgan 

Raymond S. Blair, Parkersburg— 

A. W. Lambert 

Riley Clark, Neola H. A. Loevy 

Charles Off. Keokuk J. E. McKinney 

Fred W. Wyatt, Maquoita R. P. Williams 

C. M. Morford, Toledo W. B. Harris 

H. Unterkircher, Burlington S. P. Keyes 

Louis F. Knowles, Coming O. L. Halsey 

Chas. H. Kelley, Farmington — 

Allen Richardson 

A. J. Mathis, Des Moines F. G. Zeibig 

L. M. Bacon, Oskaloosa Tom Francis 

James F. Scharles, Lemars. . .Jas. H. McCarthy 
Fred A- Kirschman^ Mason Oty — 

Charles L. Graves 
Robert M. Elvin, Mason City — 

Selden P. Spencer 
Lowry M. Ayres, Wilton Junction — 

Claude S. Matthews 

KANSAS. 

M. J. Shepard, Harper A. B. Young 

Adolph Bluck, Dodge City Ben Altheimer 

U. L. Guyer, Kansas City J. W. Jamison 

Oscar Verschelden, St. Mary's.. C. R. Lupton 



KANSAS— Continued. 
Mayor and Town. Host. 

Chas. M. Jones, Baxter Springs — 

Dr. E. E. Kurtzeborn 

Alfred W. Rice, Abilene David O'Neil 

W. B .C. Dagua, Bonner Springs — 

J. F. Tumalty 

J. R. Freed, Russell Claude S. Matthews 

G. R. Blake, Columbus. .Dr. Marc Ray Hughes 

E. Eicholtz, Rosedale W. H. Becker 

Oscar Brett, Humboldt O. H. Greene 

Chas. L. Davidson, Wichita.. Jas. H. Brookmire 

KENTUCKY. 

John Kruchten, Dayton J. J. Behan 

Augusta Snyder, Louisa William Enders 

Charles H. Ramsey, Sebree W. S. Scott 

Richard A. Finnell, Georgetown . .W. G. Boyd 
Thomas R. Griffin, Somerset.. F. C. Ricbardt 
Thomas P. Dickinson, Glasgow — 

W. B. Woodward 
Joseph J. Moser, West Covington — 

George W. Niedringhaus 
Robert W. Cole, Barbourville. W. McC. Martin 

Joseph A. Cassidy, Bellevue J. M. Wood 

Henry E. Woolfolk, Danville. .. .E. S. Roland 

E. A. Hughes, Murray A. O. Wilson 

H. C. Clark, Falmouth John Souther 

Owen D. Thomas, Lebanon R. B. Bullock 

Isaac N. Vickers, Madisonville.P. H. Morrison 
Isaac E. Conley, Wickliffe. . Dr. W. G. Moore 

W. M. O'Bryan, Owensboro C. P. Senter 

William D. McEthinny, Central City — 

C. C. Allen 

Gibson Chapman, Uniontown J. W. Folk 

Charles M. Meacham, Hopkinsville — 

A. M. Sullivan 

LOUISIANA. 

F. A. Dickson, Shreveport O. H. Greene 

Martin Behrman, New Orleans. Harry B. Hawes 
Jules B. Turreges, Alexander .... Max Kotany 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

C. Fred Hill, Southbridge H. T. Ferriss 

William T. Shea, Quincy T. R. Kenney 



MICHIGAN. 



W: 



D. C. Ge 



Traverse City — 

H. G. Rolfes 

Philip Breitmeyer, Detroit William Trelease 

George E. Ellis, Grand Rapids — 

Dr. Paul Y. Tupper 

MINNESOTA. 

A. S. Dyer, Pipestone George T. Allen 

P. H. Zender, Austin Cecil Gregg 

August G. Meyer, Mankato. .Howard Boogher 
William H. Rowe, St. James. Dr. A. S. Barnes 



184 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



MINNESOTA— Continued. 
Mayor and Town. Host. 

J. Laudenberger, New Prague — 

Dr. Paul Y. Tupper 

Frank Becker, Montgomery J. E. Pilcher 

Joseph A. Ring, Shakopee.C. Marquard Forster 
George L. Smith, Faribault. Charles L. Holman 
George H. Claggett, Montevideo — 

Richard W. Sbapleigh 
Hugh Dunlevy, East Grand Forks — 

E. H. Conrades 
MISSISSIPPI. 
Walker E. Whiteside, Pontotoc. J. C. Strauss 
Eramett C. Donnell, Columbus. .. .J. H. Allen 

Harvey L. Morrison, Okalona C. Y. Carr 

Ed. M. Cook, Hazelhurst— 

Judge Daniel O'C. Tracy 

Thomas J. Rosell, Biloxi D. D. Cummins 

Pat. Lutes, Winona Wm. Trelease 

MISSOURI. 

Charles E. Goetz, Paris Nicholas M. Bell 

Ira E. Adams, Sarcoxie W. C. Shanks 

T. W. Sharp, Thayer R. H. Switzler 

Joseph P. Leggett, Carthage. .Henry F. Hafner 
Edward S. Hart, Webster Groves. C. D. Garnett 
James W. Owsley, Palmyra. .Lon V. Stephens 
Abra C. Pettijohn, Brookfield. . E. Lansing Ray 

Rolla R. Rockwell, Moberly Henry Cary 

Henry B. Denker, St. Charles — 

H. Chouteau Dyer 

J. H. Foley, West Plains Fred Deibel 

James A. Melton, Aurora. Clarence Alexander 
John F. Heinrichs, Jefferson City — 

George J. Tansey 

Guy T. Humes, Joplin A. B. Cole 

B. T. Shearer, Unionville P. B. Fouke 

Henry F. Weiss, Perryville A. H. Brown 

Samuel B. Cole, Rich Hill N. R. Wall 

J. E. Williams, Butler George Wolf 

N. V. Turner, Maiden Charles P. Senter 

Stanley Smith, Columbia. . .Dr. H. F. James 

Oscar C. Williams, Trenton J. E. Bishop 

John Berryman, Poplar Bluff.. Chas. McKinney 
John S. Gatson, Vandalia. . . .T. L. Anderson 

T. M. Malcolm, Sikeston Ray Spencer 

Richard B. Gillette, Marionville. .Samuel Plant 

J. B. Ellis, Elsberry James W. Goodbar 

Henry F. Stapel, Rockport J. J. Kelly 

M. Dimmitt, Clarence H. A. Forman 

Chas. T. Strobach, Rolla E. A. Faust 

Richard H. Musser, Plattsburg. . .H. F. Droste 
Geo. W. Cunningham, Brunswick. .F. A. Drew 

Roy C. Woods, Wellston F. W. Mott 

Frank J. Pribil, Appleton City— 

Dr. G. A. Bowman 

J. N. Settle, New Franklin J. R. Harkins 

John M. McCall, Kirksville. . . .Guy Thompson 

Swepson Crews, Pacific C. A. Cunningham 

W. S. Chandler, Moimtain Grove — 

V. O. Saunders 



MISSOURI— Continued. 
Thos. T. Crittenden, Kansas City..E. F. Goltra 

A. P. Clayton, St. Joseph J. S. Tirrell 

John Bowen, Windsor Louis Lumaghi 

Simon Bickel, Lathrop John Duvic 

John Dreyer, Hannibal Taylor Stickney 

Wm. G. Pendleton, Boonville. .H. W. HuUing 
J. E. Chadwick, Montgomery. .W. H. Danforth 
A. Bishop Chance, Centralia. . . W. H. Walker 
Allen M. Walker, Louisiana. .Tom W. Bennett 

Henry Kempe, De Soto Charles Schroeter 

F. C. Klossner, St. James.... J. W. McDonald 
E. D. Graham, Mexico. .. .Fred. C. Orthwein 

Jos. W. Hunter, California Virgil Rule 

Robert E. Maupin, Pattonsburg — 

A. C. F. Meyer 
CM. LeBow, Mount Vernon . . Dr. Wm. Porter 
J. C. B. Davis, Willow Springs — 

Dr. J. Friedman 

J. W. Putnam, Charleston Lloyd G. Harris 

Richard R. Sanderson, Bowling Green — 

H. L. Dyer 

R. S. Clark, Bald Knob V. L. Price 

Kirby Lamar, Hueston Max Kotany 

W. F. Mitchell, Cuba C. C. Allen 

E, Brainerd, Memphis John Phillips 

J. H. Knierim, Kirkwood R. B. Bullock 

W. A. Van Hook, Stanberry. .P. H. Morrison 

Thomas Walton, Lexington E. S. Roland 

J. Scott Wolff, Festus W. O. Scott 

Jos Creighton, Bourbon W. G. Boyd 

J. Kessler, Bridgeton W. G. Lackey 

Aug. C. Albers, Florissant A. R. Fleming 

W. P. Anderson, Republic 

S. I. Callison, Tipton Louis P. Aloe 

John H. Chiles, Sullivan John Nixon 

Robert A. Rasche, Ironton L. G. McNair 

P. W. Keay, Elains H. L. Christie 

L. B. Buchanan, Clarksville F. K. Ryan 

F. E. Guibor, Maplewood J. M. Allen 

W. H. Dawson, Canton David Metcalf 

C. C. Crouse, Peirce City B. O. Rodes 

William B. Schaefer, Jackson W. C. Grover 

Dr. W. B. Roberts, Carterville..E. Lansing Ray 

J. E. Thomas, Cardwell D. R. Calhoun 

James Linahan, Troy C. A. Compton 

J. B. Ellis, Elsberry Samuel Plant 

NEBRASKA. 

Logan F. Jackson, Nebraska City — 

Thomas G. Rutledge 
James W. Finnegan, Chadron — . .Joseph Flory 
David Carruthers, Superior. .. .A. R. Fleming 

Otto Zeulow, Schuyler David Schoenberg 

Clarence J. Miles, Hastings .... C. F. Beardsley 

W. H. Keeling, Falls City P. M. Hanson 

F. M. McElrath, University Place — 

J. M. Allen 
NEW JERSEY. 

Franklin P. Stoy, Atlantic City..H. W. Peters 
Isaac D. Gabel, Bordentown . . . Chas. 5. Brown 



The Visiting Mayors 



185 



NEW YORK. 

Mayor and Town. Host. 

Lewis W. Udell, Brockport L. G. McNair 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Thomas W. Hawkins, Charlotte — 

Shepard Barclay 

NORTH DAKOTA. 

Arthur LeSeur, Minot Joseph Dickson 

W. T. Sprake, Casselton Warren Goddard 

OHIO. 

Carl C. Anderson, Fostoria F. K. Ryan 

D. F. Snyder, Springfield W. G. Lackey 

Edwin C. Ely, Batavia W. C. Grover 

Charles Ridgway, Yellow Springs — 

Dr. H. W. Whelpley 

Thaddeus Straub, Hamilton D. R. Calhoun 

Millard F. McNutt, Williamsburg. .Fred Allen 
Eugene Kilpatrick, Georgetown — 

C. R. Skinker 

J. H. Walford, Cedarville J. Campbell 

Winfield Adare, Clyde Leon Schwab 

Thomas G. Blackstone, Girard — 

George C. R. Wagoner 

Charles A. Powers, Genoa Ray Carter 

L. B. Harbauer, Pemerville. . .Pierre Garneau 
A. P. Mitchell, New Carlisle. .. .Knox Taussig 
William A. Flesher, Racine. Charles W. Mansur 
Horatio P. McGovern, Maumee. .Cliff Scudder 
Sherman P. Harris, Chagrin Falls.. L. Halson 

Samuel Eighenbaum, Corning E. W. Stix 

Samuel E. Soraers, Brookville — - 

Charles McCormack 
J. B. Sunderland, Spencerville — J. A. Anderson 

Ralph P. Glosser, Crestline Charles Houts 

Tom C. Maher, Greenville. .Talton T. Francis 

Charles Cooper, Reading Ben C. Adkins 

Alexander Squibb, Delhi C. R. Skinker 



OKLAHOMA. 

Fred McDaniel, Bartlesville. . 
George B. Edwards, Cleveland 
Charles F. Rogers, Stillwater 

W. S. Bell, Okmulgee 

Arthur McGarr, Muskogee. . 
A. O. Farquharson, Guthrie. 
William Barrowman, Purcell 

William Bassett, Atoka E 

G. N. White, Durham 

F. C. Savage, Hartshorn... 
John 0. Mitchell, Tulsa 



. .James P. Blake 
.George A. Friest 
. .Charles F. Joy 
Clifton Atkinson 
...O'Neill Ryan 

E. E. Magill 

. Edward W. Lee 
A. Hildenbrandt 
. . . Jas. P. Blake 
. . Geo. A. Priest 
...Edw. W. Lee 



Mayor and Town. Hos' 

George L. Hutcbins, Portland — 

Geo. W. Niedringhau 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Wm. A. Magee, Pittsburg F. W. Lehmann 

William H. Gillespie, Pittston— 

T. S. McPheeters, Jr. 
Samuel V. Drehcr, Stroudsburg^ 

T. S. McPheeters, Jr. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 
John R. Tompkins, Edgefield. .. .L. L. Prince 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 

G. F. Stebbins, Spearfish H. P. Hilliard 

Wm. E. Adams, Deadwood. .Warren Goddard 

TENNESSEE. 

C. C. Dabney, Lewisburg David Metcalf 

William H. Long, Mount Pleasant. A. T. Terry 

J. D. Herron, McKenzie B. O. Rodes 

Thomas E. Daly, Pulaski A. C. Stewart 

Andrew M. Blue, Gallatin. .George T. Parker 
William Alwood, Manchester. .S. H. Fullerton 

TEXAS. 

Martin L. Earle, Jacksonville. .N. A. McMillan 

Fred S. Heffner, Marlin J. L. Penny 

Wm. Lingenbrink, Mercedes. .John C. Roberts 

H. L. Moseley, Weatherford A. G. Moseley 

Phil W. Allen, Cleburne T. R. Collins 

T. H. Collier, Ennis H. L. Christre 

Emmet A. Fletcher, Beaumont — 

E. B. Woodward 
J. S. Hood, Carradine E. B. Woodward 

VIRGINIA. 
James G. Riddick, Norfolk A. D. Brown 

WEST VIRGINIA. 
S. B. Hamer, Hinton Ben Gratz 



WISCONSIN. 

Arthur Mulberger, Watertown. .Sam Bowman 
David S. Rose, Milwaukee. Dr. H. Wheeler Bond 
W. T. Hurd, Boscobel Benj. Gratz 

WYOMING. 
Ludlow B. Glafcke, Sheridan. .Eugene Wilson 



186 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

THE SUMMING UP BY MAYOR KREISMANN 

Speaking, at the close of Centennial Week, upon the enduring results 
of the celebration. Mayor Kreismann said : 

Nobody can doubt that the Centennial Week has produced a lasting impression 
on the minds of our visitors, our own citizens and those of our sister cities who 
were unable to participate, but who have heard and will continue to hear of the 
advantages and resources of our city and State, as so strikingly illustrated in 
the numerous pageants and functions. The value to the city of the celebration is 
incalculable. It can not be estimated in dollars and cents, but the prestige of the 
city has been enhanced many fold, its credit has been increased vastly in the 
commercial world, its hospitality heralded far and wide, and the ultimate and 
permanent benefit we will derive is beyond estimate. The fame of St. Louis will be 
spread to the four quarters of the earth by the Mayors and the distinguished 
citizens whom it was our good fortune to entertain, and who had every opportunity 
to judge for themselves that our claims to municipal greatness are built not upon 
pretense, but upon commercial, financial and social solidarity. 



THE RECEPTION COMMITTEE'S IMPRESSIONS 

David R. Francis, Chairman of the Reception Committee, who, with 
his associates, had given the six days to the duties of hosts to the visitors, 
summarized results as follows : 

The beneficial effects of this Centennial Celebration will prove lasting and 
far-reaching. The untiring attention shown over 420 Mayors, the generous 
hospitality dispensed, can not fail to make a deep impression not only upon the 
guests, but also on the communities they represent. One Mayor said : "St. Louis 
may be the fourth city in population, but it is the first in hospitality." 

From the standpoint of material return our investment of money, effort 
and time will yield rich returns. The constituents of a Mayor appreciate attention 
to him and fully realize it is a compliment to their city. 

Some Mayors came from a distance, but most of them were from territory 
with which St. Louis has or should have commercial relations : such visitors 
were as proud of their host as they could have been if citizens of St. Louis. 
This sentiment of proprietary interest should be encouraged. 

The best result of this week of celebration ceremonies is the impetus it 
gave to our civic pride. The cooperation of our large commercial and other 
organizations demonstrates what concerted action of loyal St. Louisans can 
accomplish. A community of this size, when its citizens are imbued with the 
right public spirit, can make their city what they wish it to be. 

We are proud of our municipal government, our eleemosynary institutions, 
our streets, our manufacturing plants, our office buildings, our jobbing houses, 
our financial institutions and our beautiful residences, but it requires some such 
occasion as this for our own people to learn what St. Louis has and is. Expressions 
of admiration and surprise by the strangers within our gates infuse pride into our 
own breasts and inspire us with renewed confidence in the future. 



ASSETS OF THE WEEK 



CENTENNIAL TRAVEL ANALYZED 

A significant analysis of the excursion travel brought in by rail for 
Centennial Week was made by Commissioner P. W. Coyle of the Business 
Men's League. This work was undertaken at the request of Chairman 
George D. Markham. The purpose was to show in what proportions 




visitors were drawn from varying distances. The travel on the several 
roads was divided in three parts, one including all visitors who came 
from within one hundred miles of St. Louis. A radius of two hundred 
miles, the travel within the one hundred miles being deducted, gave the 
second part. Travel from beyond two hundred miles made up the third 
division. Commissioner Coyle obtained from the railroads reports upon 
Centennial Week travel to St. Louis classified according to these distances. 
The results of the analysis are set forth in a way to be comprehended at 



188 



St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 



a glance. One diagram shows the two circles of one hundred miles 
radius and two hundred miles radius from St. Louis with the percentages. 
The other diagram is the same as the first laid down upon a map showing 



Ued O&k 



•I W 4' V 

1 1 JliSIr— ^^^TT'jEFF Aisojs 




Ml'.CaVi 
Atnlicld/ 



Beilionj V.'^n'ogti, 
F.\,Lv/^"'"" B.lbJ^^rn,? Hoxi.T^/l t,_J^^^/,, ^y 1 »Mc)tai,tSr 



Clinton Jacksonpui 



^^^LocX \ "X 



-/ ' ^ I 



the cities and the principal towns within the two circles and those lying 
some distance beyond the larger circle. 

The percentages are very gratifying. They make plain that surpris- 
ingly large percentage that came from beyond the one hundred miles 



Assets of the Week 189 

radius. The Centennial celebration drew its heavy out-of-town attend- 
ance from far beyond what might be called suburban territory. More 
than half of the attendance from the West and Southwest came from 
beyond one hundred miles, and 14 per cent of the total number of visitors 
from those sections traveled more than two hundred miles to be in 
St. Louis Centennial Week. 

Nearly half of the attendance from the North and Northwest was from 
beyond the one hundred miles radius, and ten per cent came from more 
than two hundred miles. The showing might have been even better 
than that if the Centennial Association had been able to extend the zone 
of reduced rates farther in those directions. Significance of the figures 
obtained by Commissioner Coyle is in the fact that the sections which 
were favored with reduced rates sent by far the largest attendance from 
considerable distances. To the South and Southeast the territory within 
which excursion rates were obtained was very limited. The analysis shows 
the smallest travel to St. Louis from beyond one hundred miles in those 
directions. Only 36 per cent of the travel from those sections was 
brought more than one hundred miles, and only six per cent was hauled 
more than two hundred miles. 

Rates from the East and Northeast were reduced west of Buffalo and 
Pittsburg. Notwithstanding the celebration going on in New York and 
along the Hudson, St. Louis drew to the Centennial 45 per cent of the 
visitors more than one hundred miles. Eight per cent of the attendance 
supplied by those sections came more than two hundred miles. 

Excursion rates plainly had great bearing upon the Centennial cele- 
bration attendance. The occasion was one to draw people from long 
distances if the rates favored. The efforts and representations of the 
Committee on Reduced Rates, headed by W. F. Saunders, were 
abundantly vindicated by the returns. 



NO EXTORTION, FREE INFORMATION 

The most complete system for information of visitors was established at Union 
Station Bureau. The bureau was operated without any cost whatever to those 
desiring accommodations. It was conducted by the Conventions bureau of the 
Business Men's League. The purpose was to supply, to those inquiring, lists of 
hotels and boarding houses with addresses, telephone numbers and prices. 

Previous to Centennial Week, the following pledge of the hotel keepers that 

there should be no increase of rates was given voluntarily to the Executive 

Committee of the St. Louis Centennial Association. c . l 

September 17, 1909. 

In reference to the hotel rates during the Centennial Week, I beg to state that 

the hotels of St. Louis will not raise the rates during that weelc. 

LYMAN T. HAY, 

President, Hotel Men's Asaociation. 



190 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

The bureau at Union Station was open day and night. Distribution of telephone 
numbers was a new feature. It enabled the visitor, perhaps accompanied by wife 
and children, to telephone boarding houses and thus to obtain particulars regarding 
the location and terms without making trips to see what the accommodations were. 

The work of the bureau was increased by the distribution, through general 
passenger agents of thirty-eight railroads, of printed cards to station agents along 
their lines, informing passengers regarding this system of free information about 
stopping places. Experienced information bureau men were in attendance. The 
whole system was under the supervision of Thomas L. Cannon, manager of the 
Conventions bureau. The cost of maintenance was met by the St. Louis 
Centennial Association. 



THE ACCOUNTING AND THE WINDING UP 

The final meeting of the Executive Committee was held December i6. 
Chairman George D. Markham presented the following : 

To the Executive Committee: ^t. Louis, December i6, 1909. 

Gentlemen : At a meeting of this committee on Saturday, October 2d. a 
motion was passed conferring upon your chairman "the powers of the committee 
until the end of Centennial Week." Your chairman reports that from the time 
the watchman on the harbor boat blew the blast which started the bells of Church 
Day until the lights went out in the Coliseum at the close of the "Get-Together 
Banquet" Saturday night, there occurred no serious emergency calling for action 
under the authority of the committee. That is to say, there is nothing to explain — 
nothing for which to apologize. 

The programme occupying every one of the seven days and seven nights 
moved with precision and in detail as planned by you. No re-arrangement, no 
substitution was found necessary, as the week progressed. In accordance with 
your anticipation, one event succeeded another smoothly and harmoniously. The 
monster religious demonstrations of Sunday at Art Hill and the Coliseum were 
carried out upon a scale and with an enthusiasm unprecedented for St. Louis. 
The welcome demonstration of Monday, including the reception to the visiting 
Mayors, the luncheon of the Civic League and the mass meeting at the Coliseum 
was splendidly conducted. The balloon programme of Monday broke many 
precedents in aeronautics. The water pageant of Tuesday was a surprise to this 
community. The Veiled Prophet parade and the ball established new records 
in the long series of Veiled Prophet functions. The reception by the Merchants 
Exchange and the luncheon following at the Planters House on Tuesday gave 
our visitors a lasting impression of that great business organization. The 
Municipal pageant, the police review and the laying of the corner-stone on 
Wednesday were an exposition of the utilities and resources of the St. Louis city 
government — instructive to our visitors and to our own citizens. The Industrial 
pageant of Thursday morning exceeded the expectations of all of us in its illustra- 
tion of our commercial and manufacturing activities. Thursday afternoon witnessed 
the largest gathering of people seen in Forest Park since St. Louis Day of the 
World's Fair. 

Too much in the way of praise can not be said of the beautiful ball of all 
nations Thursday night in the Coliseum. The Historical, Educational and 



Assets of the Week 191 

Military parade of Friday morning was, I believe, the most perfect, the most 
charming pageant ever seen in the streets of St. Louis. Friday afternoon, 
although the winds made the efforts almost impossible, there were witnessed 
further aviation flights in Forest Park in the presence of a throng nearly as large 
as that of Thursday. The German-American Alliance and St. Louis Symphony 
Orchestra in the Coliseum Friday night gave our citizens and our visitors 
evidence of the high plane we have reached as a community in musical matters. 
Saturday morning witnessed, in the parade of 1,000 decorated entries, the most 
elaborate demonstration of automobiles seen in the Mississippi Valley, if not in the 
entire country. In no whit did the parade of school children and veterans and 
the dedication exercises at Fairground Park Saturday afternoon fall below other 
features of the week in interest. Centennial Week culminated in the "Get- 
Together Banquet" at the Coliseum Saturday night, giving us evidence of an 
asset in the way of united civic strength. 

An innovation for St. Louis was the Court of Honor. This committee has 
revealed to the community the possibilities of Twelfth street in connection with 
festival periods. In the old time, Lucas Market Place was used frequently for 
mass meetings and processions, but never before had the space been occupied after 
the manner adopted for Centennial Week. The decoration, the triumphal columns, 
the tiers of seats, the broad thoroughfare, the concerts made the Court of Honor 
a popular center of interest days and nights of the week. The several parades 
gained in interest and were made doubly impressive by the movement through 
the plaza. 

Your chairman reviews, thus briefly, the principal features of the week to recall 
to your minds how perfectly everything moved according to your design. There 
is only one way in which to account for the results achieved. Every committee, 
every organization which had accepted a part in this Centennial celebration had 
performed the work of preparation so intelligently and so thoroughly that there 
could be no confusion or failure in any feature of the programme. This work 
of preparation, you are reminded, began the 12th day of November, 1908, at a 
meeting called by the then Mayor, Mr. Wells, in his office at the City Hall. This 
Executive Committee was formed on the 2d of February, 1909. It is not necessary 
to recall to you the days and nights which were devoted to the work. 

Your chairman is happy to state that the Executive Committee of the St. Louis 
Centennial Association has practically completed its work, and has remaining in 
the hands of the Treasurer, Charles H. Huttig, a substantial surplus. 

This showing is due to the rigid economy exercised by every committee. Your 
budget was made up in August, when the midsummer dullness was affecting 
collections. Your several committees estimated carefully and closely the amounts 
absolutely necessary to carry out their plans. They adhered so well to these 
estimates that we find ourselves with this surplus in the treasury. 

It should be added that we derived revenues from sources which had not been 
counted upon. We received from the sale of the official pin, from sale of seats 
in the Court of Honor and from admissions to the Ball of All Nations nearly 
$5,000. We also were able to reduce the estimates in several directions to nearly 
the same amount. These unexpected economies and revenues give us the surplus 
of about $9,000. 

One feature of the programme as originally planned was not carried out. 
It was hoped in the beginning that we might be able to emphasize the Centennial 
by the dedication of a statue of the founder of St. Louis — Pierre Laclede — but 



192 St. Louis One Hundred Years in a Week 

collections in the early period of the movement did not justify us in carrying out 
this plan. Your chairman recommends that the surplus remaining in the hands 
of the treasurer be devoted to the designing, casting and erection of a bronze 
statue of Pierre Laclede. 

Your chairman further recommends that a committee of five be constituted 
with full power to carry out this recommendation, and to employ therefor all of 
the funds remaining in the hands of the treasurer, Charles H. Huttig. 

Your chairman recommends that this committee be authorized and directed 
to transact any other business incident to the winding up of the affairs of the 
Executive Committee of the St. Louis Centennial Association. 

GEORGE D. MARKHAM, 

Chairman Executive Committee. 

Saunders Norvell moved that, to carry out the recommendations 
of the Chairman, a committee of five be created, the Chairman of the 
Executive Committee, George D. Markham, to be chairman of the 
committee of five, and the other members to be appointed by him ; that the 
committee of five be authorized and directed to wind up the affairs of the 
Executive Committee, and to devote the funds remaining in the hands 
of the Treasurer, Charles H. Huttig, to a statue of Pierre Laclede, the 
founder of St. Louis. 

The motion was seconded by Owen Miller and carried unanimously. 

Mr. Norvell addressed the committee upon the extent and character of 
the publicity given to Centennial Week by the press of the city and of the 
country. He suggested that while the events were well worthy of 
the treatment they received, it might not be amiss to vote the thanks 
of the committee to the press of the city and of the country for the just 
and generous treatment accorded. He moved that an expression of 
appreciation for the press treatment be voted by the committee. 

The motion was seconded by James E. Smith and carried unanimously. 

Charles P. Senter spoke of the hearty cooperation which the Executive 
Committee had received on all sides in carrying out the preparations and 
the programrne of the week. He moved that a vote of thanks be tendered 
to all who had given assistance or personal services and to all contributors 
to the fund. 

Mr. Davis seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. 

The Chairman announced that he would appoint as associates on the 
committee of five, Saunders Norvell as vice-chairman, J. H. Gundlach, 
H. N. Davis and Walter B. Stevens. 

On motion, the committee of five was authorized to prepare and have 
printed a record covering the organization of the Centennial movement 
from the beginning, showing how the funds were raised and describing 
the various features — in brief, a souvenir history of Centennial Week. 

The committee adjourned sine die. 



JUL 7 19J0 






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